128 ( ) ( put on) 1. wear, put on, take off, (1988: 214) rice 1 rice ( (1990) ) (1980) McCawley (1978) rice barley, wheat, oats, rye 2 SO
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1 13, * ** : 2 (1) (2) ( (particle) ) ( ) (A) (B) * TOHNO Takayuki: ** LU Renmei: [ 127 ]
2 128 ( ) ( put on) 1. wear, put on, take off, (1988: 214) rice 1 rice ( (1990) ) (1980) McCawley (1978) rice barley, wheat, oats, rye 2 SOV (split case marking)
3 129 1 ghaalne put.in ghaalne ghaalne ghaalne put on put on put on put on sätta på put on sätta på sätta på sätta på 2 kaadhne take.out kaadhne kaadhne kaadhne take off take off take off take off ta av take off ta av ta av ta av ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( (particle) ( / ) (on / off) (på/av) ) 2 3 (1), (2) 3 q b c Shibatani (1976), Shibatani & Pardeshi (2002) q a. [ ] b. c. w a. [ ] son put up PF shirt b. mother to son put up PF shirt
4 130 (1) (2) (1), (2) 3. (1) 3 1. ( 3 ) x causes y to move to z, where x = agent, y = clothes, z = body (part) (= x) (= y) ( ) (= z) ( ) x = z (3) (= z) ( 4 ) x causes y to move from z, where x = agent, y = clothes, z = body (part) ( c. mother made son put up PF shirt e a. mulaa-ne sharta ghaat-l-aa [] boy-erg shirt.m put-pf-m b. aai-ne mulaa-laa sharta ghaat-l-aa mother-erg boy-acc shirt.m put-pf-m c. aai-ne mulaa-laa sharta ghaal-aaylaa laaw-l-aa mother-erg boy-acc shirt-m put-ptcpl make-pf-m r a. The son put on his shirt. [ ] b.??mother put the shirt on her son. c. Mother made her son to put on his shirt. t a. Henes son satte på sig skjortan [] Her son put on REFL shirt.def b. Modern satte på sin son skjortan mother.def put on her son shirt.def c. Modern fick sin son att sätta på sig skjortan. mother.def made her son to put on REFL shirt.def
5 131 (1980) Jackendoff (1990) (2000) ) (3), (4) (x, y, z) x (= y) (= z) (= z) 3 2. (= z) q w ( 4 ) a.... ( ) ) b.... ) c.... ) ( 5 )... ) 4 (1980) * (1980) 5
6 (= y) 1 2 (1980) (6a) (6e) (6f) ( 6 ) a. / b. / c. / d. / e. / f.... ( (1980: 92)) ( ) 6 (1980)
7 133 ( ) ( 7 ) /... ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 8 ) /... ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 3 B) ( 3 C) 3 A
8 134 3 A (?) B ( ) C ( ) D ( ) 3 4. ( (9) (12) a b c ) ( 9 ) a. put on / take off a shirt / a dress / a coat / a sweater b. sätta på / ta av en skjorta / kläder / en rock / en tröja c. ghaal-ne / kaadh-ne sadraa / Dres / kot / swetar (10) a. put on / take off trousers / socks / a skirt / shoes b. sätta på / ta av byxor / strumpor / en kjol / skor c. ghaal-ne / kaadh-ne pænt / modze / skarta / but (11) a. put on / take off a hat / a helmet b. sätta på / ta av en hatt / en hjälm c. ghaal-ne / kaadh-ne Topi / helmet (12) a. put on / take off a wristwatch / glasses / a necklace b. sätta på / ta av en armbandsur / glasögon / en halsband c. ghaal-ne / kaadh-ne ghadyaal / cashmaa / nekles (13) (extension) (13a) (13b) (13c)
9 135 (13) a. put on a makeup / a lipstick / eyeliner b. put on a fake smile / a serious look c. put on fat / weight 3. (1) (= y) (= z) 4. (2) 4 1. Talmy (1985, 1991, 2000) (verb-framed language) (satellite-framed language) Talmy 2 1 ( ) (Talmy satellite ( ) ) 7 7 Talmy (Talmy 1991, 2000) event
10 136 (14) a. The boy ran into the room. [ ] 8 b. Pojken sprang in i rummet. [] boy.def ran in to rum.def c. $ [ ] boy run into PF room (15) a. [ ] b. to mulgaa kholit-t dhaaw-at ge-l-aa. [] that boy.m room.f-loc run-ptcpl go-pf-m into, in (in), (into) ge-ne (go) ( ) 4 1. Talmy (16) a. The boy put on his shirt. [ ] 10 8 enter, exit, ascend, descend, pass, cross ( ) 9 ( ) Talmy (1991, 2000) 10 dress ( dress ) wear have a. She was wearing a beautiful kimono. b. She had a beautiful kimono on. 6
11 137 b. The boy took off his shirt. (17) a. Pojken satte på sig skjortan. [] boy.def put on REFL shirt.def b. Pojken tog av sig skjortan. boy.def took off REFL shirt.def (18) a. [ ] 11 boy put up PF shirt b. boy take down PF shirt on / off, på / av, / 12 (19) a. [ ] b. (20) a. tyaa mulaa-ne sharta ghaat-l-aa [] that boy-erg shirt.m put-pf-m b. tyaa mulaa-ne sharta kaadh-l-aa that boy-erg shirt.m take-pf-m / ghaal-ne / kaadh-ne (21) a. Me pongo el abrigo. [ ] REFL.1.SG. put the overcoat 11 (a ) (b ) ( ) a. [ ] boy PROG put shirt b. [ ] boy put RES shirt 12 (in), / ( 1996: )
12 138 ( 1981: 162 ) b. Me quito los zapatos. REFL.1.SG. take the shoes ( 1981: 162 ) an / aus (22) a. Die Mutter zieht sich die Schuhe an. [ ] the mother draw REFL the shoes on (Engel & Schumacher 1978: 127 ) b. Die Mutter zieht demkind den Pullover aus. the mother draw the child the pullover out (Engel & Schumacher 1978: 135 ) (2) (23) (23) Han {snörde / sparkade / trampade} av sig skorna. he {laced / kicked / stepped} off REFL shoes.def (24) { / / }
13 139 (25) Han sprang av sig överflödiga kilon. he ran off REFL surplus kilos (25) springa (25) kasta (26) Han kastade {på / av} sig skjortan. he threw {on / off} REFL shirt.def / (27) Av med skorna! off with shoes.def (28) På med kläderna kvickt! on with clothes.def quickly (23), (25) (26) (27), (28) 5.
14 140 4 ( ) (29) (30) ( ) ( put on) DEF: DEFINITE, ERG: ERGATIVE CASE, F: FEMININ, M: MASCULIN, PF: PERFECT, PROG: PROGRESSIVE, REFL: REFLEXIVE PRONOUN, RES: RESULTATIVE, SG: SINGULAR Prashant Pardeshi Prashant Engel, Ulrich, and Helmut Schumacher Kleines Valenzlexikon deutscer Verben. Tübingen: TBL Verlag Gunter Narr. Jackendoff, Ray Semantic Structures. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. McCawley, James D Notes on Japanese clothing verbs. In Hinds, John, and Irwin Howard ed., Problems in Japanese Syntax and Semantics, Tokyo: Kaitakusha. Shibatani, Masayoshi The Grammar of Causative Construction: A conspectus. In Masayoshi
15 141 Shibatani, ed., Syntax and Semantics 6: The Grammar of Causative Constructions. New York: Academic Press. Shibatani, Masayoshi, and Prashant Pardeshi Causative continuum. In Shibatani ed., The Grammar of Causation and Interpersonal Manipulation, Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Talmy, Leonard Lexicalization Patterns: Semantic in Lexical Forms. In Tim Shopen, ed., Language Typology and Syntactic Description III: Grammatical Categories and the Lexicon, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Path to Realization: A Typology of Event Conflation, Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society, Berkeley: Linguistic Society, University of California, Berkeley Toward a Cognitive Semantics, Volume II: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. (1980) (1988) ( ) (2000) / ( ) (1996) (1981) (1990)
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