Arthur Okun Okun customer markets auction markets JEL Classification Numbers: D44; E31; L11 Price rigidities Fairness
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1 JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research Understanding Inflation Dynamics of the Japanese Economy Working Paper Series No.68 ネットオークション価格はアンフェアか? 渡辺努水野貴之 January 17, 2011 Research Center for Price Dynamics Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University Naka 2-1, Kunitachi-city, Tokyo , JAPAN Tel/Fax: hit-u acjp/~ifd/
2 Arthur Okun Okun customer markets auction markets JEL Classification Numbers: D44; E31; L11 Price rigidities Fairness customer markets auction markets Internet auctions Reference-price effect Buy-now prices tsutomu.w@srv.cc.hit-u.ac.jp 18GS0101 1
3 % fair pricing Okun (1981) auction markets customer markets Okun (1981) Okun (1981) Price increases that are based on cost increases are fair, while those based on demand increases are often viewed as unfair (Okun 1981, 153) Okun (1981) (1) (2) 2 (2) Kahneman et al. (1986) 2
4 1 Okun (1981) Okun (1981) auction markets auction markets customer markets Xia et al. (2004) 2 Rotemberg (2009) Rotemberg (2009) consumers require that firms demonstrate a minimum level of altruism towards them 2 3 reference price effect Kamins et al. (2004) Popkowski Leszczyc et al. (2009) = (2008).com Okun (1981) customer markets 3
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9 Okun customer markets auction markets [1], (2008) - POS , [2] (2008) 59 4, [3] Blinder, Alan, Elie R. D. Canetti, David E. Lebow, and Jeremy B. Rudd (1998), Asking about Prices: A New Approach to Understanding Price Stickiness, New York: Russel Sage Foundation. [4] Budish, Eric B., and Lisa N. Takeyama (2001), Buy Prices in Online Auctions: Irrationality on the Internet? Economics Letters 72, [5] Hidvegi, Zoltan, Wenli Wang, and Andrew B. Whinston (2006), Buy-price English Auction, Journal of Economic Theory 129, [6] Kahneman, Daniel, Jack Knetsch, and Richard Thaler (1986), Fairness as a Constraint on Profit Seeking: Entitlements in the Market, American Economic Review 76, [7] Kamins, MichaeI A., Xavier Dreze, Valerie S. Folkes (2004), Effects of Seller-Supplied Prices on Buyers Product Evaluations: Reference Prices in an Internet Auction Context Journal of Consumer Research 30, [8] Kopalle, Praveen and Joan Lindsey-Mullikin (2003), The Impact of External Reference Price on Consumer Price Expectations, Journal of Retailing 79(4), [9] Lee, Simon, Abdou Illia, and Seongbae Lim, Online Consumers Perception on Price Fairness, Mimeo. [10] Mitrović, Marija and Bosiljka Tadić (2010), Bloggers Behavior and Emergent Communities in Blog Space, European Physical Journal B, Vol. 73, 2010, [11] Okun, Arthur M. (1981), Prices and Quantities: A Macroeconomics Analysis, Washington, D.C.: Brooking Institutions. [12] Popkowski Leszczyc, Peter T. L., Chun Qiu, and Yongfu He (2009), Empirical Testing of the Reference-Price Effect of Buy-Now Prices in Internet Auctions, Journal of Retailing 85(2), [13] Rotemberg, Julio J. (2010), Fair Pricing, Journal of the European Economic Association, forthcoming. [14] Reynolds, Stanley S., and John Wooders (2009), Auctions with a Buy Price, Economic Theory 38, [15] Suter, Tracy A. and David M. Hardesty (2005), Maximizing Earnings and Price Fairness Perceptions in Online Consumer-To-Consumer Auctions, Journal of Retailing 1(4), [16] Shunda, Nicholas (2009), Auctions with a Buy Price: The Case of Reference-Dependent Preferences, Games and Economic Behavior 67(2), [17] Xia, Lan, Kent B. Monroe, and Jennifer L. Cox (2004), The Price is Unfair! A Conceptual Framework of Price Fairness Perceptions, Journal of Marketing 68, A size
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12 図 1: 新型インフルエンザ のブログなどでの登場頻度 図 2: マスクの出品数, 入札数, 落札数
13 図 3: マスクの超過需給 図 4: 即決価格での落札の割合 2009/5
14 図 5: ひとつの出品に含まれるマスクの枚数 2009/5 図 6: 個人出品者と企業出品者の割合
15 2009/1 図 7: 全出品者の新規参入時点と出品履歴
16 図 8: 落札価格, 開始価格, 即決価格の推移 /18/09 4/28/09 5/8/09 5/18/09 5/28/09 6/7/09 6/17/09 6/27/09 7/7/09 7/17/09 7/27/09 8/6/09 8/16/09 8/26/09 9/5/09 9/15/09 9/25/09 10/5/09 10/15/09 10/25/09 11/4/09 11/14/09 11/24/09 12/4/09 12/14/09 12/24/09 開始価格と即決価格で定義される範囲平均落札価格 /18/09 4/28/09 5/8/09 5/18/09 5/28/09 6/7/09 6/17/09 6/27/09 7/7/09 7/17/09 7/27/09 8/6/09 8/16/09 8/26/09 9/5/09 9/15/09 9/25/09 10/5/09 10/15/09 10/25/09 11/4/09 11/14/09 11/24/09 12/4/09 12/14/09 12/24/09 開始価格と即決価格で定義される範囲平均落札価格
17 図 9: 即決価格の開始価格に対する比率 9 7 即決価格 = 開始価格の割合 ( 右目盛 ) 即決価格 / 開始価格 ( 左目盛 ) /18/09 4/28/09 5/8/09 5/18/09 5/28/09 6/7/09 6/17/09 6/27/09 7/7/09 7/17/09 7/27/09 8/6/09 8/16/09 8/26/09 9/5/09 9/15/09 9/25/09 10/5/09 10/15/09 10/25/09 11/4/09 11/14/09 11/24/09 12/4/09 12/14/09 12/24/09 即決価格 / 開始価格 即決価格 = 開始価格の割合
POS POS JEL Classification Number: E30 Keywords: ; POS ; ; ; 18GS0101
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