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2 (CEF) (CEF) Communicative Language Competences in Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEF) ISHIBASHI Yoshikazu Communication competence has been widely discussed in the field of communication studies and second language teaching. Acquiring pragmatic communication competence has been one of the major aims of conducting second language teaching in recent years in Japan. Many studies have tried to develop the curriculum and to research effective teaching methods related to cultivating communication competence. The theoretical frameworks and the linguistic components of communication competence, however, have not been sufficiently discussed. Recently, Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment (CEF) has been established by the Council of Europe to facilitate plurilingualism, intercultural interactions, and borderless exchanges of workers and students in the EU. CEF is the guideline of foreign language acquisition and it introduces the criteria of the proficiency levels and the target communication competence. To analyze the components of communicative language competences in CEF, this study will contribute to future constructive research related to communication education. : EU 161

3 18 (2006 ) 1. EU EU 46 1) (Council of Europe) (Common European Framework of References for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment) ( CEF ) CEF (communicative language competences) (1) (linguistic competence) (2) (sociolinguistic competence) (3) (pragmatic competence) CEF 2001 CEF (1) (2) (3) CEF 162

4 (CEF) CEF 2. CEF CEF EU ( ) EU CEF (1) (2) (3) (4) EU CEF (plurilingual competence) 2) (plurilingualism) EU CEF CEF 3) (European Language Portfolio) ( ELP ) 4) CEF EU EU CEF 18 5) CEF 9 163

5 18 (2006 ) (1) CEF ( ) (2) CEF ( ) (3) ( ) (4) / ( ) (5) / () (6) ( ) (7) ( ) (8) ( ) (9) ( ) / 3. ( ) 6) CEF (linguistic com- 164

6 (CEF) petence) (sociolinguistic competence) (pragmatic competence) (linguistic competence) 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

7 18 (2006 ) A. a. : Good morning! ( ) How do you do? ( ) : Be off with you! (!) b. : Please may I have... ( ) c. : to put up with ( ) to make do (with) ( ) : in front of ( ) d. : to make a speech () to make a mistake ( ) B. : tank a. b. : a, the : some, all, many c. d. : this, these : I, we, he, she e. f. : who, what, how : my, our, his, her g. h. : with, in, of : be, do, have i. j. 166

8 (CEF) : and, but, if : 2. a. b. : ( ) : c. d. : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) e. ( ) f. : ( : ( ) ) A. a. b. ( ) : (re-, un-, -ly, -ness) (-s, -ed, -ing) B. ( ) a. ( ) : six, tree, break b. ( + ) : un-broken-ly c. ( ) : sixpence, breakdown C. a. : sing, sang, sung b. : lend, lent c. : bring, brought d. : go, went e. : cut, cut, cut A. : laughed, cried, shouted /t/, /d/, /id/ B. 167

9 18 (2006 ) : creep crept, mean meant, weep wept 2. ( ) a. : ( ) b. : ( / ) a. ( phonemes) ( allophones) b. : ( ) c. : d. () e. ( / ) 5. ( ) a. b. ( ) c. d. e. ($ )

10 (CEF) a b. c. ( ) d. : ( ) 2004 pp (sociolinguistic competence) 5 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) A. a. ( : Hallo!; Good morning!) 169

11 18 (2006 ) b. ( : How do you do?) c. ( : Good-bye!) B. a. ( : My Lord; Your Grace) b. ( : Sir; Madam; Professor) c. ( : John!) d. ( : dear; daring) e. ( : You!; Smith!) f. ( : You stupid idiot!) C. (turntaking) D. ( : My God!; Dear, dear!) 2. A. : a. b. c. d. B. : a. b. c. ( ) C. D. ( ) : a. b. c. d

12 (CEF) A. : A stitch in time saves nine. ( ) B. : A sprat to catch a mackerel. ( ( ) ) C. : A man s man for a that ( ) D. a. : Fine before seven, rain by eleven. (7 11 ) b. : It takes all sorts to make a world. () c. : It s not cricket. ( ) 4. A. : Pray silence for His Worship the Mayor! ( ) B. : May we now come to order, please. ( ) C. : Shall we begin? () D. : Right. What about making a start? ( ) E. : OK. Let s get going. ( ) 5. A. : a. small wee 171

13 18 (2006 ) b. B. : a. I haven t seen anything. I ain t seen nothing. b. ( ) C. : a. bird [boid] b. D. a. ( ) b. ( prosody) c. ( ) ( ) 2004 pp (pragmatic competence) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) () A. a. / 172

14 (CEF) b. / c. ( : ) d. / B. a. b. c. d. e. C. a. : b. c. : d. : D. a. b. c. d. 2. A. a. b. c. d. e. B. a. ( : / ) b. ( : / ) c. ( : ) d. ( : ) e. ( : / / ) f. ( : ) C. : 173

15 18 (2006 ) D. : E. : F. : a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 3. A. : a. b. / c. / / / d. / B. : a. b. c. d. e. f. : g. h. i. a. 174

16 (CEF) b. c. / / ( : ) d. / / e. ( : ) D. a. ( ) b. ( ) ( ) 2004 pp

17 18 (2006 ) 4. CEF ( 4 ) CEF CEF (Common Reference Level) 7) 6 CEF (1) CEF 176

18 (CEF) (2) (3) 3 ( 2005e) CEF 1) (Council of Europe) 1949 ( 2005a) 2) (plurilingualism) ( 2005a) 3) (European Language Portfolio) (ELP) CEF (1) (Language Passport) (2) (Language Biography) (3) (Dossier) (Language Passport) 5 (Listening) (Reading) (Writing) (Spoken Interaction) (Spoken Production) (Language Biography) (Dossier) ELP 177

19 18 (2006 ) ( 2005c; 2004) 4) CEF ELP (2006) (2005b) ( ) CEF 5) CEF ( 2005d) 6) = ( ) 7) (Common Reference Level) 6 A-C 3 A: (Basic User) B: (Independent) C: (Proficient User) 3 2 A A1: Breakthrough A2: Waystage B B1: Threshold B2: Vintage C C1: Effective Operational Proficiency C2: Mastery ( 2005b;2003) Almeida, Eugenie P. (2004). A discourse analysis of student perceptions of their communication competence. Communication Education, 53 4, Council of Europe (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge University Press. (2005a) 1. 1 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages j/publish/euro/index.html ( : ) 178

20 (CEF) (2005b) 1. 3 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages j/publish/euro/index.html ( : ) (2005c) 1. 4 Common European Framework of Reference for Languages http: // j/publish/euro/index.html ( : ) (2005d) CEF html ( : ) (2005e) 3. 3 CEF Common European Framework of Reference for Languages http: // j/publish/euro/index. ( : ) (2003) (2003) Let s Try! (1996) II (1997) III (2004) EU (2006) : (B)(2) 17 (2004) 53 2 (21 23 ) (1998) (1997) (2004) 53 2 (2004) II H. G. (1991) 179

日本語教育紀要８／ｐｄｆ用表紙

日本語教育紀要８／ｐｄｆ用表紙 CEFR Byram Lázár Intercultural Communicative Competence Common European Framework of Reference for Languages Council of Europe CEFR plurilingual and pluricultural competence Intercultural Competence Byram