GID1, Hiroaki KATO, Tomomi SATO and Miyako UEGUCHI-TANAKA: Gibberellin Receptor GID1: Gibberellin Recognition and Molecular Evolution
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1 GID1, Hiroaki KATO, Tomomi SATO and Miyako UEGUCHI-TANAKA: Gibberellin Receptor GID1: Gibberellin Recognition and Molecular Evolution Gibberellins GAs are phytohormones essential for many developmental processes in plants. We analyzed the crystal structure of a nuclear GA receptor, GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 GID1 from Oryza sativa. As it was proposed from the sequence similarity, the overall structure of GID1 shows an α/β-hydrolase fold similar to that of the hormone-sensitive lipases HSLs except for an amino-terminal lid. The GA-binding site corresponds to the substrate-binding site of HSLs. Almost residues assigned for GA binding showed very little or no activity when they were replaced with Ala. The substitution of the residues corresponding to those of the lycophyte GID1s caused an increase in the binding affinity for GA 34, a 2β-hydroxylated GA 4. These findings indicate that GID1 originated from HSL and was tinkered to have the specificity for bioactive GAs in the course of plant evolution. GA,,,. 1), 1. GA, 1926,. 2),., 1935,,. 3),4), GA, 1., 2005,, GA gibberellin insensitive dwarf1 gid1, GID1, GA. 5), GID1,.,.,, GID1 GA,, GA,, , GID1 X. 6), GA., 2. GID1 GA,., 1 GID1, GA. 2 GA 1 GA 4. 3 GID1., 4 GID1 GA,,. 5), GID1 DNA. GA,., GA, DELLA SLR1 GA., GID1 GA, GA-GID1 DELLA, GA-GID1- DELLA, DELLA GA. 7),8), DELLA GA,. 31
2 1. Chemical structures of typical gibberellins., GA. GA 4, GA 3, GA 1,. 130 GA,.,, GA 4, GA 3, GA ), 4. 10), 1 C6, 2 C3, 3 A C4 C10 γ,, 4 C2., GA, 4., GID1 GA, 1 GA C6, C3,,,. GID1 HSL 11). 5) HSL,, Ser, His Asp 3 catalytic triad., GID1 Ser198,., His Val, Asp., Ser,, HGGG.. 12) GID1 HGGS., HSL, Lid α/β hydrolase fold 13) N,,.,., Lid,., Lid. GID1, N,. GID1, GA., GID1,,,,.,., octyl-β-d-glucoside,,
3 ., GID1 N,,., SAD., GID1 GA 4 GA Å. a b η1 β1 α2 Lid α1 β2 β4 α7 β3 β5 β6 α3 αc η2 β7 β8 αb α6 α5 GA4 α4 Ser198 Lid, GID1, HSL 14) α/β hydrolase fold 2a, b., GA, Ser Catalytic triad, Ser, His, Asp 2, Ser198, Asp296, 2c., Catalytic triad His, Val, GA., 2c.,,, 12) GID1, GA C6., GID1, Arg251 2c 4a., N- Lid 2ab. GID1, Lid, GA, GA van der Waals GA. GID1 Lid 1, Lid Leu18, Trp21, Leu29, Ile33, Leu45, Tyr Ser169 c nucleophilic elbow β5 GA4 Gly122m Ser198 γ-lactone A B C C6 Ser123 Ser199 Gly (HSL) Ala (HSL) Val326 His (HSL) Asp296 Arg251 Trp21 αb Tyr48 Leu29 Leu45 Ile33 Leu18 αc Ile33 αc Leu45 Tyr48 Leu29 Leu18 αb Trp21 α3 2 GID1 HSL. Structural comparison between rice GID1 and an HSL family protein, AeCXE1. a GID1, b HSL 1 AeCXE1 PDB code: 2O7R, c Ser. 6). 3 GID1. Dimer interactions of rice GID1 in the crystalline state. 6)
4 ,,., 3., GID1,., GA Lid DELLA SLR1., 6 Ala GID1, GA, DELLA SLR1. 6), Lid DELLA. GID1 GA, C6 C3 Ser198 4a Lid 4b., C6., B A C,., C3,., Tyr134, Tyr31, Ser127 4a., GA C2, C4 C10 γ Lid 4b., Lid αb, α/β hydrolase fold α1,, β8 α7 η2, β6 β7 α4 α5.,., Ala GID1, GA 5.,,,. GID1, 4 3, ),16) GA a b 4 GID1. Architecture of the Gibberellin-binding site in rice GID1. a. b van der Waals. 6)
5 6 GA. Alteration of GA specificity of rice GID1 with amino acid substitution of lycophytetype 6). 5 GA Ala GID1 GID1 GA. GA binding activities of mutated rice GID1 proteins in which amino acid residues used for GA binding are replaced with Ala or the corresponding amino acid residues of lycophyte GID1 SmGID1. 6).,, GA 4 GA 3, C3 C2 GA,, C3, C4, GA 9 GA 51 C3,, C2 GA. 15), 1 Selaginella moellendorffii GID1 GA., GA Ser198 4a., GID1, GA C3 Ser127 Met., C2 Ile133, Phe27, Val, Leu. GA, GID1, GA 6., S127A, GA 4 10, GA 9 C3 10., I133L, I133V, GA 4 10, GA 34 C2 10.,.,, GID1. Schematic diagram for molecular evolution of GID1., GA GA 2.,, HSL GA, GA GA, 7., GID1, GA,.,,, GA,..,, GA., GA,.,, GA
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