internalize comprehensible input Krashen 1981, 1982, 1985 intake Corder, 1967 (Sato & Jacobs, 1992) 1980 Danks Grabe

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Canale 1984 O'Malley 1990 & Chamot e.g. Randall, 1991; Carver, 1982;, Hausfeld, 1981; Stchit, et al, 1974 Chamot & O' Malley, 1996 Sato & Jaco (internalize) fmri PET 321

internalize comprehensible input Krashen 1981, 1982, 1985 intake Corder, 1967 (Sato & Jacobs, 1992) 1980 Danks Grabe 1991 322

1966 Goodman Wanat 1971 1972 Bormuth (1971) 323

1980 Danks 1909 1997 Frith and Frackowiak 1993 324

1970 phonological coding EMG Frackowiak, 1993; Howard et al, 1992 1992 Pri 325

1996 Howard,D. 1992 et.al, 1 PET, f MRI Hb-O2 Hb fmri PET PET fmri fmri 326

PET fmri, 2001;, 2000 Sato 1992 & Jacob tion NRT the necleus reticularis thalami sellective attention 327

328

2000 Sato & Jacobs 1992 Sellective attention 329

41.12 22 (39 40 Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading 330

331

Gale, 1990; Levelt, 1993 332

Brodmann, K., 1909. Vergleichende Lokaizationslehre der GroBhirnrinde, p13, Barth, Leipzig. Bormuth, J, R, 1972. Review of Durrell listening-reading series. In O. K. Buros Ed., The Seventh mental measurement yearbook. Highland Park, N. J.: Gryphon Press. 333

Canale, M. 1984. Considerataion in the testing of reading and listening proficiency. Foreign Language Annals 17: 349-357. Carver, R. P. 1982. Optimal rate of reading prose. Reading Research Quarterly, 18, 56-88. Corder, S. P. 1967. The significance of learners' errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, 161-170. Danks, J. H. 1980. Comprehension in listening and reading: Same or different? Reading and Understanding.Ed. Joseph. Danks & Kathy Pezdek, Newark, DE: International Reading Association.,1-39. Gale, M., S. 1990. Convergence4 of listening and reading processing. Reading Research Quarterly, Spring., 115-130. Grabe. W. 1991. Current developments in second language reading research. TESOL Quarterly 25: 375-406. Goodman, K. S. 1966. A pycholinguistic view of reading comprehension. In G. B. Schick and M. M. May Eds., The fifteenth yearbook of the National Reading Conference. Milwaukee: National Reading Conference. Hausfeld, S. 1981. Speeded reading and listening comprehension for easy and difficult materials. Journal or Educational Psychology, 73. 312-319. Howard,D. et. al. 1992.. The cortical localiation of the lexicons: Positoron emission tomography evidence. Brain, 115, 1769-1782. 1997 40. 287-299. 1996 2001. Computer Today 5, 103. Krashen, S. 1981. Second language acquisition and second language learning. Oxford: Pergarnon Press. Krashen, S. 1982. Principles and practice in second langauge acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Krashen, S. 1985. The input hypothesis: Issues and Implications. London: Longman. Levelt, W. J. M. 1993. The architecture of normal spoken language use. In G. Blanken, et. al. eds., Linguistic Disorders and Pathologies: An International Handbook. 1-15. Berlin: de Gruyter. McGuigan, F. J. 1970.Covert oral behavior during the silent perfomance of language tasks. Psychological Bulletin 74: 309-326. 334

O'Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. 1990. Learning strategies in second languageacquuisition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Paulesu, E.,Frith, C. D.,& Frackowiak, R.. S. J. 1993. The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Natures, 362, 342-345. Price, C., Wise,. R., Ramsay, S., Friston. K., Howard, D., Patterson, K., & Frackowiak., R. 1992. Regional response differences within the human auditory cortex when listening to word. Neurosciences Letters, 146, 179-182. Randall, L. 1991. A comparison of second language listening and reading comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 75, 198-203. Sato, E. Jacobs, B. 1992. From input to intake: Towards a brain-based perspective of selective attention. Issues in Applied Linguistics. Regents of the University of California. Stchit, T.G., Beck, L. J. Hauke, R. N., Kleiman, G. M., & James, J. H. 1974. Auding and reading: A developmental model. Alexandria, VA: Human Resources Research Organization. 2000 Radioisotope 67-68. Wanat, S. F. 1971. Linguistic structure in reading: Model from the research of Projcet Literacy. in F. B. Davix Ed., The literature of research in reading with emphasis on models. New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers- The State University. Weaver, W. W., & Kingston, A. J. 1971. Modeling the effects of oral language upon reading language. In F. B. Davis Ed., The literature of research in reading with emphasis on models. New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers. The State University. 335

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