GIS Theory and Applications of GIS, 2014, Vol. 22, No.2, pp 地理空間情報技術の学習支援ツールの設計と開発太田守重 * Design and Development of an Assistance Tool for Educat

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1 GIS Theory and Applications of GIS, 2014, Vol. 22, No.2, pp 地理空間情報技術の学習支援ツールの設計と開発太田守重 * Design and Development of an Assistance Tool for Education on the Geospatial Information Technology Morishige Ota Abstract: An educational assistance tool called gittok is developed for students in higher education. It is all-in-one software with texts and slides. Students can study fundamental knowledge of Geospatial Information Technology (GIT) based on its Body of Knowledge (BoK) and the Geographic Information Standards such as those provided by ISO/TC 211. Gittok includes an application schema designer called Modeler. It allows students to acquire and edit geospatial data directly in compliance with the application schema. They can overview and experience spatial analysis, XML data exchange, geo-library, and map design. Teachers can refer to texts and slides included in gittok and may modify the source code to be suitable for their own lectures. Therefore, gittok will be a useful tool for introductory courses on GIT education. Keywords: Geospatial Information Technology, GIT educational assistance tool GIT GIT Body of Knowledge Geographic Information Standards 1. はじめに Web Ordnance Survey, 2012 GIS&T Body of Knowledge, BoK UCGIS, GIT BoK Ota, et al., 2008 GIS&T GIS&T BoK GIS&T * Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd morishige_ota@kk-grp.jp 81 13

2 GIScience GITechnology gittok Geospatial Information Technology Tool Kit XML 4 5 GIS&T GIT BoK gittok 2.GIS&T 教育の現状 GIS&T GIT GIS&T GIS ArcGIS, MANDARA GIS&T GIS GIS GIS Web GIS GIS GIS GIS location attribute DiBiase 2014 Goodchild 82 14

3 1992 spatial key 1992 Goodchild 1999 ISO/IEC SQL Multimedia and Application Packages-Part 3: Spatial ORACLE PostgreSQL ISO/TC 211 ISO, 2005 GIS GIS GIT GIS Web API GIT IT GIT 2008 GIS UN- GGIM Ordnance Survey, 2012 GIT 3. 教材の条件 MOOC Daradoumis, GIT

4 GIT 2006 GIT GIScience 15 GIT GIS 2 1 BoK 1 BoK BoK 2006 GIT BoK Ota, XML 6 GIT 15 GIT GIT 4.Gittok のアーキテクチャ Gittok 1 gittok. gittok Gittok Adobe Air gittok 84 16

5 1 Gittok 5. モデリング (Modeling) feature ISO Abstraction of the real world phenomena X 7100 JIS A group of spatial elements which together represent a real-world entity. MacDonnel & Kemp, 1995 entity feature ISO gittok UML Unified Modeling Language UML General Feature model, GFM UML ISO, 2005 GFM gittok GFM 2 2 ApplicationSchema FeatureType AssociationType AttributeType proxy OperationType arguments OperationType ArgAttPair 85 17

6 feature Gittok GFM Modeller GFM 2 Gittok gittok GFM spatial place thematic temporal 2 gittok C 0 ISO ISO, 2003 location identifiable geographic place URL ISO ISO, 2012 place identifiable part of any space place gittok CharacterString Integer Real Bool Memo 6. データ取得 (Acquisition) GIS Gittok 86 18

7 てクリアリングハウスやジオカタログがあり 空間 データ基盤とも呼ばれているが gittok ではメタデー タの検索に続いて データの更新 空間解析 交換 そして地図表現などが直接実行できる これは類似 の仕組みにはあまりない機能である ただし ライ ブラリー自体はスタンドアロンなので 他者のライ ブラリーを見ることはできない Gittok で使用する メタデータの項目は 以下の通りである 1 メタデータの表題 Title 2 概覧 Overview 3 キーワード Keywords 4 責任者 Responsible Party 5 メタデータの発行日 Publication Date 図3 6 地理的範囲 Geographic Extent 幾何属性編集用のページ これらの項目の中で地理的範囲については 地理 場所属性とすると共に 計測基図を画面デジタイズ 院地図またはオープンストリートマップを背景にし して 測地座標系や平面直角座標系に従う座標をも て データの地理的な分布と範囲を確認すると共に つ幾何属性を取得する Gittok では 生のデータに メタデータを特定するために使われる ISO 含まれる座標は画面座標であるが 準備段階で 地 や そのプロファイルである JMP Japan Metadata 上平面座標系への換算を可能にするために画面標定 Profile と比較すると gittok のメタデータは項目数 を行う さらに経緯度との相互換算を可能にするた が少ないが 学習者はジオライブラリーの本来の意 めに座標参照系のパラメータ設定を行い これらを 義を理解し データの検索と活用がしやすくなるこ 地理空間データセット Kit という が参照する したがって 応用スキーマに準拠する地理空間 データの収集と編集 および その中で行われる座 標変換の理解が 学生にとっての学習達成目標にな る 7 管理 Management 管理とは Kit を保存し 検索し 更新や解析等を 可能にすることである Gittok の目的は IT の修得で はなく 時間的な制約もあるので データベース管 理システム DBMS は使用せず ファイルシステム のみで管理を行う その代わりManagerと称するペー ジにおいて Kit にキーワードや地理的範囲を含む簡 単なメタデータを関連させ それによる検索を可能 とし 地理空間データのための電子図書館 つまり ジオライブラリー NRC, 1999 について学ぶことが できる 図 4 背景は地理院地図 Kit それぞれの地 理的範囲が表示されている 類似のサービスとし 図4 ジオライブラリーのページ

8 8. 空間解析 (Spatial Analysis) gittok GIT データ交換 (Exchange) gittok XML Exchanger Kit. Gittok UML GFM gittok Kit. XML 10. 表現 (Representation) Kit Gittok. Tao, 2010 gittok 88 20

9 2 1 2 gittok Kit m 知識領域間の関連性 Gittok all-in-one GIT Kit Kit Kit Kit Kit XML Kit 12. 今後の展開 GIT BoK all-in-one GIT gittok GPL Web Air

10 謝辞 A GIT GIT 2 参考文献 E-journal GEO A GIS GIS GIS GIS GIS JIS X DiMSIS. GIS A Daradoumis, T., Bassi, R., Xhafa, F., Caballe, S. (2013) A review in massive e-learning (MOOC) design, delivery and assessment. Eighth International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing, DiBiase, D., et.al. (2014) Chapter 1 Section 15 Locations and Attributes. Nature of Geographic Information, natureofgeoinfo/c1_p15.html Goodchild, M. (1992) Geographical information science. International Journal of Geographic Information Systems 6 (1), ISO (2002) ISO 19101:2002 Geographic information -- Reference model. Geneva: ISO ISO (2003) ISO 19112:2003 Geographic information -- Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers Geneva: ISO ISO (2005) ISO 19109:2005 Geographic information -- Rules for application schema. Geneva: ISO ISO (2012) ISO 19155:2012 Geographic information -- Place Identifier (PI) architecture. Geneva: ISO McDonnell, R., Kemp, K. (1995) International GIS Dictionary, New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 37 NRC (National Research Council) (1999) Distributed Geolibraries Spatial Information Resources, Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 1 Ordnance Survey of GB (2012) Future Trends in geospatial information management, Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management, ggim.un.org/docs/meetings/2ndhighlevelforum/ UN-GGIM%20Future%20Trends%20Paper%20-%20 Version%202.0.pdf Ota, M., Arikawa, M., Makino, H., Kubota, K., Okabe, 90 22

11 A.(2008) The Research Initiative on a Curriculum for Geographic Information Technology in Japan. ASGIS 2008, 5-12 Tao Tao, Zhao Zai-xu, Li Xiu-mei (2010) Review on International Standards and Specifications of Map Symbol. International Conference on Web Information Systems and Mining, UCGIS (2006) Geographic Information Science and Technology, Body of Knowledge, UCGIS

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