7 1979 2 / 1925 54 1979 4 ( Islamic Republic of Iran 1 / 2 2 1,322 3 2 1960 1970 UAE 1 1 2 5 http://www.salamiran.org/iraninfo/state/constitution/ 2 ( Persian Gulf ) ( Arabian Gulf ) 3 2004 7 3 = () 2004 7 5 1
7 4 ( Council of Guardians ) Islamic Consultative Assembly - Majlis ( Expediency Council ) ( Foreign Investment Promotion & Protection Act ) 2 4 62 63 94 96 98 115 5 45 6 2
7 OPEC) 7 () 35 (1998) 3
7 OPEC UAE Haves Have-nots Haves GCC 8 ( ) 9 () 1993 4
7 OPEC 10 Fereidun Fesharaki Iran s Oil Industry: The Next Phase (FACTS Inc., 2003) (Middle East Economic Survey, 2003 5 12 ) 11 () (2001 8 ) () (2003 6 ) 5
7 NIORDC (2005 ) 2001 1990 2 14 NIOC = 12 Arab Oil & Gas 2004 6 16 13 (2004 5 ) 14 The Arab Petroleum Research Center Arab Oil & Gas Directory 2002 15 2004 15 16 The 8 th Annual IIES Conference Energy Security & Emerging Challenges (2003 11 2930 ) (Middle East Economic Survey,2003 12 8 ) 6
7 OPEC The Supreme Energy Council ) Majlis Petroleum Committee ) ( Minister of Petroleum ) ( Minister of Energy ) ( Head of the Atomic Energy Agency ) Hojjatoleslam Sayyed Mohammad Khatami-Ardakani) (Gholamreza Aghazadeh) (Masoomeh Ebtekar) = (Mohammad Satari-Far) = (Bijan Namdar-Zanganeh) (Habibollah Bitaraf) 17 () (2001/2002vol IV) Arab Oil & Gas Directory 2002 7
7 (Tahamasb Mazaheri) = (Mohammad Shariat-Madari) (Eshaq Jahangiri) ( National Iranian Oil Company - NIOC) 18 * ( National Iranian Gas Company - NIGC) * ( National Iranian Petrochemical Company - NPC) * ( National Iranian Oil Refining & Distribution Company NIORDC) 18 National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Organization Chart NIOC 8
7 NIOC ( ) NIOC Administrative & Financial Supporting Affairs of Oil Ministry 19 OPEC NIOC NIOC 20 NIOC 19 National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Members of the Board NIOC The Arab Petroleum Research Center ( ) 20 OPEC 2004 2 9
7 OPEC OPEC OPEC NIOC ( Iranian Institute for International Energy Studies IIES) NIOC 21 50/50 NIOC 1957 NIOC 1966 10 NIOC 22 1987 23 1989 1990 ( Buyback Contracts ) ( Buyback Investment Methodology ) 21 ( ) 22 ( ) 43 8 23 () 2000 10
7 1995 Risk-service contracts ( Concession Agreements ) ( Production-Sharing Agreements - PSA) NIOC 1517 NIOC ( in kind ) 24 24 () 2000 11
7 ENI 25 2003 NIOC 26 NIOC 2004 4 27 NIOC 28 2004 7 29 1995 1997 1996 ( Iran-Libya Sanctions Act ILSA) ILSA 30 ILSA 2001 5 2002 2003 1 51 ( Energy Charter Treaty ) 25 Middle East Economic Survey (2004 31 ) 26 = Weekly Petroleum Argus 2004 5 3 27 Middle East Economic Survey (2004 5 17 ) 28 29 () 2004 30 ( ) 12
7 31 2~3 ILSA 31 ( ) 32 () (2004 6 8 ) 13
7 * ( ) CNG 10 30 INPEX NIOC Naftiran Intertrade Co.(NICO)3 80km 1999 260 3060 40 bpd 33 2000 11 ( ) 14
7 34 35 NIOC Naftiran Intertrade Co.(NICO) (*25%) * Participation Interests 40 5 bpd ILSA ILSA 34 2000 10 35 3 2004 2 18 15
7 ILSA 7~6 Zoroastrianism 3~7 13 10 ( ) 1872 = 1899 37 36 36 National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Brief History NIOC Henry Longhurst Adventure in Oil The Story of British Petroleum Sidgwick & Jackson, 1959 Leonard Mosley Power Play (Random House, 1973) 1976 37 Aramco Services Company Saudi Aramco and Its World Arabia and the Middle East (1995) 16
7 5 1901 7 1908 5 26 = 1904 = ( ) 38 1908 ( Burmah Oil Company ) ( Anglo-Persian Oil Company - APOC) 1913 39 1914 51 APOC 40APOC 1912 1925 APOC 1935 ( Anglo-Iranian Oil Company - AIOC) 38 39 P.H. Frankel Essentials of Petroleum A Key to Oil Economics (Augustus M. Kelley Publishers, 1969) 40 17
7 AIOC 1928 1935 1944 1920 1940 1927 1932 1938 1947 41AIOC 1948 1950 50/50 AIOC 1951 2 AIOC AIOC (NIOC) AIOC 1953 8 U.S. Central Intelligence Agency - CIA 41 18
7 1954 Iranian Oil Participants Limited (CFP) AIOC (The British Petroleum Company Ltd. BP 42 NIOC NIOC ( Independents ) 1955 9 ( Iricon Agency ) 43 ( ) 1954 1955 (%) (%) BP 40 40 14 14 (ExxonMobil) 8 (ExxonMobil) 8 (ChevronTexaco) 8 (ChevronTexaco) 8 (1984 ) 8 Total 6 6 * (1979 ) 5 ()* 42 R.W. Ferrier The History of the British Petroleum Company (Cambridge University Press, 1982) 43 Leonard Mosley 19
7 1950 1957 NIOC (ENI) AGIP NIOC 1972 15 75/25 (OPEC) 44 ( )ENI NIOC (Iran Pan-American Oil Company - IPAC 1966 ERAP NIOC 1960 45 (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC) OPEC 1971 2 6 13 44 45 ( ) 20
7 46 1972 1973 1971 1973 AIOC 1974 1957 1960 1970 1978 ( ) 1978 12 1979 1 54 1912 46 21
7 1
7 2
7 3
7 4
7 5
7 Adventure in OilThe Story of British Petroleum (Sidgwick & Jackson, 1959) Essentials of Petroleum A Key to Oil Economics (Augustus M. Kelley Publishers, 1969) Henry Longhurst P. H. Frankel Politics and World Oil Economics An Account of the International Oil Industry in Its Political Environment J. E. Hartshorn (Frederick A. Praeger, 1967) Power Play Leonard Mosley (Random House, 1973) Saudi Aramco and Its World Arabia and the Middle East (Aramco Services Company, 1995) The History of the British Petroleum Company R.W. Ferrier (Cambridge University Press, 1982) Iran Country Analysis Brief (November 2003) U. S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration (2003) The World Fact Book Iran U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (2003) Arab Oil & Gas Directory 2002 (Arab Petroleum Research Center, 2002) International Petroleum Encyclopedia 2003 (PennWell Corporation, 2003) 1
7 Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Iran National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Brief History NIOC National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Members of the Board National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) Organization Chart () Middle East Economic Digest (MEED) Middle East Economic Survey (MEES) Petroleum Intelligence Weekly (PIW) Weekly Petroleum Argus (WPA) Financial Times International Herald Tribune 2