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Research, 3, 91-106.) Theoretical Review of Assertiveness Inventories: Issuesin the Measurement of Four Theoretical Dimensions ASAMI WATANABE (INSTITUTE OF COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA) JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2006, 54, 420-433 The present review examined differences between the theoretical concept of assertiveness and its conceptualization for purposes of measurement. The theoretical concept of assertiveness includes 4 dimensions: open expression of thoughts and feelings, expressions uninfluenced by emotion, flexible reactions based on consideration for others and the situation, and independent judgments of behavior. Existing assertiveness inventories, classified into 4 groups on the basis of the topics measured, were found not to measure these 4 dimensions adequately. In addition, the factors of the existing inventories were found to be based on behavioral conceptualizations. Existing inventories fail to measure the 4 dimensions of the theoretical concept of assertiveness adequately because the inventories focus only on the behavioral aspects of assertiveness. The present review proposes that if assertiveness inventories included measurement of the cognitive and emotional aspects of assertiveness in addition to its behavioral aspects, they would be able to measure the 4 dimensions of assertiveness. At the same time, measurement of the concept of assertiveness should become more complex. It should be possible to measure assertiveness in accord with its theoretical conceptualization. Key Words: assertiveness, assertiveness inventories, cognitive aspects of assertiveness, emotional aspects of assertiveness, behavioral aspects of assertiveness