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1 effectivités Huh Sookyeon an act of effective apprehension 5 No

2 6 effectivités 1 2 effectivités 2 2 disputes as to attribution of territory frontier or delimitation disputes No

3 ICJ 10 un contraste de genres une différence de degre dans la mise en œuvre de l opération considérée uti possidetis No

4 The continuous and peaceful display of territorial sovereignty peaceful in relation to other States is as good as a title No

5 l intention et la volonté d agir en qualité de souverain quelque manifestation ou exercice effectif de cette autorité 2 29 the relative strength of the titles No

6 32 33 the minimum of protection of which international law is the guardian No

7 effectivités 63 effectivité effectivité effec- No

8 tivité effectivités effectivités effectivités 44 effectivités effectivités No

9 45 63 effectivités effectivités effectivités everything short of title effectivités 46 effectivités effectivités effectivités effectivités effectivités effectivités 63 effectivités effectivités effectivités effectivités effectivités effectivités No

10 effectivités effectivités effectivités 63 2 effectivités effectivités á titre de souverain 57 No

11 58 effectivités effectivités 63 No

12 59 1 Island of Palmas Case Netherlands and U. S. A. 1928, Reports of International Arbitral Awards RIAA, Vol. II, p. 831 hereinafter Palmas Award, p R. Y. Jennings, The Acquisition of Territory in International Law 1963, p. 4; Ian Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law 6th ed., 2003, p. 129; Marcelo G. Kohen, Possession contestée et souveraineté territoriale 1997, pp entitlement Prosper Weil, The Law of Maritime Delimitation: Reflections Palmas Award, supra note 1, p Cf. Martti Koskenniemi, New Epilogue, in From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument 2006, p J. R. V. Prescott, Boundaries and Frontiers 1978, p. 40; M. Shaw, Title to Territory in Africa: International Legal Issues 1986, pp. 62, ; N. Hill, Claims to Territory in International Law and Relations 1945, p. 25; R. Jennings and A. Watts, Oppenheim s International Law, Vol. 1: PEACE, Part 2 to 4 9th ed., 1996, pp ; S. P. Sharma, Territorial Acquisition, Disputes and International Law 1997, pp ; Kohen, supra note 2, pp ; Charles de Visscher, Problemes de confins en droit international public 1969, p. 26; Réplique de M. Paul Reuter, Case Concerning the Temple of Preah Vihear, Plaidoireis, Documents, No

13 Correspondance, Vol. II 1962, p D. Bardonnet, Les frontieres terrestres et la relativité de leur trace, Recueil des Cours de l Academie de droit international RdC, tom , pp. 9, Reuter, supra note 7, p. 544; Giovanni Distefano, L ordre international entre légalité et effectivité 2002, p Différend frontalier, arrêt, CIJ Recueil 1986, p. 554 hereinafter Burkina Faso & Mali Case, p. 564, para Ibid., p. 563, para Sharma, supra note 7, p Lassa Oppenheim, International Law: A Treatise 1st ed., 1905, p. 266 sec Hersh Lauterpacht, Private Law Sources and Analogies of International Law 1927, pp ; Palmas Award, supra note 1, pp Ibid., p Ibid., p Ibid. 20 ibid., p Palmas Award, supra note 1, p Ibid., p Ibid., supra note 1, p. 866 et passim. 24 Legal Status of Eastern Greenland Denmark v. Norway, Permanent Court of International Justice PCIJ Reports Ser. A/ B, No. 53, 1933 hereinafter Greenland Case, p Palmas Award, supra note1, p. 866 et passim. 26 Greenland Case, supra note 24, pp Minquiers and Ecrehos, ICJ Reports 1953, p. 47 hereinafter Minquiers & Ecrehos, pp The Indo-Pakistan Western Boundary Rann of Kutch Case India v. Pakistan, Tribunal Constituted under an Agreement of the 30th June 1965 Chairman: Lagergren award delivered the 19th February 1968, RIAA, Vol. XVII, No. 5 hereinafter Kutch, pp Greenland Case, supra note 24, pp Palmas Award, supra note 1, pp Ibid. 32 Minquiers and Ecrehos, supra note 27, pp Palmas Award, supra note 1, p Ibid. 35 Eritrea-Yemen Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the First Stage of the Proceedings Territorial Sovereignty and Scope of the Dispute, RIAA, Vol. XXII 2002, p. 209 hereinafter Eritrea & Yemen, para Koskenniemi, supra note 6, pp , No

14 4 37 Jörg Fisch, International Law in the Expansion of Europe, Law and States: A Biannual Collection of Recent German Contributions to These Fields, Vol ; J. Fisch, Africa as terra nullius: The Berlin Conference and International Law, in Stig Föster, Wolfgang J. Mommsen, and Ronald E. Robinson eds., Bismarck, Europe, and Africa: The Berlin Africa Conference and the Onset of Partition 1988 ; Charles de Visscher, Théories et réalités en droit international public 1953, pp ; Georg Schwarzenberger, Title to Territory: Response to A Challenge, American Journal of International Law AJIL, Vol , p. 308; D. H. N. Johnson, Consolidation as a Root of Title in International Law, Cambridge Law Journal, Vol , p Koskenniemi, supra note 6, pp Burkina Faso & Mali Case, supra note 10, pp , para Steven R. Ratner, Drawing a Better Line: Uti Possidetis and the Borders of New States, AJIL, Vol , p. 590; Malcom N. Shaw, The Heritage of States: The Principle of Uti Possidetis Juris Today, British Yearbook of International Law BYIL, Vol , p Burkina Faso & Mali Case, supra note 10, p. 564, para Ibid., p. 586, para Ibid., p. 566, para. 23; Abi-Saab, Opinion individuelle, ibid., pp , para. 13; Torres Bernárdez, Dissenting Opinion, Délimitation maritime et questions territoriales entre Qatar et Bahreïn, fond, arrêt, CIJ Recueil 2001, pp. 40, 285, para Eritrea & Yemen, supra note Eritrea Ethiopia Boundary Commission, Press Statement dated March 13, 2006, RIAA, Vol. XXV, p Territorial and Maritime Dispute Nicaragua v. Colombia, ICJ Reports 2012, available at org/docket/files/124/17164.pdf. 50 Frontière terrestre et maritime entre le Cameroun et le Nigéria Cameroun c. Nigéria; Guinée équatoriale intervenant, arrêt, CIJ Recueil 2002, p. 303 hereinafter Cameroon & Nigeria Case. 51 Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan Indonesia v. Malaysia, Judgement, ICJ Reports 2002, p. 625 hereinafter Ligitan Sipadan Case. 52 Cameroon & Nigeria Case, supra note 50, p. 416, paras Ligitan Sipadan Case, supra note 51, p. 678, para Cameroon & Nigeria Case, supra note 50, pp , para Franck, Dissenting Opinion, Ligitan Sipadan Case, supra note 51, p. 696, para Ligitan Sipadan Case, supra note 51, p. 678, para Ibid., para. 141; Nicaragua/Columbia, supra note 50, para possessio animus Cf. W. W. Buckland and Arnold D. McNair, Roman Law and Common Law: A Comparison in Outline 2nd ed., 1965, p effectivités 2008 No

15 Sookyeon Huh, Title to Territory in the Post-colonial Era: Original Title and Terra Nullius in the ICJ Judgments on Cases Concerning Ligitan/Sipadan 2002 and Pedra Branca 2008, Jean Monnet Working Paper forthcoming. 59 Palmas Award, supra note 1, p No

565†i“â„³”††j

565†i“â„³”††j Sakamoto Shigeki 4 1 1997 34 40 27 52 12 without prejudice clause 1998 1996 9 2 EEZ 1974 7 3 EEZ EEZ No. 565 2007 10 15 EEZ EEZ 4 50 5 6 1982 1 1 2 1952 31905 1951 7 1616 80 1696 1905 2 1898 1943 No. 565