OLI 2-1. 2-1-1. 10% 2-1-2. 20
Hymer 1960 1 2 2 1 Vernon 1966 Smith 1987 Jacquemin 1985 21
Buckley & Casson 1976 Teece 1977 arm s-length internalize 2-1-3. OLI 40 OLI Dunning 1979 2 OLI 3 O: Ownership specific advantages R&D L: Location specific advantages I: Internalization incentives O I L O L I 3 1 2-1 22
OLI O I L Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Dunning (1981) OLI 3 2-2. OLI 3 2-2-1. L 1920 IBM 2-2-2. 1950 23
L 2-2-3. 1960 3 P&G TI 1 1967 1 5 1973 5 17 1 I I 3 1 O patentable O O 2 24
Lawrence 1993 4 M&A 3 3 2-2-4. 1980 80 12 JETRO 3 1 L 2 M&A 3 O QC 25
O 85 1998 OLI 2-2 OLI O I L 1970 1980 1990 2-3. OLI 2-3-1. 1990 OLI 1 1990 26
OLI OLI 3 OLI 1990 OLI 2-3-2. O O 3 O 2-3-3. L 1 2 L 1,200 1997 L 1 1 27
2 90 96 98 97 98 5 98 2000 6 3 FDI 1980 90 1990 92 92 FAZ 92 FIND 93 94 2-3-4. I I M&A M&A 90 UNCTAD 2000 28
M&A M&A M&A 1980 M&A 90 M&A 97 M&A 7 M&A M&A M&A 99 2-4. 2-4-1. OLI O O L I O O M&A O O O O O O 29
OLI 3 2-4-2. O OLI Foreignness familiarity O OLI O one-way O O L O defensive 30
offensive L O O OLI M&A R&D M&A M&A O O 2-4-3. O L 31
O L 1 Bartlett & Ghoshal 1989 8 2-4-4. O L I 32
M&A O I M&A I M&A O O I I M&A 9 I 33
1 4 2 OLI 3 eclectic 3 1964 OECD 4 5 NTT KDD KDD 6 network externalities 7 3 8 Bartlett & Ghoshal 1989 1 1 UNCTAD (1999) deep integration 9 1998 M&A 34
Bartlett, C.A. and S. Ghoshal (1989), Managing Across Borders, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press. 1990. Buckley, P.J. and M. Casson (1976), The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan. 2 1993 Dunning, J.H. (1979), "Explaining Changing Patterns of International Production: in Defense of the Eclectic Theory", Oxford Bulletin of Econ. and Stat., Nov. Dunning, J.H. (1981), "Explaining the International Direct Investment Position of Countries: Towards a Dynamic or Developmental Approach", Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 117(1). (1998). Hymer, S. (1960), The International Operations of National Firms: a Study of Direct Foreign Investment, doctoral dissertation, MIT Press (pub. in 1976) ( 53 ) Jacquemin, A. (1985), The New Industrial Organization 1992. Lawrence, R.Z. (1993), "Japan's Low Levels of Inward Investment: The Role of Inhibitions on Acquisitions", in K.A. Froot (ed.), Foreign Direct Investment, National Bureau of Economic Research Project, University of Chicago Press. Smith, A. (1987), "Strategic Investment, Multinational Corporations and Trade Policy", European Economic Review, 31. Teece, D.J. (1977), "Technology Transfer by Multinational Firms: the Resource Cost of Transferring Know-How", Economic Journal, June. UNCTAD (1999), World Investment Report 1999. UNCTAD (2000), World Investment Report 2000. Vernon, R. (1966), "International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle", Quarterly Journal of Econ., may, pp.190-207. 35