KANDA TUFS The Development of the KANDA TUFS English Modules: the Significance and Characteristics SEKIYA Yasushi, YAZU Norie and MURPHY Philip This is an introductory article which describes the background, the process of the development and the features of the KANDA TUFS English Modules Dialog, a free online learning website which depicts the linguistic and cultural differences in major English varieties of the world. We first point out the diversification of English varieties observed in educational institutions in Japan where American English is basically regarded as the norm, and then give an outline of the studies of World Englishes, a field of Sociolinguistics that has been studied extensively by researchers worldwide in the last few decades. Finally, we explain the features and functions of the English Modules and conclude by giving a brief summary of the articles that follow. KANDA TUFS World Englishes 1. 1
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KANDA TUFS Vowel Shifts of English 15 18 Great Vowel Shift Northern Cities Vowel Shift Canadian Shift Jacques Durand, Sylvain Navarro, Cécile Viollain R -sandhi in English: how to constrain theoretical approaches R nonrhotic 19 /r/ /r/ linking-r 20 /r/ intrusive-r 21 Durand Phonologie de l Anglais Contemporain PAC /r/ /r/ 3.4. 5 13
2 2015 J. K. B 24320106 1 2014 42 JET 28 4,101 JET Programme JET 2014 8 23 http://www. jetprogramme.org/j/introduction/history.html 2 English Language Institute ELI ELI 1989 4 73 ELI ELI Learning Advisor: 284 3 2013:128 4 14
KANDA TUFS 2002 p. 52 61 Milroy & Milroy prescription Milroy & Milroy 2000 p. 1 5 ALT 2013 8 1 2013 6 B. B. Kachru, The Other Tongue Chicago: Illinois University Press, 1982 Peter Trudgill and Jean Hannah, International English: A Guide to Varieties of Standard English London: Edward Arnold, 1982 World Englishes 1981 7 B. B. Kachru, Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle, in R. Quirk & H. Widdowson, eds., English in the World Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985 12. 8 2010 8 50 20 40 10 Statistics Singapore 2010 2015 9 Jennifer Jenkins, 2003, World Englishes: A Resource Book for Students, London: Routledge, 2003 ; Braj. B. Kachru et al., eds., The Handbook of World Englishes Cambridge: Blackwell, 2006 ; Andy Kirkpatrick, World Englishes Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007 10 http://www.jafae.org 11 1999 2006 12 2003 World Englishes 2012 2008 13 2014 11 13 TOEIC TOEIC 15
2 2015 14 1998:6 15 2013 21,100 15,331 9,745 8,617 31,038 20,444 17,948 7,132 http://www.jetro.go.jp/world/asia/ 16 http://www.jetro.go.jp/world/asia/in/#business 17 2014 18 ELI University of Toronto National University of Singapore 2014 University College Dublin 19 car cart /r/ R rhotic r-full /r/ R non-rhotic r-less 20 /r/24. your own house r your own r 21 /r/38. awe of awe of /r/ Jenkins, Jennifer 2009. World Englishes: A Resource Book for Students, London: Routledge. Kachru, B. B. 1982. The Other Tongue, Chicago: Illinois University Press. Kachru, B. B. 1985. Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English 16
KANDA TUFS language in the Outer Circle, in R. Quirk and H. Widdowson eds., English in the World pp. 11 30. Cambridge University Press. Kachru, B. B. et al., eds.2006. The Handbook of World Englishes, Cambridge: Blackwell. Kirkpatrick, Andy 2007. World Englishes, Cambridge University Press. Milroy, James & Lesley Milroy 2000. Authority in Language, London: Routledge. Statistics Singapore 2010. Table 47: Resident Population Aged 5 Years and Over by Age Group and Language Most Frequently Spoken at Home, Census of population 2010, Department of Statistics Singapore. Statistics Singapore 2014. Latest data- Population & land area, Department of Statistics Singapore. Trudgill, Peter & Jean Hannah 2008. International English: A guide to Varieties of Standard English 5 th edition, London: Hodder Education. 2014 TUFS KANDA 17 127 146 2002 7 49 73 1998 2014 34 37 56 2015 24 26 B 59 75 2013 16 124 132 17