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1 CONTENTS

2

3 K

4 1. (Epidemiology) Human Symphonics

5 2 (HERPACC) ( ) , % 3

6 50 6 EBV 1 ( 2001 )

7 5 20~ ( ) ( 10 )

8 Ethnoepidemiology

9 11 DNA SNPs DNA DNA, Glu/Lys 90 Hp 7 EBV HTLV-1 T 2 12 Profile 7

10 8 2 ATBC Study (Alpha-Tocopherol Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention study) ,133 20mg VitE50mg % CARET(Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial) ,314 30mg 25,000IU 4 28 RNA 1 Lilienfeld AM and Lilienfeld DE: Foundations of Epidemiology. Pp , ~ WHO: 4 UICC: 5 IARC: Cancer Incidence in Five Continent, Volume VIII. Eds. D. M. Parkin et al., IARC Scientific Publications Press, Lyon, ~ ~ Tajima K and Sonoda S: Ethnoepidemiology, a New Paradigm, for Studying Cancer Risk Factors and Prevention Strategy. Gann Monogr Cancer Research 44 "Ethnoepidemiology of Cancer" eds Tajima K and Sonoda S, PP 3-12, ~

11 ) t-pa

12 Profile ( ) ( )

13 2 3 11

14 Vol.2 Morizane Toshio Baseline graph ( ), L Abbe graph Funnel plot ( ) Baseline graph 95 L'Abbe graph 45 Funnel plot 95 Forest plot Review Manager Forest plot 2 2 Peto Forest plot 1 3 Review Manager Dlmond MIX Metaanalysis with Interactive explanations URL 12

15 Review Manager (RevMan) Review Manager Review Manager 3 Tables Characteristics of included studies Add study 1 Study ID Forest Plot Save Mark Change Don t record OK OK Mark change OK 5 Comparisons and data Dichotomous OK 5 Data type Group Description Group labels 3 Review Manager Tables Characteristics of included studies Study ID 6 Tables Comparisons and data Add Description 4 OK Add sub-category study Study OK 7 7 Study 4. Characteristics of included studies Study ID Add

16 model Random effects model OK Tables Comparisons and data Analyses 11 Summary 8 Study Close 9 11 Summary 5 Study Forest plot 12 9 Study Study Edit Treatment Control Save Close Edit Settings 10 Statistical Dichotomous statistical method Peto odds ratio, Odds ratio, Relative risk, Risk difference Fixed effects Detail Forest plot 95 MIX Meta-analysis with Interactive explanations MIX MIX Microsoft Excel Excel 2007 The MIX Program Tour MIX File Help 2 File Start 13 Start Data wizard OK Data wizard Next Excel Excel 14

17 13 Start 16 Group size n[e] Data wizard CSV Next Data Wizard Data wizard Excel/CSV Outcome type Dichotomous Set CSV Excel Load 16 Range selection # of studies 5 Exposed 17 Excel Range selection Study dates OK Numerical output Data set details (static)

18 MIX Analysis Association measure 19 MIX Graphical output 19 Analysis Weighting method 20 Inverse variance General variance-based Inverse variance + t (RE) t 23 MIX Forest plot Rate difference Mantel-Haenszel Numerical output Meta-analysis z P Q P Numerical output 22 Graphical output Standard forest plot Forest plot 1 1 Hyperpopulation Hyperparameter Exponential e 16

19 7 24 (OR) 95 SE, standard error ˆ = ln(or) SE = ln(95% /95% ) 24 ORgt1.1 <- 1-step(1.1-OR) # P(OR < 1.3 Data): ORlt1.3 <- step(1.3-or) #... requests for more tail areas if desired... } DATA list (k=7, lambda.hat=c(0.174,0.336,0.788,0.166,-0.020,0.140,0.525), se=c(0.054,0.143,0.577,0.108,0.125,0.253,0.233)) INITIAL VALUES list(tau.lambda=1) WinBUGS OR= WinBUGS ˆ SE Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) WinBUGS (Bayesian inference Using Gibbs Sampling, WinBUGS Gibbs sampler 12) MODEL { # HyperPrior: No Prior Knowledge of Consensus ln(or) mu.lambda ~ dnorm(0,.001) tau.lambda ~ dgamma(.001,.001) sigma.lambda <- 1/sqrt(tau.lambda) # Prior: Distribution of lambda s for individual studies for (i in 1:k){lambda[i]~dnorm(mu.lambda,tau.lambda)} #Approximate Normal Likelihood of Observed Data for (i in 1:k) { tau.hat[i] <- 1/(se[i]*se[i]) lambda.hat[i] ~ dnorm(lambda[i],tau.hat[i]) } # Posterior Tail Probs for the Consensus Odds Ratio OR <- exp(mu.lambda) # P(OR > 1.0 Data): ORgt1.0 <- 1-step(1.0-OR) # P(OR > 1.1 Data): 1) Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF: Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses. Lancet 1999;354: ) Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB: Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting Meta-analysis OF Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA 2000;283: ) Berlin JA, Laird NM, Sacks HS, Chalmers TC: A comparison of statistical methods for combining event rates from clinical trials. Stat Med 1989; 8: ) Stangl DK, Berry DA, eds.: Meta-analysis in medicine and health policy. 2000, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, USA. 5) Sacks HS, et al: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. N Engl J Med 1987;316: ) Nissen SE, Wolski K: Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med. 2007;356: PMID: ) Diamond GA, Bax L, Kaul S: Uncertain Effects of Rosiglitazone on the Risk for Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Death. Ann Intern Med 2007;147: PMID: ) Mulrow CD, Cornell JE, Russell Localio AR: Rosiglitazone: A Thunderstorm from Scarce and Fragile Data. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147: ) Bradburn MJ, Deeks JJ, Berlin JA, Russell Localio A: Much ado about nothing: a comparison of the performance of meta-analytical methods with rare events. Stat Med. 2007;26: PMID: ) ) EBM ) Woodworth GG:Biostatistics: A Bayesian introduction. 2004, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Heboken, New Jersey, USA. 17

20 Profile C Caenorhabditis elegans Washington University Robert Waterston 3 Waterston 18

21 3 5 7 UCLA

22 MRC Sydney Brenner RNA RNA Sydney Brenner 21 C

23 NEW PROJECT 19 9 IMIC IMIC ( ) 1 2 ( ) SLS IMIC 1 21

24 SLS 2 2 SLS 22

25 PUCC / SLS IMIC PUCC SLS 3 SLS 4 SLS 23

26 IMIC 10 CEATEC KANSAI SLS 5 SLS ?? 3!!! 1 T.H. 24

27 OL 10 7 ( ) 3 Vol TEL / FAX henshu@imic.or.jp TEL / FAX

28

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