3 1 2 3 4 1980 NPM 269 2017 329
Le Grand 2008 21 3 1990 voucher quasi-market Steuerle: 4 330
1869 1873 1 19 1917 70 30 Ritzen:329-330 1930 1943 1964 food stamp Steuerle: 120 1955 2 1 Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice School choice in America http://www. edchoice.org/school-choice/school-choice-in-america/. School choice, from Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/school_choice. 2 J.S. 1859 Steuerle: 253 269 2017 331
parents vouchers GI Friedman 1955 127-128 1962 6 Steuerle: 253 1975 71-72 : 211 1791 92 : 337 332
1962=2008 177-178 1962=2008 183-184 1960 1976 1960 1990 1990 1996 269 2017 333
1988 2000 15 1998 34 DC Steuerle: 254-260 2000 10 Steuerle: 504-505 quasi-market 1993 1995 2 1999 199 1989 Le Grand 1993: vii 2003 2005 2007 334
2008=2010: 38 2002 Salamon: 446 Salamon: 32 269 2017 335
Le Grand 1992: 130 3 4 2008=2010 13-20 6 3 1975 governance structure Williamson 1975=1980: vi 15 336
Le Grand 1993: 2-9 269 2017 337
1979 1987 GDP 1979 1988 23 1988 89 Le Grand 1993: 3 1988 1989 1990 NHS 1992 4 160 600 338
1990 1991 4 1988 1980 2008=2010: 6 2009 269 2017 339
2009 2000 WHO 1974 7 2 : 421 1980 1990 1961 1922 3 340
2 19 1 269 2017 341
31-33 2 3 1883 8 126-129 175-177 : 4 1883 1884 1889 1878 19 6 3 2 342
1911 1931 QM 153-156 2007 149 269 2017 343
3 1906 1914 1911 1908 6 3 1 2 2 99-100 1939 25% 1945 1946 344
1948 NHS 3 1980 1997 88 2008=2010: 4 4 8 1 3 32 20 1905 1847 269 2017 345
1886 1917 1918 1920 19 1921 1929 35-41 1930 43-56 1943 1943 1919 346
57-71 1945 4 1952 1950 72-92 1960 1965 108-114 1993 1993 143-148 2010 3 7 269 2017 347
26 2012 6 28 7 2 5 4 6 1911 1916 1922 1927 1920 1921 1920 8 41 10 1987 61 1200 100 348
500 2 3% 1922 23 18 3 1987: 68-69 1938 1 1 1938 4 269 2017 349
89 73-74 3 5 1934 1987 :88-89, 72 350
1941 2013 672 1942 1944 10331 4048 10600 10343 107 GHQ 1947 6 1948 1951 1949 50 1950 70% 1051 100% 1953 2 2500 1956 3058 182-190 1948 1953 1954 191 1950 1957 5 269 2017 351
1958 12 1959 1 164-167 5 5 5 5 2 1961 4 1 5 3670 4900 1956 1958 1962 1 167-168 1906 352
1923 1930 : 82-83 1961 4 1990 4 2015 1991 1997 269 2017 353
1994 260-261 260 2000 1994 12 : 3 4 354
1998 6 17 : 164 269 2017 355
1997 : 101 1994 1 19 : 71-72 356
1963 2000 3 2015 100-116 1991 1997 12 2000 40 65 1 9 3 145 117-140 2003 269 2017 357
4 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 146 2006 9 1 4 1 2 1 2012 2012 3 2015 4 24 358
2014 1922 1990 5 5 1997 1 27 2003 3 31 2004 269 2017 359
6 2009, 2015b RIETI Discussion Paper Series 15-J-022 2015 1990 2015 J.C. 1996 2014-16 1 8 259 267 2014 2016 2009 6 2006 3 2003 2011 2013 360
2009 44 2009 NPO 2014 2015a RIETI Discussion Paper Series 15-J-022 2015b RIETI Discussion Paper Series 15-J-023 2001 2008 44 1 J 2014 2014 1999 48 1 2012 60 2 2002 2009 44 4 2004 J. E., S.D. 1998 1995 Quasi-markets 112 1999 35 3 2004 1999 77 269 2017 361
2004 39 2011 133 2014a 31 2014b 1 32 2015 2 33 2006 2008 2011 1996 1976 1987 2011 2003 2000 2011 2009 2015 http://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shinseido/outline/pdf/setsumei.pdf 2009 3 38 2 1998 1997 309 F.H. 1988 10 362
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