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Transcription:

5 0

2003 14 4 6,180 KW 5,100 ( ) utilities Utilities utilities

utilities AEP 11 FERC utilities ( ) utilities

utility

6 9 9 12 14 17 17 9 12 17 timeline 18 ( ) ( ) ( ) 26 26 27 ( ) ( ) 29 ( ) ( ) ( ) AEP ( ) 37 37 38 PJM 40 ( ) ( ) ( ) 42 45

45 RTO 46 vs 47 48 49 50 50 51 52 53

8 14 21 2000 2001

2003 8 14 9 12 RTO vs 2003 10 20

2003 8 13 by US Air Force 2003 8 14

. utility FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 1996 888 889 utilities restructuring 1998 ( ) ( ) 2003 Energy-Information-Administration

Utilities FERC RTO Regional Transmission Organization SMD Standard Market Design RTO utility FERC RTO ISO ISO Independent System Operator utilities RTO PJM- Interconnection PJM utilities 1927 80 Pennsylvania New-Jersey Maryland PJM DC NY-ISO NY 1965 NY-Power-Pool 1996 FERC 888 1999 PX ISO utilities NERC North America Electricity Reliability Comity ISO- NE New England MISO Mid-West ISO MISO RTO 2002 CA-ISO utility EPCOT-ISO FERC

FERC utilities Se-Trans 23 utilities MISO 30 utilities NY-ISO RTO (SMD) RTO FERC

2003 14 11 5,100 2003 8 2003 14 11 6,180 5,100 100 22 8 16 10 10 700 6,180 1,300 2,000 kw ISO 2,200 kw

kw ISO NERC 8/14 4 8 16 10 NY 15 16 15 ERC 19,900MW 24 68 15 22 NY NY 15 100 1 5 10 16 NJ 10 NY 35 10 700 10 NY 4 utility 12

24 23 40 9 12 CNN utility 30 AEP

AEP (American Electric Power) AEP 30 AEP AEP (375kV) AEP ( ) ITC(International Transmission Company) AEP 0 200 kw NJ NY 1000 kw PJM NY NY NE New-England blackout NY NY NY 1/2

NY NE NE PJM NE NY NJ NY NY NE NE

NERC. DOE NERC FERC (PUC) ISO utilities 9 12 Time- Line Timeline root-cause 230kV 14 14

Time-Line (1) 12:05:44 1:31:34 3 AEP (376MW) 600MW Dayton Power & Light Cinergy Corp AEP PJM NY-ISO 200MW EastLake5 597MW MISO 2:02 2 3:05:41 3:41:33 30 ( 32 41 ) 345kV 2 AEP 138kV overload 600MW

32 375kV 1 32 375kv 1 Overheat 30 30 3:45:33 4:08:58 2 345kV 1 58 345kV 3:42:49 4:08:58 138kV AEP

AEP MISO 25 ITC ITC 150MW 200MW (2) 4:08:58 4:10:27 345kV AEP 0.020hz 0.027hz 700 950MW ( ) ITC

2,200MW ITC 4:10:00 4:10:38 10 40 20 ( 2,174MW) ( ) 10 37 (345kV) 38 ( 1,265MW) 39 (345kV) 10 38

NY NY (counterclockwise) (3) 4:10:40 4:10:44 NY 4 10 40 44 4 NY 345kV 230kV NY NJ NY 4:10:41 4 10 41 (345kV) Perry (1252 ) Avon-Lake (616MW) 4:10:42 4:10:45

10 42 45 10 45 NJ Brunchburg-Ramapo 500kV NY NY NJ 4;10;46 4;10:55 NY NE NY 10 46 55 NY (NE) NY NY NE NE NY 10 48 NY NY NY 15 2500MW 4:10:50 4:11:57 NY NY 10 50 11 57 67 NY NY 10 50 NY 765kV NY NY upstate-ny 11 10 24,000MW 22,500MW NY 1/2 11 22 345kV NE Long-Island-Sound 138kV 500MW 22

4 13 2003 14 13 island NY 5700MW DC 2003 ( ) (T/L ) (P/P ) 12:05 P/P : AEP Conesville 1:14 P/P DTE Greenwood 1:31 P/P First Energy Eastlake 2:02 T/L 3:05 T/L Harding-Chamberlain First Energy 3:32 T/L Hanna-Juniper First Energy 3:41 T/L First Energy Star-South Canton AEP 3:45 T/L Canton Central-Tidd AEP 58 4:06 T/L First Energy Sammis-Star 4:08 4:09 T/L Galion-Ohio Central -Muskingum East Lima-Fostoria Central AEP

4:09 P/P Kinder-Morgan s 4:10 20 4:10 4:10 Midland Cogeneration Venture 4:10 4:10 Perry-Ashtabula-Erie 4:10 NY 4:10 Fostoria Central-Galion 4:10 First Energy Perry 1 Avon-Lake 4:10 Beaver-Davis Besse 4:10 Campbell NJ 4:10 Keith-Waterman 4:10 Wana-Marathon 4:10 Branchburg-Ramapo 4:10 NY (NE) NE ( ) NY 4:10 NY 4:11 4:11 Long Mountain-Plum Tree 4:11 4;13 NY NJ NE AEP American Electric Power DTE Detroit Electricity Energy

finger pointing ITC AEP PJM Mid-Atlantic AEP MISO Mid-West MISO MISO MISO MISO

90 MISO (1) Real Power Reactive Power Total Reactive Power static devices called Capacitors Lightly Loaded T/L RP

Voltage Collapse (2)

PJM ( ) 1996 utilities (1) Blackout AEP utility AEP Mid-West Mid-Atlantic NY Mid-West AEP Mid-Atlantic AEP PJM NJ 7 utilities M&A 4 430 36,100 1300 kw 14,700 4

utilities HP (2) Mid-West MISO Mid West Independent System Operator 2002 PJM NY-ISO 15 23 utilities Mid-West MISO utilities PJM Mid-West 350 utilities Moler FERC PJM PJM PJM

utility PECO Philadelphia Electric Company EXC( Exelon Corp) ISO EXC PJM RTO 2003 11 PJM PJM MISO Joint Operating Agreement PJM Mid-West MISO PJM utilities AEP MISO PJM (3) AEP AEP American Electric Power AEP PJM AEP AEP 11 490 197,500 200 MWH 38,000 AEP AEP HP

186,000 5 AEP AEP RTO RTO 2003 10 1 Grid operator membership utilities Jurisdiction Regional Entities public interest AEP RTO FERC FERC RTO AEP AEP RTO FERC AEP AEP AEP AEP AEP utility PECO

(4) RTO FERC NY PJM Mid-Atlantic ISO Independent System Operator PJM NY Mid-west AEP utilities FERC 3 utilities FERC 1996 FERC 888 889 utility Utilities

utilities RTO SMD ( ) Energy-Information-Administration

9 FERC RTO utilities utilities utilities utilities utilities utilities PJM utilities

utilities NGO interesting-question. 1920

1990 IT 1950 60 21 FERC 10 15 utility utility AEP AEP AEP

AEP NIMBY Not In My Back Yard FERC NIMBY MISO utilities Utilities ( ) ( )

utility Utilities utilities NGO NGO NERC PJM ITC MISO AEC WSJ PJM PJM

. ( ) Nobody is responsible for the reliance of power line. Utilities ISO FERC utility ISO PUC Public Utility Committee utilities FERC ISO MISO Mid-West ( ) utilities NERC 1965

FERC FERC 1 RTO FERC utilities ( ) ISO utilities ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO utilities ISO tragedy-of-the-commons ISO

ISO DOE/EIA 2000 MISO Mid-west ISO 2002 2 ( ) 1999 12 FERC Order2000 RTO PJM NY-ISO NE-ISO Midwest ISO RTO ISO 6.

utilities RO Utilities ISO RTO Utility utilities utilities utilities utilities

--- Utilities

. utilities PUC 23 FERC FERC FERC RTO DC RTO 2000

NGO DC deregulation restructuring NGO NY 2006 Utilities 18 NY utilities. RTO FERC RTO Reagional Transmission Organization FERC FERC 1996 888 889 1999 12 2000 RTO FERC RTO

RTO RTO FERC price-cap RTO RTO reality Robert-McCullough 8 18 utilities ISO tragedy of the commons RTO RTO FERC. vs 9/11 ESCO

WSJ 10 N 600 kw ESCO NY NGO. 3 EPRI Electric Power Research Institute FACTS Flexible Alternate Current Transmission Systems

. NERC FERC FERC ROE 10 15 20 15 15 FERC RTO 2007 RTO

. 10 ( ) utilities ( )

. utility NY Times W J Washington Post RTO utilities utilities utility utility utilities

. Utilities 10 Utilities 1 DC utility DC utilities

L G LNG 1998

Civil-War utilities utilities PJM