* 2001 (B) ** 113-0033 7-3-1 TEL(03)5841-5641FAX(03)5841-5521iwamoto@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp
1990 1990 1 2 3 1 (2002) 2 social infrastructure social capital Woolcook (1998) 3-1 -
- 2 -
1990 Mera (1973) G Cobb-Douglas ln Y = α + β ln G + β ln K + β ln L + ε (1) G K L 4 Ratner (1983)Aschauer (1989) Asako and Wakasugi (1984)(1990a) Mera (1973)Ratner (1983) Aschauer (1989) 5 Aschauer (1989) 1970 Barro (1981)Aschauer and Greenwald (1985) 1970 60 6 Interstate Highway 1970 4 Y K L Meade (1952) GKL KL 5 (1990a) Ratner (1983) 6 Jorgenson (1988) - 3 -
7 Aschauer (1989) 8 Hulten and Schwab (1986) Snow BeltSun Belt Snow Belt Hulten and Schwab (1986) 1951 1978 Sun Belt Snow Belt Snow Belt Snow Belt 9 1970 Jorgenson and Nishimizu (1978), Jorgenson and Kuroda (1992) 19701975 7 Gramlich (1994) 8 Ratner (1983) 9 (1991) - 4 -
- 5 -
(1990a) 10 (a) Baumol [1968] (b) Arrow and Kurz [1969] (c) Sandmo and Dreze [1971] t t ( kt + gt ) = f ( kt gt ) ct k& + g& + n, (2) (2) 10 (1990a) Aschauer (1989) Aschauer (1989)1988 Journal of Monetary Economics 1988 (1990a)1987 1988 1989-6 -
U t ρ ( s ) ( c ) e = t u s t ds (3) ρ f f = ρ (4) k = g ( ) k = k (5) t g t (5)(2) f k k = 1 + ρ (6) g g g f k (6) (6) (6)(a)(b)(c) k g = 1(a) k g = 0 (b) - 7 -
- 8 -
4.1 (1994) 60 65 70 (1994)1958 80 68 1958 81 70 4.2 (4) f kk dg = dk (7) f kg f kg (1996) 19661973-9 -
1984 11 4.3 (4) Ogura and Yohe (1977) Burgess (1988) (1) (2)(3) (1) 12 11 (1994) (1994)(1996) 12-10 -
13 14 13 (1988)(1995) (1996) 14 (1996) (2003a) e.g., 1996 (2003a) (2003a) 1996 37-11 -
(2) (1) Cobb-Douglas Lynde and Richmond (1992) (3) 4.4 37 (2003a) (1996) (1996) (2003a) - 12 -
(1999a, 1999b)Shioji (1999) (2000, 2001) (1999)(1999)(2001)(2003) 15 (1998)(1999) 1996 4.4 [1] β (1990a)(1994) (1995)Nemoto, Kamada and Kawamura (1999)(1999) (1999a)(1999) 16 K 15 (2001) 16 Asako - 13 -
(1999a) 1970 (1999) 1982 1993 17 (1989)(1995) (1995) 18 and Wakasugi (1984)(1994)(1995)(1998)(2000) 17 Merriman (1990)1963 14 18 (2002) - 14 -
(1999b) 19 1990 1980 (2002) Mera(1973) (1993)(1994)(1994,1996)(1995)(1995) (1995)(1996)(1996)(1998)(1997)(1997)(1999) (2000)Yamano and Ohkawara (2000)Kim(2001)(2002) (2003)(2004a) (1995) 19 Merriman (1990) (1995)(1996)(1998)(1999)(1999)(2000)Ihori and Kondo (2001)(2004b) - 15 -
1999 20 4.3 20 2001-16 -
4.3 GDP 21 GDP GDP (1995) 21 (1990b) - 17 -
- 18 -
(1996) 40 1-13 Arrow, Kenneth J., and Mordecai Kurz (1969), "Optimal Public Investment Policy and Controllability with Fixed Private Savings Ratio," Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 1, No. 2, August, pp. 141-77. (1993) 26 97-101 (1994) 135 Asako, Kazumi, and Ryuhei Wakasugi (1984), Government Capital, Income Distribution, and Optimal Taxation, 80 36-51 Aschauer, David Alan (1989), Is Public Expenditure Productive? Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 25, pp. 177-200., and Jeremy Greenwood (1985), Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Vol. 23, pp. 91-138. Barro, Robert J. (1981), Output Effects of Government Purchases, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 89, No. 6, December, pp. 1086-1121. (1999) Japan Research Review 9 6-32 Burgess, D. F. (1988), Complementarity and the Discount Rate for Public Investment, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 102, pp. 527-541. Baumol, William J. (1968), "On the Social Rate of Discount," American Economic Review, Vol. 58, No. 4, September, pp. 788-802. (1995) (1998)No. 16127-52 (2002) (2003) (1995) 29 10 126-162 - 19 -
Gramlich, Edward M. (1994), Infrastructure Investment: A Review Essay, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 32, No. 3, September, pp. 1176-1196. (1998) 119 738-756 (2003a) 169 87-107 (2003b) 171 12 28-46 (1997) 11 12 12 1-18 (1989) 47 79-101 Hulten, Charles R., and Robert M. Schwab (1984), Regional Productivity Growth in U.S. Manufacturing: 1951-78, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 74, No. 1, March, pp. 152-162. (1999) 38 107-129 (1999) 15 10 19-35 (2003) 29-65 (1998) 47 10 106-133 Ihori, Toshihiro and Hiroki Kondo (2001), Efficiency of Disaggregate Public Capital in Japan, Public Finance and Management, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 161-182. (1999) 89-110 (1990a) 41 250-261 (1990b)40242-250 (1996) 41 12 27-52 Jorgenson, Dale W., (1988), Productivity and Postwar U.S. Economic Growth, Journal - 20 -
of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 2, No. 4, Fall, pp. 23-41., and Masahiro Kuroda (1992), Production and International Competitiveness in Japan and the United States, 1960-1985, Economic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 4, December, pp. 313-325., and Mieko Nishimizu (1978), U.S. and Japanese Economic Growth, 1952-1974: An International Comparison, Economic Journal, Vol. 88, December, pp. 707-726. (1994) 45 31-40 (1998) Vol.19-211 (1997) 37 35-49 (1999) 39 76-96 (1999) 39 55-75 Lynde, Catherine, and James Richmond (1992), The Role of Capital in Production, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 34, pp. 37-44. Meade J. E. (1952), External Economies and Diseconomies in a Competitive Situation, Economic Journal, Vol. 62, No. 245, March, pp. 54-67. Mera, Koichi (1973), Regional Production Functions and Social Overhead Capital: An Analysis of the Japanese Case, Regional and Urban Economics, Vol. 3, No. 2, May, pp. 157-186. Merriman, David (1990), Public Capital and Regional Output: Another Look at Some Japanese and American Data, Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 20, pp. 437-458. (2001) 52 3-26 (1995) 43-65 (1995) 155-171 (1995) 205-261 - 21 -
(2000) 30 10 97-111 (2004a) 48 58-75 (2004b) 39-48 (2000)FRI Review 10 48-69 (2002) (1999a) 39 97-115 (1999b) 52 12 67-84 Nemoto, Jiro, Kimiyoshi Kamada and Makoto Kawamura(1990) Estimates of Optimal Public Capital Stocks in Japan Using a Public Investment Discount Rate Framework, Empirical Economics, Vol. 24, Issue 4, pp. 693-710. (1994) 78-95 (1999) 27 31-49 Ogura, Seiritsu, and Gary Yohe (1977), "The Complementarity of Public and Private Capital and the Optimal Rate of Return to Government Investment," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 91, No. 4, November, pp. 651-62. (1995) 34 45-57 Kim Yoon Kyung (2001) 45 51-66 (1995) 56-72 (1994) 19-36 Ratner, Jonathan B. (1983), Government Capital and the Production Function for U.S. Private Output, Economics Letters, Vol. 13, Nos. 2/3, pp. 213-217. (1998) - 22 -
45 155-171 Sandmo, Agnar, and Jacques H. Dreze (1971), Discount Rates for Public Investment in Closed and Open Economies, Economica, Vol. 38, No. 152, November, pp. 395-412. Shioji, Etsuro (1999), Convergence in Output per Capita and Public Capital in Japan: Evidence from the Corrected LSDV Method, 49 34 33-48 (2000) 191-210 (2001) 52 53-68 (1991) 19-35 (1999) 52 12 42-66 (2000) 163 17-33 Yamano, Norihiko, and Toru Ohkawara (2000), The Regional Allocation of Public Investment: Efficiency or Equity, Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 40, No. 2, May, pp. 205-229. (1997) (1994) 161-190 (1996) 40 (1999a) 13-33 (1999b) 35-88 (1988)6 42-47 Woolcock, Michael (1998), Social Capital and Economic Development, Theory and Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, April, pp. 151-208. - 23 -
(2002) 3-411995 GDP GDP 68SNA 1990 (2002) 3-41 1995 GDP 1980 93SNA 1990 1979 68SNA 1980 93SNA 68SNA - 1 -