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2 Abstract We research the effects of changing task difficulties on brain activities from the point of view of the task performance. In this experiment, the subjects were to perform auditory and visual GO/NOGO task. The difficulty of these tasks was set 6 levels. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) in both sides of lateral and prefrontal cortex under GO/NOGO tasks were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fnirs). Twelve healthy adults participated as subjects of the experiment in this study. The CBF of the frontal pole (FP) activated significantly under easy tasks (audio: level 2, visual: level 1). In contrast, CBF of the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) had shown the strongest activity under difficulty level 5. Next, we examined the effects of differences of task performance. In IFC, the CBF peak of the high score group (HSG) was more difficult than the low score group (LSG) under the both tasks. Through this experiment, it is suggested that the more difficult the task gets, the greater the brain activities gets in HSG. From the above discussion, there are differences of changing task difficulties on brain activities between HSG and LSG.
3 GO/NOGO fnirs GO/NOGO GO/NOGO GO/NOGO GO/NOGO
4 Barkley(1997) GO/NOGO GO/NOGO GO NOGO 2 Event-Related Potential: ERP GO/NOGO ERP 6 7 functional Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy: fnirs NIRS 8 9 GO/NOGO 10 GO/NOGO 1
5 GO/NOGO GO/NOGO fnirs 2 3 fnirs 4 3 2
6 GO/NOGO GO/NOGO 11 GO/NOGO GO NOGO 2 GO GO NOGO NOGO GO NOGO Fig GO/NOGO 2.3 fnirs 2 Oxygen-hemoglobin: Oxy-Hb Deoxygen-hemoglobin: Deoxy- Hb, total-hemoglobin: Total-Hb 18 Oxy-Hb Deoxy-Hb Oxy-Hb Deoxy-Hb fnirs fnirs 20 2 Oxy-Hb Deoxy-Hb I E 3
7 I D (2.1) ϵ C D S log I D I E = ϵ C D + S (2.1) fnirs Oxy-Hb Deoxy-Hb Oxy-Hb Deoxy- Hb fnirs (Electroencephalograph: EEG) Magnetoencephalography: MEG Positron Emission Tomography: PET Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography: SRECT fnirs fmri Table 1 21 fnirs 10 Hz fnirs Hb Fig
8 3 GO/NOGO : 3 : GO/NOGO GO/NOGO 3.2 GO/NOGO fnirs Fig EW2430 V: BenQ 1 m GO/NOGO Fig GO GO NOGO : GO/NOGO Fig. 4 GO NOGO mm 5 mm GO NOGO level 1 level GO/NOGO GO NOGO 700 ms 5
9 High 4 Middle 4 Low NIRS fnirs Fig. 5 (Low-pass filter: LPF) 1.0 Hz 5 Fig. 6(a) 3 3 Oxy-Hb Fig. 6(a) 2 1 Oxy-Hb 22 CH 24 CH 22 CH 24 CH 116 CH Fig. 7 Inferior frontal gyrus: IFG Probe 5, CH 9 GO/NOGO Frontal pole: FP Probe 5, CH 7 Inferior temporal gyrus: ITG Probe 1, CH GO/NOGO GO/NOGO GO/NOGO Fig. 8 (RT: F (5,66)=3.65, p <.05, ERROR: F (5,66)=1.38, p >.05) Fig. 4 GO NOGO GO/NOGO GO/NOGO Fig. 9 Oxy-Hb IFG ITG 6
10 level 5 level 6 FP IFG ITG IFG: F(5,66)=3.876, p <.05 FP: F(5,66)=0.629 p >.05 ITG: F(5,66)=2.880 p <.05 GO/NOGO IFG ITG FP FP FP Fig. 10 Oxy-Hb FP
11 4 GO/NOGO : 3 : GO/NOGO GO/NOGO 4.2 GO/NOGO fnirs Fig ATH-ANC 23: audio-technica GO/NOGO GO/NOGO Table 2 GO 1000 Hz NOGO Hz dbspl GO NOGO level 1 level fnirs fnirs 22 CH 24 CH 70 CH Fig. 7 IFG GO/NOGO FP Superior temporal gyrus: STG Probe 1 CH 13 8
12 4.4 GO/NOGO GO/NOGO GO/NOGO Fig. 12 F (5,66)=3.56, p <.05 F (5,66)=7.54, p <.05 GO NOGO GO/NOGO GO/NOGO Fig. 13 Oxy-Hb NOGO IFG STG FP 2 FP IFG: F(5,66)=0.864, p >.05 FP: F(5,66)=4.317 p <.05 STG: F(5,66)=0.393 p >.05 level 2 FP IFG STG IFG STG IFG Fig. 14 STG Fig. 15 Oxy-Hb IFG level 5 level 3 level 2 STG level 4 level 2 IFG STG GO/NOGO GO/NOGO IFG STG FP 9
13 5 IFC IFC level 5 FP 5.1 Fig ms ms NOGO 27 ms Fig. 17 Fig
14 level 5 Fig
15 6 1 GO/NOGO GO/NOGO fnirs 12
16 NIRS
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20 fnirs FP IFG STG
21 Fig Table 1 21 PET SPECT EEG MEG fnirs fmri 1
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24 (a) (b) Fig. 6 fnirs Fig. 7 4
25 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 FP 5
26 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 6
27 Fig. 14 IFG Fig. 15 STG Fig. 16 7
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