IEEJ: 2005 7 * ** *** **** ***** 2003 3 46MJ/m 3 45MJ/m 3 1 2003 11 Blending 3545MJ/m 3 3036MJ/m 3 2 45 55MJ/m 3 4045MJ/m 3 4 44.046.5MJ/m 3 52.757.8 MJ/m 3 LNG 43.045.5 MJ/m 3 0/ 15/1 LNG * ** *** **** ***** 1 2 1
IEEJ: 2005 7 60 55 50 45 40 35 Be L F L Nl L De L Be H Dk De H F H It NL H Sp UK Minimum value Maximum value Usual values Min L Max L Max H & E Min H Min E Wobbe number (MJ/m3 15 C/15 C)) Transmission System EASEE-gas European Association for the Streamlining of Energy Exchange-gas EASEE-gas 2002 3 Common Business Practice EASEE-gas North American Energy Standards Gas Industry Standards Board, GISB EASEE-gas 2004 3 70 4 12 Associate 3 4 2
IEEJ: 2005 7 2002 2 5 LNG GTEGas Transmission Europe 10 6 GTE 6 H-gas GTE Combustion Properties GCV GTE EASEE-gas EASEE-gas 5 2005 2 13.6015.81kWh/m 3 48.9656.92MJ/m 3 25 0 1 0.5550.700 30mg/Nm 3 H 2 S COS S 5mg/Nm 3 S 6mg/Nm 3 0.01mol % 2.5mol -8 70bar 69atm -2 170bar 1990 1993 105 FC 3 L-mark H-mark 5 3
IEEJ: 2005 7 E-mark L-mark H-mark E-mark St.FergusTeessideEasington TheddlethorpeBactonBarrow NTSNational Transmission SystemLTSLocal Transmission System 7bar 7kgf/cm 2 National Grid Transco Transco LTS St.Fergus Teeside Barrow Easington Theddlethorpe Bacton Shipper Supplier Transco 4
IEEJ: 2005 7 St.Fergus Bacton 38.541.5 MJ/m 3 St.Fergus4041.5MJ/m 3 Easington38.138.7 MJ/m 3 Bacton38.238.6 MJ/m 3 St. Fergus 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% UK Calorific Value 2003 37 38 39 40 41 42 GCV, MJ/m3(st) 1996 GSMRGas Safety Management Regulation Hydrocarbon Dewpoint British Gas GSMR Transco 36.9-42.3MJ/ 3 Wobbe 47.20-51.41MJ/ 3 47.20-51.41MJ/ 3 50mg/ 3 50mg/ 3 0.1 mol 0.1 mol 5mg/ 3 5mg/ 3 0.2 mol 0.001 mol 0.48 0.48 0.60 0.60 / 2 10 85barg 7 CO 2 2 N 2 8 1.5mg/m 3 5 /g 5
IEEJ: 2005 7 Ofgas Ofgem 1996 The Gas Calculation of Thermal Energy Regulations 1997 Transco 13 Charging Zone Transco Shipper Supplier SupplierShipper Charging Zone Calorific Value Eastern 39.5 East Midlands 39.8 Northern 40.6 North East 40.6 North Thames 39.6 North West 39.7 Scotland 40.4 South East 39.0 Southern 39.7 South West 39.7 West Midlands 39.7 Wales North 39.7 Wales South 39.7 Scottish Independents 38.3 Stornoway 93.0 Stranraer 39.6 Stornoway LPG 1MJ/m 3 Declared CV 1996 Transco 6
IEEJ: 2005 7 66 1,000 134 38.2MJ/ m 3 1mcm 40.2MJ/ m 3 6mcm 39.8MJ/ m 3 39.6MJ/ m 3 3mcm 38.0MJ/m 3 38.2MJ/m 3 38.2139.6340.26 136 39.8MJ/m 3 38.2+139.2MJ/m 3 10 Leakage 40% Theft 8% Metering inaccuracies 7% CV Change 30% Compressor fuel 14% Pre-heater fuel 1% GWh Thousands 8 6 4 2 0 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 10 5060 LNG ExxonMobil LNG Balgzand Bacton GSMR Department of Trade and Industry, DTI Ofgem HSE 3 Phase Study 2003 6 GSMR LNG GSMR 7
IEEJ: 2005 7 1991 4,000 British Gas 1978 1991 1,200 4,200 LNG 1020 GSMR 3 Phase Study Full Study Appliance Survey Full Study Appliance Survey 2005 Public Consultation DTIOfgem HSE 2005 140 80% 120 70% 60% 100 50% 80 40% 60 30% 40 20% 20 10% 0 0% 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 UKCS UKCS Upside Existing Imports Additional Import Requirement (bcm per annum) Demand Import Requirement 8
IEEJ: 2005 7 Lacq LNG 14 1/4 9.9Bcm11 3 Taisnières Gournay Gaz de France GdF GdF Virtual Mixing EU GdF 2005 1 UK Taisnières Gournay LNG DTI LNG Shipper GdF LNG 9 Wobbe 50MJ/m 3 48.352.8 MJ/m 3 43 MJ/m 3 4650MJ/m 3 5152 MJ/m 3 53.8 MJ/m 3
IEEJ: 2005 7 Zeebrugge Fos-sur-Mer CRE GdF THT GdF Unit H-type 10.712.8 10.712.8 kwh/m 3 L-type 9.510.5 9.510.5 kwh/m 3 Wobbe H-type 13.415.7 kwh/m 3 L-type 11.813.0 kwh/m 3 Instant 15 15 mg/m 3 Monthly 7 7 mg/m 3 THT 1540 mg/m 3-5 -5-150 -150 mg/m 3 10
IEEJ: 2005 7 60 Gas Quality Area 6 GdF 1MJ/m 3 GdF 60 4 100km 20 Indigenous Production Exports Total Consumption Imports Stock Changes British Gas The Gas Calculation of Thermal Energy Regulations 2007 E EASEE-gas LNG GdF LNG 6 11
IEEJ: 2005 7 G-gas Gasunie G-gas H-gas 2 L-gas Gasunie GTSGastransport Services 3 Compressor Station 8 Blending Station 9 150 m 3 LNG 1 2 NorgGrijpskerk 1 Alkmaar 3 3 24 m 3 Amsterdam LNG Rotterdam 12
IEEJ: 2005 7 Shipper Groningen GTS Shipper Gasunie Trade&Supply Gasunie G-gas N 2 15 CH 4 81 GCV 35.2 MJ/Nm 3 43.9 MJ/m 3 0 1 L-gas G-gas LDC G-gas G-gas L-gas H-gas H-gas [Bcm/y] 14.2 4.4 4 13.2 8.6 GTS GTS 30.036.5 MJ/Nm 3 37.0 45.0 MJ/Nm 3 GTS 30.036.5MJ/Nm 3 37.045.0MJ/Nm 3 Wobbe 38.946.5MJ/Nm 3 47.056.7MJ/Nm 3 O 2 0.1volume % CO 2 8.0volume % Aromatic Compound 0.0223mol % H 2 S 5mg/m 3 Mercaptan 15mg/m 3 20mg/m 3 Water Dewpoint -8 5mg/m 3 050 80.0bar 13
IEEJ: 2005 7 Shipper GTSGastransport Services blending GTS GTS Shipper GTS A B Shipper X B A Shipper Y Shipper 1 H-gas Line G-gas Line Shipper 2 Shipper X B H-gas Line A G-gas Line Shipper Y Shipper X A B Shipper Y B A 14
IEEJ: 2005 7 GTS GTS City Gate 98 15 GTS 11 13 3 1 1 1 3 2 Method 1 1 1 1 7 15
IEEJ: 2005 7 Method 1 Method 2 0.4% 0-Flow 0-Flow 1 2 0-Flow A B EASEE-gas EASEE-gas Gasunie Office of Energy Regulation; Dte Brattle Group 20036 Wholesale Gas Competition in the Netherlands and Implications for Phase III Customers H-gas G-gas 1 H-gas GTS G-gas H-gas G-gas GasunieGTS G-gas G-gas H-gas G-gas H-gas 16
IEEJ: 2005 7 ANREl Paso NGPLNatural Gas Pipeline Company of America TexasEasternTranscontinental 8 17
IEEJ: 2005 7 1990 LDC City gate Southern Natural Gas Co. Aiken 1020Btu/scf 0.370.74MJ/m 3 200 13.0g/Mcf 10 0.65g/Mcf CO 2 3 3 7 3,180g/1,000Mcf 5 950Btu/ft 3 1,04050Btu Aiken 1,02025Btu 1,090Btu 1,050Btu Elba Island Blending Station 1,035Btu Processing Plant (Toca) LDC LDC Nicor Gas Citygate 2005 15 2026Btu/scf 0.751.0MJ/m 3 Southern Natural Gas 18
IEEJ: 2005 7 Alliance ANR NGPL Panhandle Eastern Pipeline Midwestern Gas Transmission Pipeline Nicor Gas Btu/scf 12 9 9 19
IEEJ: 2005 7 LNG Interchangeability LNG Hydrocarbon DewpointHDP FERC 2004 2 Natural Gas Interchangeability Conference LNG LDC Gas Technology InstituteGTI LNG Natural Gas Council 10 20052 Natural Gas Interchangeability and Non-Combustion End Use Liquid Hydrocarbon Drop Out in Natural Gas Infrastructure 2 LNG Dropout FERC 2004 2 Natural Gas Interchangeability Conference Natural Gas Council GTI 2005 2 FERC Natural Gas Interchangeability Conference FERC Docket LNG Elba Island LNG 4 Southern LNG Shell 2001 4 2002 Phase 1 LNG GTI LNG Phase 2 Study 10 20
IEEJ: 2005 7 LDC 3 Phase Study LNG 10 20 GSMR 3 Phase study EASEE-gas Charging Area GTI GTI LNG LNG 21
IEEJ: 2005 7 3 LNG LPG LNG 13A 11 NO X SO X 12 LNG LNG 3 LNG H-gas LDC LDC LNG LPG 11 12 22
IEEJ: 2005 7 23 LNG DTI GSMR GTI Phase 2 Study LNG NOx DTI GSMR GTI Phase 2 Study
IEEJ: 2005 7 24 LNG LNG LNG