TANF Temporary Assistance for Needy Families SSI Supplemental Security Income Food Stamps Medicaid General Assistance AFDC Aid to Families
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1 TANF Temporary Assistance for Needy Families SSI Supplemental Security Income Food Stamps Medicaid General AssistanceAFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children TANF 1997 c TANF TANF TANF 60 5 TANF entitlement TANF USDHHS 2004 I- Table A, B
2 408 Vol. 42 No TANF TANF TANF II III TANF IV V TANF TANF TANF 2004 TANF TANF TANF TANF TANF EITC TANF USDHHS 2003 p.ii TANF
3 Spring TANF TANF TANF TANF TANF 3 USDHHS 2004 Table 10:48 3 TANF TANF University Consortium on Welfare Reform 2002 pp p Wiseman 2000 p TANF TANF 5 1 TANF TANF diversion TANF 1999 Medicaid Food Stamps Energy Assistance Public Housing Child Care Subsidy TANF TANF TANF AFDC TANF 48 USDHHS 2005 p.ii-18 3 Karoly et al Schmidt & Sevak 2004 SSI SSI AFDC Schmidt & Sevak 2004 TANF SSI SSI SSI TANF SSI AFDC TANF AFDC AFDC Medicaid Food Stamps Greenstein & Guyer 2001 TANF
4 410 Vol. 42 No. 4 Medicaid Food Stamps TANF Swartz AFDC TANF TANF SSI TANF TANF making work pay TANF 1 5 TANF TANF USDHHS 2004 Table 12:10 5 TANF 8 USDHHS 2004 Table 12:10 child-only cases TANF SSI TANF USDHHS 2004 I-Figure E 20 exemption DV SPDP 2001 Bloom et al pp Stopped Clock TANF University Consortium on Welfare Reform 2002 p.3 86 extension
5 Spring Good-Faith Effort Bloom et al pp TANF TANF 4 2 TANF 30 work activities OJT OJT SPDP TANF Greenberg et al p.31 TANF USDHHS 2004 III-Figure A TANF TANF USDHHS 2004 Table 3:1:a DV 24 SPDP 2001 TANF 2002 TANF USDHHS 2004 Table 3:3:a TANF 50 nominal standard TANF 2002 effective standard USDHHS 2004 III-Figure B TANF TANF 5 3 TANF AFDC c 1998
6 412 Vol. 42 No AFDC TANF USD- HHS 2004 Table 12: AFDC TANF 8 23 Gallagher et al Table III.3 TANF USDHHS 2004 Table 12:6 USDHHS 2004 Table 12:5 TANF $1,000 $446 $330 6 AFDC TANF TANF MOE Maintenance of Effort 1994 AFDC AFDC TANF MOE 1990 AFDC TANF TANF TANF GAO 25 TANF 46 TANF USGAO 2002 p.9 TANF TANF ,180 NYSDL 2000TANF TANF 5 TANF TANF Child Care and Development Block Grant
7 Spring TANF 2003 p.153 CEA 2001 pp AFDC Medicaid TANF TANF Medicaid 1997 Children s Health Insurance Program Medicaid CEA 2001 pp Welfare to Work Grants TANF 2003 p.172 Nightingale & Brennan 1998 TANF TANF TANF 6 Edin & Lein 1997 AFDC AFDC Food Stamps EITC Earned Income Tax Credit EITC EITC EITC Myles & Pierson EITC 2005 EITC 11, ,030 2, ,263 4,400 IRS 2006a ,000 Ms. Anderson EITC 10,712 3 Ms. Lewis 4,290 1,287 EITC Mr. Smith EITC 2 2
8 414 Vol. 42 No. 4 1 Ms.Anderson Ms.Lewis Mr.Smith ,000 10,712 4, NY EITC 3,630 4, NY EITC 999 1, ,519 16,289 5,390 The New York State Community Action Association (2006) Helping Hands Tool-Kit : A Professional s Guide to Assistance Programs, TAX PROGRAMS, Earned Income Tax Credit ( p ,000 10, AFDC/TANF Food Stamps 8,804 7,717 2,602 2, ,000 2,000 EITC , ,000 8,804 7,717 10,664 14,593 Ellwood, D. T.(2000) The Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit and Social Policy Reforms on Work, Marriage, and Living Arrangements. National Tax Journal, Vol.53, No.4, Part 2, pp AFDC/TANF Food Stamps 8,804 7, EITC 10,664 14, ,664 8, ,593 7, EITC IRS 2006b p TANF 500 TANF 94 USDHHS 2004 I-Table B II-table A EITC EITC
9 Spring TANF TANF AFDC Orloff b TANF 7 TANF
10 416 Vol. 42 No TANF TANF SSI TANF TANF +Medicaid Food Stamps TANF +EITC TANF TANF 1997 p EITC 2002 TANF EITC
11 Spring TANF TANF TANF TANF TANF 2 3 TANF Child Support Enforcement Program p TANF Wiseman 2000 p $90 51 $1000 $90 $910 $ $464 $1000 ($90 $464) $ $ $670 $1000 $670 $ Wiseman 2000 Mink :
12 418 Vol. 42 No EITC B AFDC TANF dex.html B AFDC TANF c a b Beverly, S. G.(2002) What Social Workers Need to Know about the Earned Income Tax Credit. Social Work, Vo.47, Issue.3. Bloom,D, Farrell,M., Fink,B. with Adams- Ciardullo,D. (2002) Welfare Time Limits : State Policies, Implementation, and Effects on Families, Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation. ( Council of Economic Advisers(CEA)(2001) The Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers(2001), U. S. Government Printing Office. ( fy02/pdf/2001_erp.pdf) Edin, K., and Lein,L.(1997) Making Ends Meet: How Single Mothers Survive Welfare and Low-Wage Work, Russell Sage Foundation. Ezawa,A. and Fujiwara,C.(2005) Lone Mothers and Welfare-to-Work Policies in Japan and the United States, Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, Vol.32, No.4. Gallagher,L.J., Gallagher, M., Perese, K., Schreiber, S. and Watson, K One Year after Federal Welfare Reform: A Description of State Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Decisions as of October 1997, The Urban Institute. ( Tanf2.pdf) Greenberg, M., Strawn, J. and Plimpton, L.(2000) State Opportunities to Provide Access to Postsecondary Education Under TANF, Center for Low and Social Policy. ( sed_2-00.pdf) Greenstein, R. and Guyer, J.(2001) Supporting Work through Medicaid and Food Stamps. in R.Blank and R.Haskins(eds.), The New World of Welfare, The Brookings Institution. Internal Revenue Service(IRS), U.S.Department of the Treasury (2006a) EITC Thresholds and Tax Law Updates ( 513,00.html) (2006b) Internal Revenue Service Data Book
13 Spring databk.pdf Karoly, L.A., Klerman, J.A., and Rogowski, J.A. (2001) Effects of the 1996 Welfare Reform Changes on the SSI Program, in R.Blank and R.Haskins(eds.), The New World of Welfare, The Brookings Institution. Mink, G.(2002) Welfare s End (Revised Edition), Cornell University Press. Myles, J. and Pierson, P.(1997) Friedman s Revenge: The Reform of Liberal Welfare States in Canada and the United States, Politics and Society, Vol.25, No.4. New York State Department of Labor(NYSDL) (2000) Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance, Local Commissioners Memorandum (OTDA-4037EL). ( Fs/lcm0020.pdf) Nightingale, D.S. and Brennan, K. (1998) The Welfare-to-Work Grants Program: A New Link in the Welfare Reform Chain, Urban Institute. ( Orloff, A.S. (2001) Farewell to Maternalism: Welfare Reform, Ending Entitlement for Poor Single Mothers, and Expanding the Claims of Poor Employed Parents. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association (San Francisco, August 30, 2001). Sawhill, I.V., Weaver, R. K., Haskins, R. and Kane, A.(eds.), (2002) Welfare Reform and Beyond: The Future of the Safety Net, The Brookings Institution. Schmidt, L., and Sevak, P.(2004) AFDC, SSI, and Welfare Reform Aggressiveness: Caseload Reductions versus Caseload Shifting. Journal of Human Resources, Vol.39, No.3. State Policy Documentation Project SPDP (2001) State Policies Regarding TANF Work Activities and Requirements, State Policy Documentation Project. ( Swartz, R. (2001) What is a Case in Post-Reform Wisconsin? : Reconciling Caseload with Workload, Hudson Institute, Welfare Policy Center. ( pdf) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS), Administration for Children and Families 2003 TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF) Fifth Annual Report to Congress. ( grams/ofa/annualreport5/index.htm) 2004 TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF) Sixth Annual Reportto Congress.( grams/ofa/annualreport6/ar6index.htm) U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)(2005) Indicators of Welfare Dependence : Annual Report to Congress, ( U.S. General Accounting Office(USGAO)(2002) States Provide TANF-Funded Work Support Services to Many Low-Income Families Who Do Not Receive Cash Assistance. in Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. ( items/d02615t.pdf) University Consortium on Welfare Reform (2002) Welfare Reform in Illinois: Is the Moderate Approach Working? : Illinois Family Study Second Annual Report. ( ipr/publications/papers/ifsyear2.pdf) Wiseman, M.(2000) Making Work for Welfare in the United States. in I.Lødemel and H.Trickey (eds.), An Offer You Can t Refuse : Workfare in International Perspective, The Policy Press.
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