Unionida Kondo Kondo Bauer 2001 Wächtler et al Mic

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1 (Japanese Journal of Conservation Ecology) 20 : (2015) 調査報告 Cristaria plicata 1, * The present state of endangered freshwater mussel (Cristaria plicata) populations in Tottori Prefecture, with special attention to the relationship between the larvae and host fishes Yasushi Miyamoto 1, *, Kazuhiko Fukumoto 2, Keisuke Hatakeyama 1, Akihiro Mori 1, Akihiro Maeda 1 and Takaki Kondo 3 1 Environmental Sanitation Research Center of Tottori Prefecture, 2 Tottori Prefectural Fisheries Research Center, 3 Division of Natural Sciences, Osaka Kyoiku University 3 2 Abstract: The freshwater mussel, Cristaria plicata, is endangered in Tottori prefecture, and information on the population structure and reproduction of the species is necessary for conservation purposes. In the present study, the size structure of mussels, the presence of larval glochidia in females, fish fauna in mussel habitat, and the host suitability of their larvae were investigated in three remaining populations. Mussel size distribution in Tanegaike Pond was biased strongly toward larger individuals, indicating a lack of recruitment in this population in recent years. Although glochidia were observed in females during the reproductive season, the invasive predatory fishes Micropterus salmoides and Lepomis macrochirus were dominant in the pond, and predation on larval hosts by these invasive species is suggested to be a major factor inhibiting recruitment. In contrast, in other two ponds, smaller individuals were found together with larger animals. Invasive predatory fishes were not observed in these ponds, and the larval host Carassius spp. was dominant, indicating that these ponds were suitable for C. plicata recruits. These results suggest that the population dynamics of C. plicata strongly depend on fish communities and that the freshwater mussel population in Tanegaike Pond is endangered because of the dominance of invasive predatory fishes. We propose some future directions for the conservation of C. plicata populations in the Prefecture. Keywords: fish community, glochidia, population structure, sediment parameters * Environmental Sanitation Research Center of Tottori Prefecture, Minamidani, Yurihama-cho, Tottori , Japan miyamoto-y@pref.tottori.jp

2 Unionida Kondo Kondo Bauer 2001 Wächtler et al Micropterus salmoides Lepomis macrochirus Maezono and Miyashita Cristaria plicata Leach, files/jp/20555.pdf , 鳥取県のカラスガイ

3 file/newsletter_ pdf 調査地 A B A 1.5 a 30 cm B 2.9 a 30 cm Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud ha 15.1 m 4 m Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray m 1920 Yoshimura 1929 Miyadi A 1 B 1 3 底質の性状 A B 3 SCUBA TOC TOC TOC-V CPH/CPN SALD-2100 カラスガイのサイズ組成および繁殖可能性 A B A B 20 A B 2013 SCUBA 1964 カラスガイ分布域の魚類相 A B LR-24 Smith- Root 4 mm 4 1 ImageJ ver.1.47 Schneider et al

1 http://www. pref.tottori.lg.jp/secure/776880/2222seikahoukoku.pdf 2014 9 25 2014 10 2013 11 3.8 4.3 m 100 200 50 cm 1 cm 3 7 幼生の宿主選択実験 2014 2 3 5 1 2 A Carassius sp.

4 1 pref.tottori.lg.jp/secure/776880/2222seikahoukoku.pdf m cm 1 cm 3 7 幼生の宿主選択実験 A Carassius sp. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Gymnogobius urotaenia Rana catesbeiana Watters 1997 Watters and O Dee Rhinogobius giurinus Lepomis macrochirus A Kondo A 5 3,700 /L cm cm

5 / Kondo 統計解析 GLMM 4 1 log ~ 2 2 B A log ~ 3 log ~ 4 log ~ 1 4 AIC DAIC R R Development Core Team, 2011 カラスガイ分布域の底質の性状 3 10 μm 2 A B 1 5 μm 0.1 μm μm 2 A B TOC A 0.13 ± 0.03 B 0.05 ± ± mg/g ± SE 63

6 m カラスガイのサイズ組成および繁殖可能性 A B > 20 cm 3 A B cm A 11 3 A 52 A 61 カラスガイ分布域の魚類相 B 6 A 1 Micropterus salmoides A B Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus Odontobutis obscura 幼生の宿主選択実験 6 4B C GLMM 3 AIC 2 AIC 2 20º C カラスガイの生息環境 Kondo A B 20 cm m

7 1 3 A B Cyprinus carpio 1 Carassius spp Opsariichthys platypus Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus 14 Oryzias sp. 2 Hypomesus nipponensis Silurus asotus Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 1 Cobitis biwae Odontobutis obscura 14 Rhinogobius giurinus Tridentiger brevispinis Micropterus salmoides 711 Lepomis macrochirus A 15 B C ± SE 4C * 0 P<0.05 グロキディウム幼生の宿主 Rhinogobius brunneus Kondo Hoggarth 1992 Haag and Warren Jansen et al Jansen et al Dodd et al Rogers-Lowery and Dimock 2006 Rogers and Dimock

8 2 AIC DAIC AIC AIC DAIC log ~ 宿主候補の種 Kondo 個体群構造の現状とその維持メカニズム 3 > 20 cm 2 A B < 20 cm A B A B A B 66

9 3 A B 鳥取県内におけるカラスガイ保全に向けた提言 , 2011 Jones et al Barnhart 2006 Preston et al Diaz and Rosenberg 1995 A 3 A (1993). ( ). pp ,. 67

10 Barnhart MC (2006) Buckets of muckets: A compact system for rearing juvenile freshwater mussels. Aquaculture 254: Bauer G (2001) Life-history variation on different taxonomic levels of naiaids. In: Bauer G, Wächtler K (eds) Ecology and Evolution of the Freshwater Mussels Unicoida. pp Springer, Berlin. (2003). 58 : Diaz RJ, Rosenberg RR (1995) Marine benthic hypoxia: A review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 33: Dodd BJ, Barnhart C, Rogers-Lowery CL, Fobian TB, Dimock RV (2005) Cross-resistance of largemouth bass to glochidia of unionid mussels. Journal of Parasitology 91: (2009) Micropterus salmoides. 3: (2010). 5: (2011).,. (2013). 9:1-5. Haag WR, Warren ML Jr (2003) Host fishes and infection strategies of freshwater mussels in large Mobile Basin streams, USA. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 22: (2005). 59:6-7. (1972). Venus 31: (1964). 30: Hoggarth MA (1992) An examination of the glochidia-host relationships reported in the literature for North American species of Unicoida (Mollusca: Bivalva). Malacology Data Net 3:1-30. (2010) Unio douglasiae nipponensis. 15: (2003). 53: Jansen W, Bauer G, Zahner-Meike E (2001) Glochidial mortality in freshwater mussels. In: Bauer G, Wächtler K (eds) Ecology and Evolution of the Freshwater Mussels Unicoida. pp Springer, Berlin. Jones JW, Mair RA, Neves RJ (2005) Factors affecting survival and growth of juvenile freshwater mussels cultured Louisiana pearl aquaculture systems. North American Journal of Aquaculture 67: (2004).,. Kondo T (1989) Differences in clutch size and host recognition by glochidia between summer and winter breeders of Japanese unionid mussels. Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology) 48: Kondo T (1994) Freshwater molluscus in peril. Venus (Japanese Journal of Malacology) 53: (2002). ( ) ( ). pp Kondo T (2008) Monograph of Unionoida in Japan (Mollusca: Bivalva). Special publication of the Malacological Society of Japan, Tokyo. (2014). III 62:7-11. Maezono Y, Miyashita T (2004) Impact of exotic fish removal on native communities in farm ponds. Ecological Research 19: Miyadi D (1932) 2 studies on the bottom fauna of Japanese lakes, IV. Lakes of the Japan Sea coast of southern Honsyu. Japanese Journal of Zoology 4: (2010) 2.. ( ) 21. pp 3-4.,. (2011). ( ) 22. pp 18.,. (2008) :. 58: ( ) (2002).,. (1993). 30:1-10. (2000). 49: Preston SJ, Keys A, Roberts D (2007) Culturing freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera: A breakthrough in the conservation of endangered species. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17: R Development Core Team (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria

11 Rogers CL, Dimock RV Jr. (2003) Acquired resistance of bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus to glochidia larvae of the freshwater mussel Utterbackia imbecillis (Bivalvia: Unionidae) after multiple infections. Journal of Parasitology 89: Rogers-Lowery CL, Dimock RV Jr. (2006) Encapsulation of attached ectoparasitic glochidia larvae of freshwater mussels by epithelial tissue on fins of naive and resistant host fish. Biological Bulletin 210: (2006) 20 ( ). pp ,. Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods 9: ( ) (1979) 2 ( ).,. (1956).,. (1966).,. (1962). 10: (1968). 23:1-21. Wächtler K, Dreher-Mansur MC, Richter T (2001) Larval types and early postlarval biology in naiaids (Unicoida). In: Bauer G, Wächtler K (eds) Ecology and Evolution of the Freshwater Mussels Unicoida. pp Springer, Berlin. Watters GT (1997) Glochidial metamorphosis of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis cardium (Bivalva: Unicoida) on larval tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum spp. (Amphibia: Ambystomidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 75: Watters GT, O Dee SH (1998) Metamorphosis of the freshwater mussel glochidia (Bivalva: Unicoidae) on amphibians and exotic fishes. The American Midland Naturalist 139: (2003). 13: Yoshimura S (1929) A limnological reconnassance of Tanegaike, Tottori, with some studies of koyama-ike and Togo-ike. Geographical Review of Japan 5:

Table 1. Number and stundard length of smallmouth bass examined in the study

Table 1. Number and stundard length of smallmouth bass examined in the study Taiga Yodo* and Kei'ichiro Iguchi. 2003. Feeding habits of introduced smallmouth bass in Lakes Aoki and Nojiri, Japan. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 50(1): 47-54. Abstract To elucidate the feeding habits of smallmouth