Case Study Efforts and Issues to Improve Aid Coordination and Effectiveness in Cambodia * Yoko KONISHI 1970 NGO OECD/DAC 2006 5 ABSTRACT Cambodia still remains one of the Least Developing Countries (LDCs) due to its legacy of genocide during the Pol Pot regime and the following civil war that lasted until the 1990s. In this context, external assistance from the international community and NGOs has been playing a significant role in improving human development and reducing poverty in Cambodia. However, those supports have been subject for donor trends with low government ownership, the * UNDP 14
government has had difficulties in meeting various donor procedures, and sustained capacity development has not yet been realized. Since its participation of OECD/DAC exercise for harmonization, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) and its development partners have been making efforts for harmonization and alignment of development cooperation. With the formulation of the National Strategic Development Strategy 2006-2010, the Strategic Framework for Development Cooperation Management, and the newly restructured aid coordination dialogue mechanism, the RGC aims to achieve its own poverty reduction and Cambodian Millennium Development Goals more effectively. This paper examines the background of that effort, and discusses issues impacting improved aid coordination and aid effectiveness in Cambodia. There are several challenges to meeting such objectives in Cambodia; these include linking planning to budgeting processes, shifting the support from policy alignment to system alignment (including supporting credible public financial management system), streamlining the aid coordination window and installing an effective institutional arrangement with key ministries, supporting enhanced and coordinated capacity development and civil service reform, promoting managing for results and mutual accountability, delegating authority from the donor HQ to the field offices and reviewing internal incentive frameworks for aid coordination, and finally, creating behavior and an approach that considers the host country s culture and effective aid dialogue. 177 130 UNDP 2005 1 GDP 441 IMF 2006a Least Developing Countries: LDC 1994 2002 6.7% 2005 13.4% IMF 2006b 35% 1 1992 2005 6267 CDC/CRDB 2006 ODA 2004 12 504 2006 3 601 2004 551 2005 629 CDC/CRDB 2006 2 1 ODA 37.9 GDP ODA 12% ODA UNDP 2005 1975 79 1 100 1990 3 1980 NGO 1991 15
I 1992 Consultative Group: CG CG CG 1999 3 CG 5 4 5 ASEAN ASEAN 23 17 NGO 1600 NGO OECD/DAC 2000 4 CG A New Development Cooperation Partnership Paradigm for Cambodia 1990 OECD/DAC OECD/DAC 6 OECD/DAC Hubbard, M. 2002 2002 16
II 1 1996-2000 Socioeconomic Development Plan: SEDP Asian Development Bank: ADB 2 2001-2005 Second Socio-economic Development Plan: SEDP II Comprehensive Development Framework: CDF Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: PRSP National Poverty Reduction Strategy: NPRS 2003-2005 Cambodian Millennium Development Goals: CMDGs 2003 JICA 2001 2003 Cambodia People's Party: CPP 3 2 1 ADB DFID 17
UNDAF Quadripartite Initiative 1 2004 7 The Rectangular Strategy RGC 2004 7 National Strategic Development Plan: NSDP 2006-2010 NSDP NSDP 1 12 8 SEDP II NPRS NSDP 1 NSDP 2007 3 NSDP NSDP 3 Public Investment Program: PIP Medium Term Expenditure Framework: MTEF 2006 CG PIP 2006-2008 2006 NSDP NSDP MTEF PIP RGC 2006 NSDP 9 NGO NGO OECD/DAC ODA 18
III 2002 6 CG 10 OECD/DAC 11 12 13 3 2004 1 1 CDC Council for Development of Cambodia /CRDB Cambodian Rehabilitation and Development Board = / 2004 9 CG 17 Technical Working Group: TWG 14 TWG TWG Government-Donor Coordination Committee: GDCC CDC CRDB TWG TOR Joint Monitoring Indicators: JMIs CG 15 GDCC 2006 3 CG NSDP 2006-2010 NSDP 2010 NSDP NSDP CG Strategic Framework for Development Cooperation NSDP 19
NSDP 2005 3 5 2006-2010 16 2006 17 GDCC CDC/CRDB TWG GDCC TWG TWG TWG TWG CRDB 2006 TWG IV 3 PIP NSDP MTEF MTEF NSDP ODA NSDP PIP 20
MTEF CDC/CRDB NSDP 2006 2006 2010 5 3500 700 2500 ODA NSDP ODA NSDP Quadripartite Initiative NSDP 18 19 ADB Standard Operation Procedures 20 CDC/CRDB CDC/CRDB Strategic Framework for Development Cooperation Management 2006 1 Council of Ministers 21
CDC/CRDB 21 UNDP NZAID DFID CIDA AusAID JICA 2007 1 CDC/CRDB CDC/CRDB 2007 800 22 23 Capacity Development Technical Cooperation 24 25 Project Management/Implementation Unit: PMU/PIU 2006 PMU/PIU 10 PIU PIU Strategy 1 26 NGO NGO Andersen, O.W., T. Lindqvist, and J.Nielsen 2002 27 28 29 22
2004 CG 2005 6 Public Administrative Reform TWG Council for Administrative Reform: CAR AusAID DANIDA UNDP 2 TWG TWG TWG 1 Merit-based Pay Initiative: MBPI NGO CG IMF CG GDCC NGO 30 NSDP CG 2005 3 CG CG GDCC 2007 CG Cambodia Development Cooperation Forum TWG 23
OECD/DAC 2006 Asia Foundation 2005 V 2006 32 OECD/DAC 31 UNDP UNDP JICA UNDP Philip Courtnadge DFID Helen Appleton Ann Lund 1 Ministry of Planning 2004 World Bank 2006 IMF 2006b 1 2100 24
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