: 82 1 2013 7 2010 2011 1 30 2010 30 2011 30 2010 9 10 11 2011 1 2 1 2010 9 UK UK UK UK UK p. 843 45
82 1 1 UK 9 9 2007-08 UK 30% 30 20%30 150 30 32.5% 2030% p. 843 3 2004-05 5% 5% 75% p. 843 2010 11 1963 p. 844 46
: 25% 50% 4% 2008-9 R&D100% R&D 125% 150% p. 844 1980 1986 1984 1980 UK p. 844 2010 9 Box 9.1 1980 100% 50% 1982-83 52% 86-87 35% p. 845 UK GDP 9.3 1970 2004 8% p. 847 30 9.5p. 849 p. 850 1980 1978 p. 850 47
82 1 p. 850 4 1 2 imputation system tax credit 3 flow - of - funds taxes 4 p. 851 corporate flow of funds 231 Real itemsfinancial itemsshare itemstax items 30 p. 851 R&D p. 851 p. 852 9 30 4 1 ; 48
: 2 4 2 ; 3 ; a flow - of - funds 3 4 ; 2 2 7 2 pp. 853-854 4 4 3 3 4 3 2 3 4 p. 855 4 p. 855 2010 49
82 1 2011 1 p. 856 p. 856 2010 10 10 2 1 RR+FS 3 3 p. 857 30 p. 857 21 50
: IFSInstitute of Fiscal Studies 2003 p. 857 p. 859 R p. 860R+F p. 860 R+F R p. 861 3 2 p. 861 p. 861 51
82 1 Harberger1962 2 p. 861 imputation system Miller1977 3 p. 862Auerbach and King1983 4 Miller Miller p. 862 King1974 5 earnings p. 862Sinn1991 6 p. 863 2010 10 2010 9 p. 863 p. 863 10 p. 864 2010 9 52
: p. 863 Feldstein and Horioka1980 7 p. 864 9 9.7 p. 864 4 1 2 3 tax bases p. 867 1 53
82 1 p. 867 p. 868 p. 868 p. 868 2010 9 p. 869 p. 870A B C D E R&DF G H 5 BEFGH 3 R&D 54
: pp. 871-872 flow - of - funds 3 EC EU p. 873 R R+F=S 2 2 p. 874 p. 874 3 3 p. 875 2 immediate expensing pp. 875-876 Boadway Bruce 1984 8 55
82 1 IFS 1991 9 R R+F the Allowance for Corporate Equity=ACE p. 877 ACE 1992 CBIT CBIT p. 878 p. 878 CBIT p. 878 CBIT the dual income tax p. 878 p. 878 p. 878 27 56
: an imputed rate of interest p. 878 CBIT p. 879 2 earnings pp. 880-881 2 p. 882 2 2 pp. 882-10 883Bond and Devereux2002 Grubert and Neulon1995, 1997 11 p. 883 57
82 1 1 30 p. 883 p. 883 p. 883 R R p. 883 p. 884 p. 885 58
: p. 888 2010 9 9 R R+F p. 890 5 30 30 2010 9 10 10 2000 01 4 3 OECD OECD arms length price pp. 920-923 Harberger1962 2 p. 924 rents 59
82 1 p. 927 pp. 928-929 10 p. 931 p. 933 p. 934 pp. 935-939 1.5 p. 939 OECD OECD 2007 5 60
: p. 943 p. 943 EU 6 35% 75% p. 947 3 2003 p. 948 2010 10 p. 9492005 p. 950 p. 950 OECD pp. 954-955 p. 955p. 957Keen2001 12 p. 958EU 2005 15%20%35% Savings Tax Directive p. 958 2.7% p. 961 p. 969 61
82 1 p. 970 ACE1991 IFS p. 974ACE ACE pp. 975-976 ACE p. 976 p. 981 p. 983 ACE p. 987 2010 11 6 2010 11 12 13 p. 1029NICs p. 1030 RRA ACE 62
: p. 1031 2010 entrepreneurship NICsNICs NICs p. 1033 1 Posner1986 13 14 1855 Freedman1994 1 p. 1043 NICs NICs p. 1049 1 2008-9 2.5 16.1% 27.0%21.9% 11.C p. 1050 63
82 1 2002 2.2 2007 3.5 08 4.5 09 2.5 p. 1050 p. 1053 1 p. 1053 a holistic way p. 1054 2002 4 the starting rate 10% 0% 2002 4 5000 03 4 8000 2000 30 2006 45 50% p. 1056 p. 10562004 0% 2006 10% 2007 2006-07 19% 2009-10 22% 2008 1 pp. 1058-59 2008-09 5 p. 1059 64
: p. 1060 p. 1060 co - operation pp. 1060-61 p. 1061 p. 1063 NICs p. 1065 p. 1066 2004 a rate of return allowancerra p. 1067 RRA basis RRA 6% NICsp. 1067 NICs alignaeut p. 1067 p. 1068 65
82 1 p. 1069 RRA ACE ACE p. 1070ACE RRA p. 1070 p. 1070 2010 11 1 p. 1071 1 p. 1071 p. 1079 p. 1086 2010 12 13 7 2011 2010 1 2011 2 66
: 2010 2011 ISAs p. 410 p. 418 2011 30 R VAT R pp. 419-420 R+F VAT pp. 420-421 2010 ACE1991 IFS p. 421 ACE ACE p. 450 2010 p. 450 p. 453 pp. 454-455 2010 67
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