fnirs functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Hirata Hirata fnirs Obler and Gjerlow ; Sakai et al. ; PET Petersen et al. Scherer et al. Amiri et

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1 fnirs Abstract This study is a part of the project that aims to examine the similarity and/or dissimilarity in brain activation while participants take written tests and engage in conversation. The fnirs data of three beginner-level Japanese learners were examined. The trend chart analysis revealed that there were apparent individual differences in brain activation among different types of written tasks. Despite the claims made in some previous studies, a consistent hemispheric specialization was not observed. In the correlation analysis, the two types of conversation tasks, one in the native language and the other in Japanese, exhibited varying degrees of similarity among the three participants. It was speculated that this individual difference might be due to a difference in multilanguage capability. Regarding the similarity to Japanese conversation tasks, the multiple-choice type three choices for three blanks appeared to be most similar based on the number of channels exhibiting a strong correlation. fnirs functional near-infrared spectroscopy: 1 1.1,, Hirata

2 fnirs functional near-infrared spectroscopy: Hirata Hirata fnirs Obler and Gjerlow ; Sakai et al. ; PET Petersen et al. Scherer et al. Amiri et al. Horowitz-Kraus et al. fmri Lyu et al. PET fmri Price Illes et al. Perani et al.

3 TOEFL 2.2,, ; Hirata,, fnirs Hirata fnirs oxy-hb oxy-hb deoxy-hb

4 Illes et al., ; Perani et al., ; and Oishi, Hirata 3 fnirs 3.1 fnirs FOIRE- fnirs PET Positron Emission Tomography: MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging: fnirs / fnirs fnirs HP

5 fnirs biblionet/2008/jan/neuroneslecture.html

6 - T -Fp -Fz-Fp -T fnirs mm mm mmol.mm: /L oxy-hemoglobin: oxy-hb deoxy-hemoglobin deoxy-hb total-hemoglobin: total-hb 3.2

7 BL-, JL-, MB- - - BL- % JL- % MB- % / Petersen et al.

8 stimulated statecontrol state Wagner TASK TASK TASK TASK

9 TASK open TASK I think Japanese is easier than Chinese. TASK I have never taken a taxi in Japan TASK TASK TASK

10 3.4 fnirs fnirs fnirs fnirs FOIRE- IC 3.5 Hirata fnirs FOIRE- FOIRE- fnirs HP

11 FOIRE-. FOIRE- Savitzky-Golay FOIRE- FOIRE- IBM SPSS fmri fnirs fmri Huettel et al. BOLD NIRS fmri BOLD blood oxygenation level dependent NIRS fnirs oxy-hb Shimoyama et al. Toronov et al. Malonek et al. Strangman et al., oxy-hb deoxy-hb Hirata oxy-hb deoxy-hb deoxy-hb

12 oxy-hb deoxy-hb vs. vs. vs. CH CH vs. CH CH vs. CH CH vs. CH CH vs. CH CH vs. CH BL- JL- MB- oxy-hb deoxy-hb total-hb oxy-hb deoxy-hb

13 BL-1 TASK03 BL-1 TASK BL-1 TASK08 BL-1 TASK11 BL-1 TASK12 BL-1 TASK14 TASK TASK BL- CH CH

14 JL-2 TASK01 JL-2 TASK04 CH34, 35, 36 CH37 JL-2 TASK08 JL-2 TASK11 JL-2 TASK12 JL-2 TASK15 TASK JL- CH CH MB- CH CH TASK JL- CH CH MB- CH CH

15 MB-3 TASK01 MB-3 TASK 04 CH34, 35 CH37, 38 MB-3 TASK TK08 MB-3 TASK TK10 MB-3 TASK 12 MB-3 TASK 15 ; Hirata

16 BL- TASK JL- MB- TASK TASK TASK TASK MB- oxy-hb BL- TASK TASK TASK deoxy-hb CH oxy-hb deoxy-hb MB- BL- JL- MB- TASK TASK deoxy-hb oxy-hb TASK deoxy-hb TASK oxy-hb 4.2 vs. CH vs. CH CH vs. CH oxy-hb deoxy-hb r. r.bl- JL- MB- oxy-hb deoxy-hb

17 oxy-hb deoxy-hb BL- vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. oxy-hb CH CH % CH r=.ch r=., CH r=. CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. deoxy-hb CH CH % CH r=. CH r=. CH r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=., CH r=. CH r=. CH r=. CH r=.ch r=. BL- oxy-hb deoxy-hb BL- oxy-hb BL- deoxy-hb oxy-hb fnirs oxy-hb ; Shimoyama et al. Toronov et al.

18 ; vs. BL- BL- JL- MB- JL- vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. oxy-hb CH CH % CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=. C H r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=.ch r=., CH r=. CH r=.ch r=., CH r=., CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=. CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=. CH r=. CH r=., vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. deoxy-hb CH CH r=. CH % CH r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=., CH r=. CH r=. CH r=.ch r=., CH r=. CH r=. CH r=. CH r=.

19 BL- oxy-hb JL- oxy-hb oxy-hb oxy-hb deoxy-hb BL- oxy-hb JL- deoxy-hb oxy-hb oxy-hb deoxy-hb BL- oxy-hb JL- vs. JL- JL- oxy-hb vs. vs. vs. MB- vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. oxy-hb CH CH % CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=. CH r=. CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=., CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=., CH r=. CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=., CH r=.ch r=., CH r=.

20 vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. deoxy-hb CH CH r=. CH r=. CH % CH r=. CH r=., CH r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=. CH r=. CH r=.ch r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=. CH r=.ch r=. CH r=. CH r=., CH r=. MB- deoxy-hb oxy-hb BL- JL- BL- JL- oxy-hb MB- deoxy- Hb BL- JL- deoxy-hb oxy-hb MB- vs. MB- JL- BL- JL- MB- ; Illes et al.; Perani et al. BL- JL- MB-

21 BL- JL- MB- BL- JL- MB- MB- oxy-hb deoxy-hb BL- JL- MB- oxy-hb deoxy-hb 5 fnirs oxy-hb deoxy-hb vs. oxy-hb deoxy-hb

22 deoxy-hb oxy-hb -. HP LABNIRShttp:// nirs/nirs.htm fnirs -. fnirs -. fnirs -. NIRS NIRS -.

23 NIRS - -. Amiri, M., Pouliot, P., Bonnéry, C., Leclerc, PO., Desjardins, M., Lesage, F., and Joanette, Y. An Exploration of the Effect of Hemodynamic Changes Due to Normal Aging on the fnirs Response to Semantic Processing of Words. Frontiers in Neurology, vol., article. Hirata, Y. Brain activation in an intermediate-level Japanese learner Correlation analysis of fnirs data during written tests and conversation. Buckeye East Asian Linguistics 2 BEAL 2, The Ohio State University, -. Horowitz-Kraus, T., Vannest, J.J., Kadis, D., Cicchino, N., Wang, Y.Y., and Holland, S.K. Reading acceleration training changes brain circuitry in children with reading difficulties. Brain and Behavior, vol. 4, issue 6,. Huettel, S. A., Song, A. W., McCarthy, G. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging nd ed., Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. Illes, J., Francis, W.S., Desmond, J.E., Gabrieli, J.D., Glover, G.H., Poldrack, R., Lee, C.J., and Wagner, A. D. Convergent cortical representation of semantic processing in bilinguals. Brain and Language,, -. Lyu, B., Ge, J., Niu, Z., Tan, L.H., and Gao, J.H. Predictive Brain Mechanisms in Sound-to-Meaning Mapping during Speech Processing. Journal of Neuroscience Malonek, D., Dirnagl, U., Lindauer, U., Yamada, K., Kanno, I., and Grinvald, A., Vascular imprints of neuronal activity: Relationships between the dynamics of cortical blood flow, oxygenation, and volume changes following sensory stimulation. Proceedings of Natural Science Academy of the United States of America, vol. 94, no Obler, L. K. and Gjerlow, K. Language and the Brain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Perani, D., and Abutalebi, J. The neural basis of first and second language processing. Current Opinion in Neurobiology,, -. Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., Posner, M. I., Mintun, M., & Raichle, M. E.. Positron emission tomographic studies of cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature,, -. Price, C. J. A review and synthesis of the first years of PET and fmri studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading. NeuroImage, volume 62, Issue 2, -. Sakai, K. L., Hashimoto, R., Homae, F. Sentence processing in the cerebral cortex. Neuroscience Research,, -. Scherer, L. C., Giroux, F., Lesage, F., Senhadji, N., Benali, H., and Ansaldo, A. An optical imaging study of semantic and syntactic processing by bilinguals. Brain and Language , -. Shimoyama, I., Sato, F., Nakazawa, K., and Ono, K. Single measurement of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin for a functional near infrared spectroscopy. Abstracts of the 29 th Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society Neuroscience Research Special Issue 2006, -. Strangman, G., Boas, D. A., and Sutton, J. P. Non-invasive neuroimaing with near-infrared light. Biological Psychiatry, 52, -. Toronov, V. Y., Zhang, X., and Webb, A. G. A spatial and temporal comparison of hemodynamic signals measured using optical and functional magnetic resonance imaging during activation in the human primary visual cortex. Neuroimage, 34, -.

24 Wagner, A. D.. Working memory contributions to human learning and remembering. Neuron,,.

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