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2 The Response of Japanese Society toward the LARA Relief Supplies According to the report of the Asahi and Yomiuri Newspaper When the World War ended, LARA an American voluntary organization sent large quantities of relief supplies to Japan. The Japanese government was pleased and accepted it. People in general suffered from the hardships of poverty. They were categorized according to level of seriousness of their poverty in order to qualify for the relief supplies. Ranked rst on the list were those who live in the homes for orphans, hospitals for TB patients, and nursing homes. I have studied how the LARA Relief Supplies were distributed in the social institution. I thought that it was necessary in order to grasp the situation outside of them and to acquire an in depth understanding of the social welfare facilities. In addition, I have investigated the reports of the Asahi and Yomiuri Newspaper with the national circulation during the period The number of the articles about the LARA differed from year to year. The reports from these two newspaper publishing companies sometimes tally but there were times when they reported on different matters. However, in general, they presented favorable reports on LARA. LARALicensed

They were categorized according to level of seriousness of their poverty in order to qualify for the relief supplies.

3 Agencies for Relief in Asia LARALARA CARECooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere CARE LARA LARA

4 LARA LARA LARA American Council of Voluntary Agencies for Foreign Service, Inc ACVAFS ACVAFS

5 LARA

6 SCAPIN LARA ACVAFS ACVAFS LARA Council of Relief Agencies Licensed to Operate in Germany CRALOG ACVAFS LARA ACVAFS E.B. LARA ACVAFS LARA GHQ LARA LARA SCAPIN Esther Biddle Rhoades Michal J. Mackillop LARA George Ernest Bott LARA

7 SCAPIN LARA

9 LARA GHQ LARA

11 LARA LARA LARA LARA

12 LARA N.B. MJB LARA AFLOICYMCAYWCA

13 LARA LARA LARA LARA LARA LARA LARA

15 LARA LARA LARA LARA GHQ

16 GHQ Harbert Nicholson

17 LARA

18 LARA LARA LARA

19 LARA LARA LARA LARA

20 E.BEE LARA B J P LARA

21 LARA LARA ABC

22 LARA

23 LARA LARA LARA

24 Toshio Tatara H. H. BB

26 The relationship among the social supports from online friends, self-esteem, loneliness and psychological health PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between self-esteem, loneliness, General Health Questionnaire and the social support perceived its availability from a real friend and an online friend. METHOD Questionnaires were conducted to 396 college students, 373 of whom became the target of the analysis. The average age of students were years old. Questionnaires were composed of the face sheet, the self-esteem scale, the loneliness scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. RESULTS The group of people who have met face-to-face with an online friend had a higher social supports perceived from an online friend than the group of people who have not met face-to-face with an online friend. In addition, in the group of people who have met face-to-face with an online friend, the negative correlation was observed between the social support perceived from an online friend and self-esteem. Besides, no signicant correlation was observed among the social supports perceived from real friends, self-esteem, loneliness and General Health Questionnaire. While in the group of people who have not met face-to-face with an online friend and the group of people who do not have an online friend, the positive correlation was observed among the social supports perceived from real friends and family, self-esteem, loneliness and General Health Questionnaire. CONCLUSION The social supports perceived from real friends and family is important for the self-esteem, loneliness and General Health Questionnaire.

27 CasselCassel Caplan Barrerasocial embeddedness perceived support enacted support

28 Barrera Barrera Wethington & Kessler

29 a

30 b Kraut, Kiesler, Boneva, Cummings, Helgeson, & Crawford,

31 SHG SHG SHG SHG Cummings, Sproull & Keisler, SHG SHG SHG

32 General Health QuestionnaireGHQ Rosenberg Rosenberg Peplau & Perlman

33 GHQ Goldberg & Hillier GHQ GHQ b

34 A B X A SD Table

35 UCLA GHQ

36 Rosenberg UCLA Russell, Peplau, & Cutrona Peplau & Perlman Russell et al. GHQ

37 GHQ GHQ Table Cronbach

38 Table ab Fig. a b a b

39 Table

40 r r r r Table rp Table

41 r rr rp Table r rp rp rp Fig.

45 b b

46 b GHQ

47 Kraut et al. rich get richer Bargh et al. SHG

49 SHG

50 Bargh, J.A., McKenna, K.Y.A. & Fitzsimons, G.M.. Can You See the Real Me? Activation and Expression of the True Self on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues,,. Barrera, M., Jr.. Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology,,. Caplan, G.. Support systems and community mental health. Behavioral Publications. Cassel, J.. Psychosocial Processes and "Stress": Theoretical Formulation. International Journal of Health Services,,. Cummings, J., Sproull, L., & Keisler, S.. Beyond Hearing: Where real world and online support meet. Group Dynamics,. a pp. b Goldber, D.P., & Hillier, V.F.. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Medicine,,.

51 CMC pp. Kraut, R. E., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J., Helgeson, V., & Crawford, A.. Internet Paradox Revisited. Journal of Social Issue,,. UCLA html GHQ Peplau, L. A. & Perlman, D.. Blueprint for a social psychological theory of loneliness. In M. Cook & G. WilsonEds., Love and attractionpp.. Oxford, England : Pergamom Press.

52 Rosenberg,M.. Society and the adolescent self-image. Prinston Univ. Press. Russell, D., Peplau,L. A., & Cutrona,C.E.. The revised UCLA loneliness scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,,. Wethington, E., & Kessler, R.C..Perceived support, received support, and adjustment to stressful life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior,,.

54 Physiological Changes and Psychological Changes for Effect of Dohsa-method on Face Using Prole of Mood State and Acceptance of Relaxation and Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity SD POMS POMS POMS Fp F pf p F p

55 Purpose: Dohsa-method was originally designed by Naruse to habilitate children with cerebral palsy and it was applied as one of the psychotherapy unique in Japan, not only in the clinical area but also in many other elds. Dohsa-method on face, one technique of Dohsa-method practiced on a face which established by Yoshikawa, is just started to be investigated its effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of physiological changes and psychological changes provided by practicing Dohsamethod on face. Method: Experimental design was crossover design. The Participants included 18 undergraduate and graduate students M = ; SD = Independent variable was Dohsa-method on face. Dependent variables were Prole of Mood State Brief Japanese Version POMS, Acceptance of Relaxation and Salivary Alpha-Amylase Activity. Results: The analysis of variance ANOVAdetected interaction to POMS of T - A factor. The result of main effect test detected that prephase score of intervention performed significantly better than prephase score of control F 1, 10= 7.29, p <.05and that prephase score of intervention performed signicantly less well than postphase score of interventionf 1, 10= 35.71, p <.001. Acceptance of Relaxation detected a main effect F 1, 359= , p <.001. Conclusion: Dohsa-method on face can be decrease mood of tension and anxiety and can be increase acceptance of relaxation. a

56 POMS Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl

57 Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl

58 POMS PTSD

60 POMS Cl Cl

62 POMS SD A A

63 A Cl Prole of Mood State POMS POMS

64 POMS POMS POMS POMS Cl POMS POMS POMS T A Tension AnxietyT A D Depression Dejection D A H Anger HostilityA H VVigor V FFatigueF CConfusionC V V Total Mood Disturbance POMS

65 V V V POMS T A D V

66 POMS b

67 POMS COCORO METER COCORO METER COCORO METER COCORO METER COCORO METER

68 POMS COCORO METER COCORO METER COCORO METER Ann, A B A

69 COCORO METER POMS POMS COCORO METER COCORO METER COCORO METER

70 POMS POMS B A POMS POMS POMS F p T A

71 Fp Fp Fp Fn.s. Fn.s.

72 POMS POMS D A H F C V F p

73 Fn.s.Fn.s. Fn.s.

74 POMS

75 POMS POMS D A H F C T A V POMS D A H F C Cl Cl POMS POMS

76 POMS T A Cl V V POMS

77 Cl POMS T A

78 POMS

79 COCORO METER POMS b b

80 POMS Ann Searle. INTRODUCING RESEARCH AND DATA IN PSYCHOLOGY.Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. pp.

81 pp. POMS pp. a b pp. pp. pp.

82 POMS pp. pp.

84 Theoretical and empirical consideration about the immigration policy in regional communities Hayashi Kanichi Higano Kouki Bundo Hiroyuki Isago Sachitoshi Motoki Masatoshi

85 Casles Miller imperial model folk or ethnic model republican model Rosemary Sales,2007Understanding Immigration and Refugee Policy;Cntradictions and continuities,the Policy Press.p.125. Cf. Castles, S.and Miller, M.J.2003The Age of migration3 rd edn, Basingstoke:Macmillan.

86 multicultural model

90 B LED

91 B B B B

92 NPO

96 pp.

100 On V-te iku Constructions and Politeness in Japanese V V a. b. c. cba c ab a. b. c. d.

101 a&bc d Thayne & Sato a. ayofferyoumyseat b. Wouldyoucaretohaveaseat c. leasehaveaseat abcc a cdc a. b. abba bb V V V V V V Vv V V v V v V V V v V v V v

102 V V a. b. c. d. e. f. a&b eventtime c&d e&f X V V a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i.

103 a d V e f ix V V V a. b. c. d. ad V a&ba&b V

104 V Brown & Levinson a. b. a b V a. b. You must try this pudding. It s deliciousthayne & Sato

105 V a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.

106 V a. b. c. d. ac d a b c d a b c d c ab cc ab c

107 a bc b c d bd b&dc c bdc b&d d cv V b&d c d b&d

108 V d V V V Brown & Levinson Brown & Levinson V b&d PPS Include both Speaker and Hearer PPS cv b V V

109 V V Brown, P. and S. LevinsonPoliteness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. NHK Thayne, D and J. Sato The Japan Times a a d a d a. b. c. d. a. b. c.

110 V d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.

111

112 Lectures on American Literature for Japanese Students, by Toshio Watanabe. Kenkyusha, 2011, pp.274. Pilgrim Fathers William Bradford John Winthrop Captain John Smith Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor Michael Wigglesworth Cotton Mather Bay Psalm Book Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence Thomas Paine Common Sense Benjamin Franklin Autobiography Jonathan Edwards

113 Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Michel-Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur Letters from an American Farmer Mary Rowlandson Washington Irving The Sketch Book Charles Brockden Brown Wieland Charlotte Temple Susanna Haswell Rowson William Hill BrownHannah Webster Foster James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans Edgar Allan Poe American Renaissance Ralph Waldo Emerson The American Scholar Nature Henry David Thoreau Walden Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass Nathaniel Hawthorn Herman Melville The Scarlet Letter Moby-Dick Henry Wadsworth LongfellowOliver Wendell HolmesJames Russell Lowell Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom s Cabin Mark Twain The Innocents AbroadAdventures of Huckleberry Finn

114 Henry James The Portrait of a Lady The Ambassadors William Dean Howells F. Marion Crawford Saracinesca Horatio Alger Stephen Crane The Red Badge of Courage Frank Norris Jack London Lost Generation F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway The Sun Also Rises Upton Sinclair Sherwood Anderson Winesburg, Ohio Sinclair Lewis Babbitt Edith WhartonSarah Orne JewettWilla CatherEllen GlasgowKate Chopin The Awakening Madame Bovary Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Yellow Wall-Paper William Faulkner The Sound and the Fury Thomas Wolfe Look Homeward, AngelDawn Powell Library of America Emily Dickinson Hart CraneT. S. EliotEzra Pound William Carlos WilliamsRobert Frost,Wallace Stevens Eugen O Neill John Crowe RansomAllen Tate Robert Penn WarrenTruman CapoteKatherine Anne PorterCarson McCullersEudora WeltyFlannery O Connor Southern Renaissance John Dos Passos U. S. A John Steinbeck The Grapes of WrathJames T. Farrell Studs Lonigan Erskine Caldwell Tabacco Road

115 Nathanael West A Cool Million Dashiell Hammett The Maltese Falcon Norman Mailer The Naked and the Dead Irwin Shaw The Young LionsJames Jones From Here to Eternity J. D. Salinger The Cather in the RyeJoseph Heller Catch-22Ken Kesey One Flew Over the Cuckoo s NestKurt Vonnegut Slaughterhouse-Five Beat Generation Jack Kerouac On the Road Allen GinsbergHenry Miller Tropic of Cancer Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman Richard Wright Native SonRalph Ellison James Baldwin Alice Walker The Color Purple Toni Morrison The Bluest Eye BelovedSaul BellowBernard MalamudPhilip Roth John Barth The Sot-Weed Factor William Burroughs The Naked Lunch James Purdy John Updike Rabbit, RunJohn CheeverRichard BrautiganDonald BarthelmeJerzy KosinskiThomas PynchonJoyce Carol OatesWilliam StyronJohn GardnerVladimir NabokovIsaac Bashevis Singer Sylvia PlathRobert LowellJohn BerrymanAdrienne Rich e. e. cummingscharles ReznikoffLouis Zukofsky Richard Carson Silent Spring

116 Nature Writing Marmon SilkoN. Scott MomadayLouise Erdrich John Okada Amy TanMaxine Hong Kingston SF Edward Albee The Zoo Story Who s Afraid of Virginia Woof?David Mamet OleannaNeil SimonSam Shepard John Irving The World Acording to Garp Raymond Carver Bobbie Ann Mason Ann Beattie Paul Auster Don DeLilloCormac McCarthy Nathaniel Hawthorn The Scarlet Letter Endicott and the Red Cross, Howe s Masquerade George Whiteeld Personal Narrative

117 Nathanael West A Cool Million Nature The Ancestral Footstep Dr. Grimshawe s Secret Civil Disobedience Moby-Dick Billy Budd, Sailor Leaves of Grass Leaves of Grass Polly Longworth Austin and Mabel: The Amherst Affair and Love Letters of Austin Dickinson and Mabel Loomis Todd Huckle-

118 berry Finn Autobiography of Mark Twain The Awakening Robert Burns Robert second owing F The Great Gatsby The Last Tycoon Faulker u The Marble Faun Cleanth Brooks William Faulkner: First Encounter Thomas Lanier Williams Tennessee Williams Tennessee

119 Memoirs Ralph WaldoEllison Ralph Waldo Emerson Invisible Man Irving Malin Jews and Americans Jewishness DCMichigan Quarterly ReviewWinter, Unspeakable Things Unspoken: The Afro- American Presence in American Literature

120 Community Development Studies B

121

122

123

124

2 251 Barrera, 1986; Barrera, e.g., Gottlieb, 1985 Wethington & Kessler 1986 r Cohen & Wills,

2 251 Barrera, 1986; Barrera, e.g., Gottlieb, 1985 Wethington & Kessler 1986 r Cohen & Wills, 2014 25 1 1 11 1 3,085 100 1 1988 e.g., 2000 3 e.g., 2005; 1999 100 1960 100 2012 2 6 23 1 98.2 1999 1999 3 65.3 1999 1996 1 21 e.g., 1999 3 1 2 251 Barrera, 1986; 1993 1 2 2001 3 2001 Barrera, 1981 1993

ときわ コミュ18.indb

ときわ　コミュ18.indb