Japanese Journal of Applied Psychology 2018, Vol. 43, No. 3, 256 266 1 * ** Factors of Interest in Young Children among University Students: The Influences of Contact Experience with Infants, Internal Working Model, and Other-Consciousness Takashi OUGIHARA* and Kayoko UEMURA** Factors determining university students interest in young children were investigated. It was hypothesizing that experience of contact with infants, internal working models (IWM), and other-consciousness would determine interest. A questionnaire survey was conducted with university students (n 229) to test this hypothesis. Multiple regression analysis indicated that experience of contact with infants during elementary school days and internal-other-consciousness increased interest in young children. On the other hand, an evasive IWM decreased interest. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was conducted based on gender, which indicated that in men, experience of contact with infants during elementary school days increased interest, whereas in women, such an experience increased interest regardless of the period of con-tact. Moreover, in men, an ambivalent IWM increased sympathy among subscales of interest in young children, whereas in women, a stable IWM increased interest. Furthermore, in men, high imaginal-other-consciousness increased interest, whereas in women, high internal-other-consciousness increased interest. Factors determining interest in young children were discussed from the perspective of gender differences. key words: interest in young children, contact experience with infants, internal working model, other-consciousness, university students Lorenz (1943) Lorenz (1943) baby schema Kindchenschema (Fullard & Reiling, 1 2012 24 2013 * The United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4 1 1 Nukuikita-machi, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184 8501, Japan e-mail: ougihara@gmail.com ** Bunkyo Gakuin University, Faculty of Human Studies, 1196 Kamekubo, Fujimino-shi, Saitama 356 8533, Japan
257 1976; Maestripieri & Pelka, 2002; McArthur & Berry, 1987) Fogel, Melson, & Mistry (1986) nurturance (1989) 2 (1988) (1986) (1988) (2005) 2 2 2 1989, 2001 2009; 1996 (1988) (2009) 2 2 (2012) 3 6 (2009) 2010 2012 2007; 1992; 1989 IWM 2010; 2014; 2013 IWM 1982, 1989
258 Vol. 43, No. 3 1 2 1 Nash & Feldman (1981) 2 (1992) (2000) (1989) Bowlby (1973) IWM (2009) IWM Rholes, Simpson, & Blakely (1995) Rholes, Simpson, Blakely, Lanigan, & Allen (1997) IWM 1983 1989, 2001
259 (1993) (2005) (1999) 1 IWM 3 2008; 1992; Maestripieri & Pelka, 2002; 2012; 2007 4 1 2001 2 (2012) 3 2005 4 234 25 5 229 76 153 19.21 SD 1.04 2012 5 7 (2012) 30 6 1. 6. 3 6 4 1 14 2 7 3 6 4 3 (1992) 6 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 0 2 3 6 (1988) 18 6 1. 6. 3 6 (1993) 15
260 Vol. 43, No. 3 Table 1 t (df) d M 56.13 50.64 58.83 3.87*** 0.55 (α.96) SD 15.38 14.71 15.02 (222) M 27.66 26.57 28.17 1.73 0.25 (α.88) SD 6.51 7.19 6.12 (222) M 18.79 17.27 19.53 2.90** 0.41 (α.80) SD 5.60 5.41 5.56 (222) M 11.45 11.99 11.19 1.69 0.24 (α.86) SD 3.38 3.31 3.39 (225) M 10.88 9.61 11.51 3.35** 0.43 (α.91) SD 4.48 3.68 4.71 (185.78) M 9.98 9.20 10.36 2.00* 0.28 (α.92) SD 4.14 4.24 4.06 (226) IWM M 19.85 19.56 19.99 0.56 0.08 (α.86) SD 5.51 5.66 5.44 (226) M 23.27 21.91 23.95 2.69** 0.38 (α.82) SD 5.48 5.55 5.33 (225) M 19.29 18.88 19.50 0.82 0.12 (α.76) SD 5.35 5.60 5.23 (226) M 25.80 25.57 25.91 0.51 0.07 (α.86) SD 4.85 4.73 4.92 (226) M 13.63 13.24 13.83 1.43 0.20 (α.68) SD 2.96 2.87 2.99 (227) M 13.89 13.64 14.02 0.84 0.12 (α.82) SD 3.20 2.98 3.30 (226) *p.05, **p.01, ***p.001 5 1. 5. 3 1 7 2 4 3 4 Cronbach α α.68.96 (Table 1) (Table 1) 3 t IWM 3 IBM SPSS Statistics 21 t
261 Table 2 IWM.30***.30***.21**.03.04.29***.01.24***.26*.25*.14.10.20.33**.11.49***.27***.30***.25**.08.01.28***.11.13.24***.20**.24***.10.17*.30***.02.25***.23.15.07.18.17.38**.06.30*.23**.21**.33***.03.18*.26***.02.23**.21**.15*.21**.10.08.29***.03.25***.06.03.01.12.09.27*.15.35**.22**.18*.30***.03.10.29***.06.21**.11.03.05.13.23***.03.07.05.06.02.06.01.31**.13.02.09.17*.06.12.17*.18*.02.08.10 *p.05, **p.01, ***p.001 Table 3 IWM R 2 / adj. R 2.17*.17*.23***.17/.15***.23*.45***.29/.27***.24**.21*.34***.16*.20/.17***.20**.22***.29***.17/.16***.32**.23*.29**.37**.32/.27***.29***.18*.14/.13***.16*.14*.27***.12/.10***.34**.12/.10**.25**.22**.14/.13***.13*.24***.07/.06***.30*.09/.08*.17*.19*.06/.05** *p.05, **p.01, ***p.001 (Table 2) IWM IWM (Table 3) VIF 2 (β.13 20) (β.17)
262 Vol. 43, No. 3 IWM β.14.24 (β.23.29) (β.23,.32) (β.17) (β.24) IWM (β.23)β.29 (β.29,.25) (β.45,.34) (β.34,.22) β.16 IWM 3 IWM 2007 1992 1989 β.20 IWM (1992) (1992) Fullard & Reiling (1976) 2008 2009
263 2008, 2009 (2000) IWM IWM IWM IWM Rholes, Simpson, & Oriña (1999) Rholes et al. (1997) IWM IWM IWM IWM Rholes et al. (1995) IWM (2013) IWM IWM (2003) (1988) IWM IWM IWM Rholes et al. (1995, 1997) (2005) IWM Rholes et al. (1995, 1997) (2005) IWM IWM (1999)
264 Vol. 43, No. 3 (1993) Table 1 4 4 (2013) 5 IWM IWM 1982, 1989 IWM 5 r.13 (n.s.) r.21 (n.s.) r.27 (p.01) r.17 (p.05)
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