タイにおけるミャンマー人労働者の 賃金決定要因 甲南大学経済学部非常勤講師水野敦子 大阪市立大学経済学研究科 経済格差研究センター非常勤研究員 久保彰宏 2008 年 2 月 29 日 Discussion Paper No. 9
CREI Discussion Paper Series タイにおけるミャンマー人労働者の 賃金決定要因 甲南大学経済学部非常勤講師水野敦子 大阪市立大学経済学研究科 経済格差研究センター非常勤研究員 久保彰宏 2008 年 2 月 29 日 Discussion Paper No. 9 経済格差研究センター (CREI) は 大阪市立大学経済学研究科重点研究プロジェクト 経 済格差と経済学 - 異端 都市下層 アジアの視点から - (2006~2010 年 ) の推進のた め 研究科内に設置された研究ユニットである
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ASEAN CLM CLM the Thai fisheries law CLM Sonthsakyothin CLM Martin et al. 2
Tor Ror Temporary ID card Tor Ror CLM National Statistical Office Labour Force Survey http://www.nso.go.th/eng/stat/lfs/lfse.htm Department of Employment, Ministry of Laborer CLM Tor Ror 3
National Statistical Office ASEAN ASEAN 4
( ) 26,418 13,872 40,290 4.4 21261.0 91,846 153,397 77,066 234,676 71,758 207,958 35,159 104,720 43,272 29,408 72,680 7.9 5049.0 3,073 80,802 102,560 120,098 101,652 118,828 46,685 52,640 133,030 130,850 263,880 28.6 8456.0 1,404 273,740 240,302 250,032 226,189 234,820 130,434 134,502 2,407 1,898 4,305 0.5 44807.0 3,645 52,757 7,083 47,911 6,159 41,744 2,832 15,932 134,154 73,981 208,135 22.6 10298.0 16,696 235,129 262,721 299,887 249,248 284,682 155,569 172,094 60,672 63,420 124,092 13.5 152.0 32 124,276 96,766 96,847 88,843 88,924 53,078 53,107 49,386 44,655 94,041 10.2 7046.0 2,076 103,163 125,330 137,080 124,486 135,985 72,086 78,794 41,791 40,709 82,500 9.0 321.0 53 82,874 85,372 85,841 81,760 82,185 48,425 48,502 29,846 25,526 55,372 6.0 26.0 86 55,484 49,396 49,704 49,396 49,704 31,979 31,979 23,304 12,575 35,879 3.9 3561.0 517 39,957 47,745 51,904 47,745 51,904 30,944 33,271 17,214 14,206 31,420 3.4 840.0 352 32,612 37,299 39,554 37,299 39,554 14,069 14,743 20,629 10,382 31,011 3.4 277.0 40 31,328 35,133 35,522 34,401 34,745 22,579 22,775 14,854 15,538 30,392 3.3 2129.0 21 32,542 20,534 22,073 20,534 22,073 12,631 13,255 20,312 9,904 30,216 3.3 932.0 138 31,286 46,978 48,526 35,780 36,483 27,185 27,733 17,160 11,719 28,879 3.1 5953.0 16,398 51,230 37,493 66,762 36,402 65,484 19,834 31,493 13,391 10,229 23,620 2.6 4032.0 1,636 29,288 29,707 37,129 28,238 35,282 19,448 23,380 15,326 5,763 21,089 2.3 1802.0 671 23,562 23,815 26,687 23,800 26,672 16,692 18,239 12,338 8,344 20,682 2.2 6955.0 10,512 38,149 26,985 48,684 26,985 48,684 18,050 30,687 12,591 6,750 19,341 2.1 8508.0 22,420 50,269 45,854 86,562 43,960 82,224 18,144 37,448 11,089 7,884 18,973 2.1 1197.0 399 20,569 29,385 32,520 29,385 32,520 14,995 16,093 502,758 418,734 921,492 100.0 179887.0 183,541 1,284,920 1,136,485 1,598,752 1,086,653 1,512,587 633,692 849,552 Department of Employment 101,807 36,141 127,796 124,210 61,202 156,757 68,333 130,935 129,765 75,117 348,047 138,149 380,488 361,318 182,673 12,997 5,675 12,627 12,261 7,120 12,486 4,440 9,440 9,136 5,114 9,229 4,157 7,626 7,267 4,474 8,386 3,093 7,764 6,961 4,362 351,611 99,422 259,884 250,253 124,790 3,382 1,178 2,770 2,705 1,568 190,031 104,306 178,588 169,754 126,369 686,796 240,129 480,769 438,957 256,763 1,881,529 705,023 1,598,752 1,512,587 849,552 Tor Ror ID 10 CLM Tor Ror 5
2005 2 / 7538.2 2759.8 4665.7 8107.1 6597.3 18854.2 5272.3 6701.0 5447.4 Tor Ror 12754.4 19394.0 9738.6 11542.9 14836.3 11682.0 6682.4 4265.3 ADB GMS 49094.9 12013.0 km 1 km 28,402 22,209 48,531 82 84 155 346 264 313 13,754 9,197 27,571 46 46 109 299 200 253 14,648 13,012 20,960 36 38 46 407 342 456 776 549 550 1 9 9 776 61 61 1,700 1,200 1,320 2 2 3 850 600 440 370 2 185 380 245 255 1 3 3 380 82 85 1,367 1,511 2,591 38 37 71 36 41 36 32,625 25,714 53,617 124 135 243 263 190 221 37 1,514 2,090 6 241 255 6 6 8 43 247 395 5 53 58 9 5 7 215 281 0 34 36 6 8 180 130 180 5 4 5 36 33 36 163 163 21 21 8 8 38 44 5 5 8 9 29 35 8 9 4 4 21 2 18 4 5 13 3 4 260 2,336 3,240 16 366 398 16 6 8 32,885 28,050 56,857 140 501 641 2,799 1,395 1,604 Tak branch of Federation of Industry Thailand 6
20,608 230.4 100.0 25,514,338 33.3 9,228 76,682,925 100.0 384,383,100 100.0 3,102 38.9 16.9 3,556,451 34.8 7,623 10,215,930 13.3 62,907,473 16.4 198 1.2 0.5 241,241 7.3 16,918 3,291,742 4.3 4,130,828 1.1 1,358 23.3 10.1 2,150,421 36.9 7,704 5,831,860 7.6 32,925,653 8.6 1,581 14.5 6.3 1,289,132 59.4 7,401 2,170,015 2.8 7,471,425 1.9 756 10.6 4.6 853,879 58.0 6,737 1,472,750 1.9 5,096,051 1.3 797 5.2 2.3 391,999 44.0 6,286 890,700 1.2 3,580,779 0.9 487 4.4 1.9 553,462 24.6 10,460 2,247,691 2.9 9,867,787 2.6 796 4.4 1.9 620,248 45.4 11,688 1,366,666 1.8 4,028,948 1.0 48 0.8 0.3 189,636 6.5 19,788 2,913,197 3.8 27,627,289 7.2 903 8.6 3.7 1,357,646 28.9 13,153 4,700,218 6.1 31,703,704 8.2 1,684 18.9 8.2 1,914,365 41.2 8,428 4,649,649 6.1 21,254,035 5.5 1,802 12.8 5.6 1,496,346 30.7 9,708 4,868,759 6.3 14,796,223 3.8 476 3.8 1.7 561,168 31.9 12,249 1,757,245 2.3 13,908,880 3.6 2,090 10.3 4.5 992,225 31.1 8,034 3,191,080 4.2 11,526,261 3.0 880 8.3 3.6 1,113,383 38.4 11,180 2,899,427 3.8 13,942,093 3.6 35 6.1 2.6 1,074,918 25.6 14,761 4,192,593 5.5 16,957,049 4.4 450 11.3 4.9 1,491,877 38.6 11,005 3,868,287 5.0 14,135,210 3.7 241 15.3 6.7 1,968,395 27.0 10,692 7,289,823 9.5 25,706,121 6.7 119 2.8 1.2 310,800 54.4 9,191 571,310 0.7 3,101,265 0.8 938 10.2 4.4 1,809,936 36.2 14,843 4,993,096 6.5 47,357,471 12.3 179 2.5 1.1 277,255 58.8 9,427 471,411 0.6 2,576,149 0.7 1,671 16.1 7.0 1,283,868 45.6 6,637 2,812,581 3.7 9,630,736 2.5 16 0.1 0.1 15,688 92.9 9,219 16,895 0.0 151,670 0.0 Martin et al. Federation of Thai Industry FTI ISIC Burmese Arnold et al. National Statistics Office, Thailand, Population and Housing Census 2000, http://web.nso.go.th/eng/en/ 7
MAPMigrant Assistance Programme NGO MAPBBC Burma pop2000/pop_e2000.htm National Institute of Development AdministrationNIDA MAPBBC BurmaRichard U Wi Ri Ya Rattanapitak Na-rack 8
Tor Ror Tor Ror 308 118 127 63 7.7 10.5 5.5 6.9 43.4 81.9 26.6 5.2 15.8 1.9 14.7 43.1 9.9 1.9 16.5 12.1 18.4 30.3 29.3 1.5 3.7 1.1 2.8 1.1 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.9 1.7 70.5 74.6 64.6 73.4 50.9 48.3 50.0 52.7 1.7 2.2 1.4 1.1 25.6 25.7 23.5 29.5 10.5 7.5 15.8 5.0 40.8 39.3 50.0 25.0 28.9 33.6 22.5 33.3 9.8 9.3 7.5 15.0 7.7 9.3 4.2 11.7 2.4 0.9 10.0 52.6 59.8 47.9 49.2 47.4 40.2 52.1 50.8 70.8 58.7 89.8 56.6 0.3 0.8 5.5 6.3 2.5 9.5 4.8 1.8 7.6 4.8 8.2 8.0 11.0 3.2 19.8 19.6 28.0 4.8 12.6 14.3 12.7 9.5 7.8 5.4 6.8 14.3 32.4 34.8 26.3 39.7 8.5 9.8 4.2 14.3 9
Panam et al World Bank IMD IMD 10
38.4 41.4 20.5 100.0 29.2 10.5 2.4 42.0 7.5 25.4 17.6 53.9 2.7 11.9 3.7 18.3 1.0 0.7 10.8 12.5 0.7 6.8 0.3 7.8 1.4 2.4 0.7 4.4 1.7 1.0 2.7 0.3 0.7 1.4 2.4 1.0 0.3 0.3 1.7 0.3 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.3 5.8 5.8 0.3 0.3 5.1 5.1 0.3 0.3 1.6 1.0 1.4 4.0 4.9 29.3 13.4 47.6 3.6 16.9 3.3 23.8 1.0 10.7 8.8 20.5 0.3 1.3 1.6 0.3 1.3 1.6 26.1 6.8 3.3 36.2 11.1 4.6 1.3 16.9 6.2 2.3 1.6 10.1 8.8 0.0 0.3 9.1 2.9 1.6 1.0 5.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 2.6 2.3 0.7 2.9 2.9 1.0 1.3 5.2 2.0 0.7 2.6 0.7 0.7 0.3 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.6 2.3 1.6 5.5 1.6 1.0 0.3 2.9 1.3 1.3 2.6 22.5 16.6 16.6 55.7 15.9 24.6 3.8 44.3 11
- 3,820 2,537 4,575 4,572 1,460 814 1,540 1,515 3,104 1,856 4,285 4,738 3,072 2,596 4,395 4,000 5,005 3,100 5,550 4,808 4,342 -- 4,323 4,359 4,654 -- 4,728 4,400 3,970 2,759 4,722 4,150 3,675 2,215 4,367 4,664 3,876 2,603 4,715 4,501 3,639 2,198 4,019 4,864 12
ε β β β + + + = 2 1 0 ln Y X W (1) lnw X Y X 0 1 2 X Y Panam et al 13
3762.20 3821.34 (1305.93) (1302.86) 8.16 8.18 (0.39) (0.37) 24.99 25.60 (5.12) (5.28) 49.39 53.04 (33.02) (32.97) 8.41 8.53 (3.24) (3.12) 48.21 51.97 36.90 37.80 22.62 20.47 5.95 6.30 16.67 18.11 13.10 12.60 4.76 4.72 38.69 39.37 6.55 7.09 15.48 18.11 26.19 22.05 13.10 13.39 31.55 32.28 39.88 35.43 28.57 32.28 168 127 14
0.0554 0.0646 (0.0298) (0.0324) 2-0.0010-0.0011 (0.0005) (0.0006) 0.0032 0.0008 (0.0020) (0.0024) 0.0000 0.0000 (0.0000) (0.0000) 0.0139 0.0021 (0.0065) (0.0074) 0.0686 (0.0494) 0.1632 0.1633 (0.0450) (0.0488) -0.1878-0.1843 (0.0593) (0.0660) -0.1340-0.1900 (0.0935) (0.1002) -0.0751-0.1855 (0.0815) (0.0875) 0.0157-0.0582 (0.0711) (0.0781) -0.0598-0.0981 (0.1055) (0.1164) -0.2779-0.2693 (0.0878) (0.0985) 0.0993 0.0753 (0.0797) (0.0888) 0.0575 0.0370 (0.0713) (0.0827) -0.0275 0.0284 (0.0756) (0.0888) 0.6663 0.6581 (0.0679) (0.0801) 0.5943 0.6135 (0.0820) (0.0909) 6.7103 6.8364 (0.4040) (0.4523) 0.637 0.638 14.505 11.307 168 127 15
21 ILO, LABORSTAhttp://laborsta.ilo.org/ 16
ASEAN Arnold, Dennis The situation of Burmese Migrant Workers in Moe Sot, Thailand, Working Paper Series No.71, Southeast Asia Research Centre the City University of Hong Kong Arnold, Dennis and Hewison, Kevin Exploitation in Global Supply Chains: Burmese Migrant Workers in Mae Sot, Thailand, Journal of Contemporary Asia, Vol.no., pp. Immigration and Manpower Department, Burma Population Census Martin, Philip in Collaboration with International Labor Office ILO, International Organization for Migration IOM Asian Research Center for Migration ARCM, Institute for Population and Social Research IPSR Thailand Development Research Institute TDRI Thailand: Improving the Management of Foreign Workers, ILO National Statistical Office Report of the Labor Force Survey Quarterly Panam, Awatsaya, Gaouette, Therese, Khaing Mar Kyaw Zaw and Punpuing Sureeporn Migrant Domestic Workers: From Burma to Thailand, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University Sonthsakyothin, Sakdina Major Factors Affecting policy Changes on Illegal Migrant Workers in Thailand, A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fluffiest of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Administration School of Public Administration, the National Institute of Development Administration World Bank World Development Indicators 17