Okuwaki Naoya 1 13 1963 1970 1971 1973 1979 1980 1988 SUA 1988 1988 1991 1997 1999 2005 1 2001 9 maritime terrorism SUA 2005 NBC aut dedere aut punire crime heaven 2 No. 583 2009 7 8 20
international comity 2 1 No. 583 2009 7 8 21
right of approach 3 2 hostis humani generis 4 5 6 outlaw 7 piracy jus gentium piracy by municipal law UNCLOS for private ends 2 two-boat situation 8 9 No. 583 2009 7 8 22
armed robbery against ships 10 11 12 13 2 14 self-contained unit No. 583 2009 7 8 23
15 2 suicidal bomber Santa Maria Achille Lauro 16 PLO 17 NATO 18 2 2 19 heinousness SUA No. 583 2009 7 8 24
Cole 9 11 1368 2001 all necessary steps 2000 10 2002 10 2 20 2004 4 2800 9 11 21 PSI: Proliferation Security Initiative CSI Container Security Initiative 22 Initiative No. 583 2009 7 8 25
SOLAS 23 3 SUA 1988 SUA SUA 3 SUA 24 SUA 4 SUA SUA rogue state failed states 2005 SUA No. 583 2009 7 8 26
25 NBC 3 2 NBC NBC GPS So San 26 reasonable suspicion the first Party 8 bis 1 27 28 4 29 IMO 4 SUA 30 No. 583 2009 7 8 27
31 PSI 9 Ship Boarding Agreement 32 FOC 2 4 SUA SUA interdiction SUA SUA NBC No. 583 2009 7 8 28
SUA 33 IMO reasonable suspicion 1 HP http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/terro/pdfs/kyoryoku_04_2.pdf 2 sectorial approach T. Treves, The Rome Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, in N. Ronzitti, Maritime Terrorism and International Law, Martinus Nijhoff, 1990, at p. 70; E. McWhinney, Aerial Piracy and International Terrorism: The Illegal Diversion of Aircraft and International Law, 2nd ed., Kluwer, 1987, at p. 133. 3 UNCLOS right of approach right of visit visit and search right of search, right of visit and search right of visit O Connell right of visit visit and search D. P. O Connell, The International Law of the Sea, Bk. 2, ed. by I. A. Shearer, Oxford University Press, 1982, p. 802 L. B. Sohn, Comment: Peacetime Use of Force on the High Seas, International Law Studies: The Law of Naval Operations, Vol. 64, Naval War College, 1990, pp. 38 59 4 inferior communities Cicero hostis humani generis No. 583 2009 7 8 29
Gentilli Grotius open sea 17 treason Alfred Rubin, The Law of Piracy, 2nd ed., Transnational, 1998, at pp. 7 67. 5 privateer 6 1994 31 7 B. H. Dubner, The Law of International Sea Piracy, Martinus Nijhoff, 1980, esp. at p. 3; Edwin D. Dickinson, Is the Crime of Piracy Obsolete? Harverd Law Review, Vol. 38 1925, p. 350. 8 UNCLOS110 policing 9 Harvard Research Group Draft Convention hot pursuit Harvard Research in International Law, Draft Convention on Piracy with Comments, American Journal of International Law AJIL, Vol. 26 1932, Supp., pp. 739 et seq., Harvard Research Group Draft 10 1816 1851 7 11 Harvard Research Group, Draft Convention on Piracy 1932, Art. 30; Dubner, op. cit. 7, at pp. 55, 90. UNCLOS M. Harberstam, Terrorism on High Seas: The Achille Lauro, Piracy and the IMO Convention of Maritime No. 583 2009 7 8 30
Safety, AJIL, Vol. 82 1988, pp. 287 288 12 Samuel P. Menefee, Piracy, Terrorism and the Insurgent Passenger: A Historical and Legal Perspective, in Ronzitti, op. cit. 2, at pp. 43 et seq., pp. 55 56 13 1 2009 49 14 safety 15 private ends Zou Keyuan, Implementing the UNCLOS in East Asia: Issues and Trends, Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 9 2005, p. 44; Eric Barrios, Casting a Wider Net: Addressing the Maritime Piracy Problem in South East Asia, Boston College International and Comparative Law Review, Vol. 28 2005, p. 156; G. Constantinople, Note: Toward a New Definition of Piracy: The Achille Lauro Incident, Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 26 1986, p. 748 Dubner, Piracy in Contemporary National and International Law, California Western International Law Journal, Vol. 21 1990, p. 143; Menefee, Yo heave Ho!: Updating America s Piracy Law, ibid., pp. 161 162; J. Noyes, An Introduction to the International Law of Piracy, ibid., p. 109 16 Menefee, op. cit. 12, pp. 56 59. 17 PLO PLO Law of Nations piracy jus gentium Gerald McGinley, The Achille Lauro Affair Implications for International Law, Tennessee Law Review, Vol. 52 1985, p. 700 18 Ibid., pp. 59 61. 19 2 2 Menefee, op. cit. 12, at pp. 60 61 20 Sea Shepherd 21 Justin Mellor, Missing the Boat: The Legal and Practical Problems of the Prevention of Maritime Terrorism, American University International Law Review, Vol. 18 2002 2003, pp. 341 et seq., containerization pp. 347 361. 22 PSI No. 583 2009 7 8 31
2004 PSI 1279 2004 52 62 PSI Statement of Interdiction Principles 2003 9 4 1 WMD 4 23 24 SUA likely to endanger the safety of navigation could endanger de nature à compromettre Treves, op. cit. 2, at pp. 77 78. 25 SUA 2005 32 47 http://nippon.zaidan.info/seikabutsu/2004/00503/contents/0009.htm 2009 49 50 26 2002 12 27 Natalie Klein, The Right of Visit and the 2005 Protocol on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, Vol. 35 2007, pp. 287 et seq., esp. at pp. 324 325. 28 8 bis safety and security 29 4 30 8 bis 5 opt-in 31 ship-riders agreement Contact Group on Somali Piracy No. 583 2009 7 8 32
Exchange of Notes on Co-operation in the Suppression of Unlawful Importation of Narcotic Drugs into the United States 1981 William Gilmore, Narcotics Interdiction at Sea: UK-US Cooperation, Marine Policy, Vol. 13 1989, at pp. 218 et seq. 1924 Convention Respecting the Liquor Traffic 32 UNCLOS110 1 b PSI 33 2007 85 No. 583 2009 7 8 33