1-4) q T sat T w T S E D.N.B.(Departure from Nucleate Boiling)h(=q/ T sat ) F q B q D 3) 1
5-7) 4)
T W [K] T B [K]T BPR [K] B.P.E.Boiling Pressure Rising T B T W T BPR (3.1) Dühring T BPR T W T W T B T BPR =T B T W T BPR h p 1 Δp=ρgh p 1 Δp T W 3
Dühring F [g/s]x F V [g/s] L [g/s] x L S [g/s]c [g/s] F S V L C [ S C] (4.1) Fx F Lx L (4.) S C L V V F 1 x x F L (4.3) V [g/h], i V [J/g], T V [] =T B F [g/h] i F [J/g] T F [] x F [] D [g/h] =S i D [J/g] T B [] S [g/h] i S [J/g] L [g/h], i L [J/g] =i B, T L [] =T B, x L [] 4
8-9) i F i V i L i S i D [J/g] Si S Fi F Si D Vi V Li L (5.1) (3.1)L S( i S i D ) Fi F Vi V ( F V ) i L (5.) S( is id ) F( il if ) V ( iv il ) (5.3) T L [K]T B [K]i L i B [J/g] S( is id ) F( ib if ) V( iv ib) (5.4) (i S i D ) λ S [J/g] is id λs (5.5) (i B i F ) ib if Cp ( TB TF ) (5.6) C p [J/(gK)]T F [K] (i V i B ) λ V [J/g] iv ib V (5.7) (5.5)(5.7)(5.4)S S S FCp ( TB TF ) V V (5.8) S FC ( T T ) V p B F V S (5.9) Q [J/s] T o T ro =Q/h o A o (6.1) T ro T wo =Q/h so A so (6.) T wo T wi =Q/{(/l)A av }(6.3) T wi T si =Q/h si A si (6.4) T si T i =Q/h i A i (6.5) h [W/(m K)]h s [W/(m K)] [W/(mK)]l [m]a [m ]i o s w (6.1)(6.5)A i [m ] Q To Ti (6.6) 1 1 1 1 h A h A A h A h A o o so so av si si i i 5
T o T so T wo A o To Ti Q U i Ai ΔT 1 1 1 Ai Ai 1 Ai 1 Ai A h h A A h A h A i i si si av so so o o l h o h so A so h si A av A si h i A i (6.7) r o T si T i r i Twi Q A [Δ T T T T T (6.8) ] i o i S B UiΔT 1 1 1 A A 1 A 1 A i i i i Ui hi hsi Asi Aav hso Aso ho A (6.9) o A si A so A i A o 1 1 1 A 1 A 1 A U h h A h A h A i i i i i si av so o o o A A, A A (6.10) si i so o A i =πr i =πd i (6.11)A o =πr o =πd o (6.1)A av =πr av =πd av (6.13) r [m]d [m] (6.10)U i [W/(m K)] 1 1 1 D 1 D 1 D D D (6.14) i i i i o Dav Ui hi hsi Dav hso Do ho Do A o [m ]U o [W/(m K)] T T 1 1 1 1 h A h A A h A h A o i Q o o so so av si si i i (6.6) To Ti Q U o Ao ΔT 1 1 1 Ao Ao 1 Ao 1 Ao A h h A A h A h A o o so so av si si i i (6.15) 6
Q A [Δ T T T T T (6.16) ] o o i S B UoΔT 1 1 1 Ao 1 Ao 1 Ao U h h A h A h A o o so av si i i i A A, A A (6.17) si i so o 1 1 1 D 1 D 1 D D D (6.18) U h h D h D h D o o o i o Dav o o so av si i i i Q (5.9) Q SS FCp ( TB TF ) V V (6.19) λ S [J/g]S [g/s] λ S S FC p (T B T F )Vλ V 3, 10-14) A U U h i 3, 10-13) (Re>10000)L (L/D>60)Pr=0.710 Dittus-Boelter hd 0.041 DG 0.8 C p 0.4 0.8 0.4 Nu 0.041Re Pr (7.1) hd 0.064 DG 0.8 C p 0.3 0.8 0.3 Nu 0.064Re Pr (7.) C p [J/(gK)] D [m] G [g/(m s)] h i [W/(m K)] [W/(mK)]n []μ [Pas] McAdams hd 0.03 DG 0.8 C p 0.4 0.8 0.4 Nu 0.03Re Pr (7.3) Nu []Re []Pr [] Colburnh St j H h Cp C u p 3 0. 0.03 DG /3 0. jh StPr 0.03Re (7.4) j H j-[]u [m/s] 7
h Nu (Re)(Pr) hd 0.03 DG 0.8 C p 1 3 0.8 1/3 Nu 0.03Re Pr (7.5) Sieder & Tate& McAdams Sieder & Tate Sieder-Tate hd 0.03 DG 0.8 C p 1/3 0.14 0.14 0.8 1/3 Nu 0.03Re Pr (7.6) w w μ w [Pas] Sieder-Tate 0.03 0.07 McAdams 0.03 3) (Re<100)Sieder-Tate 1/3 1/3 1/3 0.14 hd DG Cp D 1.86 L w (7.7) (100<Re<10000)Colburn j- N L 13) h o 14) 4 Re (7.8) [g/(ms)] (Re<100) h 0.95 g 1/3 W D (7.9) h 1/3 1.47Re 3 g 1/3 (7.10) 8
h 0.76 g 1/3 W L (7.11) D [m] g [m/s ] h o [W/(m K)] [W/(m K)]L [m]w [g/s]ρ [g/m 3 ]μ [Pas] (Re>100) 1/3 h 0.0077Re 3 g 0.4 (7.1) h s 15) D E [m] D E 4V G V (8.1) G V [g/(m s)]v [g/s] 16-17) U Q c [J] dq d c UA Δ T (9.1) T (T S T B )[K]θ [s] 1/U Q c 1 1 U U 0 Q c (9.) U 0 [W/(m K)]α U Q c θ du U dq (9.3) c (9.1)dQ c 9
1 b a Δ, 1 U 0 a A T b U (9.4) (9.1)U Q c τ Q c AΔT b a b a (9.5) 1 n 1 Q d [J/day] Q d nq (9.6) c 1 θ w [h]1 n [1/day] n 4 w (9.7) (9.6)(9.5)(9.7)1 Q d [J/day]τ [h] Q d 48AΔT b a b a w (9.8) 6, 17-18) 4 10
17) 3 V 1 V V 3 F(1 x F x L3 ) (10.1) 1 V 1 F(1 x F x L1 ) (10.) V ( F V 1 )(1 x L1 x L ) (10.3) 3 V 3 ( F V 1 V )(1 x L x L3 ) (10.4) 1 Q 1 S S FCpF( TB1 TF ) V1 1 (10.5) Q V1 1 ( F V1 ) Cp1( TB TB1) V (10.6) 3 Q 3 V ( F V1 V ) Cp( TB3 TB ) V3 3 (10.7) C C C C λ λ λ pf p1 1 Q U A T ) (10.8) p 1 1 1( S TB1 Q U A ( TB1 TB Q3 U3A3 ( TB TB3 A A A3 A ) (10.9) 3 ) (10.10) 1 p λs 1 7 (A, T B1, T B, V 1, V, V 3, S)(10.1)(10.5)(10.10) 7 1 18) 11
V 1 V V 3 F x F S T B1, C pf T B, C p1 T B3, C p U 1, A 1 U, A U 3, A 3 L 1, x L1 L, x L L 3, x L3 λ= 00000 A=.8 (1)= 49 Cp= 400 TB1= 100.5 (5)= 0 U1= 300 TB= 84.9 (6)= 0 U= 1700 V1= 0.76 (7)= 17 U3= 100 V= 0.309 (8)= 7 F= 1.40 V3= 0.348 (9)= xf= 0.100 Vs= 0.464 (10)= 3 xl3= 0.300 = 98 TF= 30.0 TB3= 60.0 Ts= 10 λt s 1), ;, (1981), 3.9 );, (1967), 4.3.4 3);, (198), 5.1 4);, 45(3), 191-197 (1981) 5);, (1978), 4.3 6);, (1975), 5 7), ;, (1967), 007 8),, ;, (1967),.1 9); 3, (006), 3.7 10)J.M. Coulson and J.F. Richardson; Chemical Engineering Vol.1 (6ed.), Butter-worth Heinemann(00), 9.4.3 11),,, ;, (197), 7..4 1),,, ;, (001), 4.3.1 13);, (1975), pp.94-96 14);, (009), -3 15); 3, (1998), 4. 16);, (1978), 4.6. 17)J.W. Mullin; Crystallization 4th ed., Butterworth-Heinemann (001), pp.379-38 18), ; Excel, (006), pp.10-11 1
305 wt%40 t/day 30 wt% 70 Pa 0 Pa D D av 990 g/m 3 16.7 W/(mK) 0.60 mpas 9 mm 3.9 J/(gK) 1 mm 0.60 W/(mK) 934 g/m 3.3 m 0.15 mpas (h si )5000 W/(m K) 0.58 W/(mK) (h so )10000 W/(m K) 1.8 m/s (1-1)T BPR [] (1-)V [t/day] (1-3)S [t/day] (1-4)h i [W/(m K)] (Re>10000)Colburn (1-5)h o [W/(m K)] W [g/s]c [g/s]c S [g/s] (1-6)U i [W/(m K)] (1-7)A[m ] (1-8)N[] 8000 J/(m h) 130 50 500 J/(m h) 70 1 5.00 10 8 J/day 1 5 h 100 m (-1)(9.3) (-)(9.4)a b (-3)τ [h] 13
10 6 (1-1)14, (1-)00 t/day, (1-3)33 t/day, (1-4)660 W/(m K), (1-5)49664 W/(m K), (1-6)1917 W/(m K), (1-7)54.5 m, (1-8)53, (-1), (-)a=.89 10 9, b=1.56 10 8, (-3)5.54 h 14