transition relevance place, TRP transitions gap overlap Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson For any turn, at the initial transition-relevance place o

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1 b Levinson 1983: 296turn-taking A B A-B-A-B-A-B Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson

2 transition relevance place, TRP transitions gap overlap Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson For any turn, at the initial transition-relevance place of an initial turn-constructional unit: (a) If the turn-so-far is so constructed as to involve the use of a current speaker selects next technique, then the party so selected has the right and is obliged to take next turn to speak; no others have such rights or obligations, and transfer occurs at that place. (b) If the turn-so-far is so constructed as not to involve the use of a current speaker selects next technique, then self-selection for next speakership may, but need not, be instituted; first starter acquires rights to a turn, and transfer occurs at that place. (c) If the turn-so-far is so constructed as not to involve the use of a current speaker selects next technique, then current speaker may, but need not continue, unless another self-selects. 2. If, at the initial transition-relevance place of an initial turn-constructional unit, neither 1a nor 1b has operated, and, following the provision of 1c, current speaker has continued, then the rule-set a-c re-applies at the next transition-relevance place, and recursively at each next transition-relevance place, until transfer is effected. (Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974: 704) TRP 1 1(a) TRP 1(b) TRP 1(c) 2 1(c) 1(a) (c) Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974 Levinson 1983 Edelsky 1981: 207 an on-record speaking encouragers) offrecord speaking) 24

3 1993 (speaker-) turn 1993: 56 Schegloff 1982 Uh huh continuers : : : turntaking 1999: 225 (1) (2) (3) : 11 Bergmann :

4 Turn Turn-taking utterance 1987: turn-taking 2.2 signal Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974: 719TRP signal turn-entry devicesprestarts turn-exit devices post-completers Schegloff 1996: project pre-beginning elements post-completion stance markers Schegloff 1996: 92 Duncan and Fiske 1985: 44 45, 54a complete turn signal1. intonation contours 2. you know or something stereotyped phrases paralinguistic drawl on certain syllables

5 1995: : : : : Goodwin 1980: 275, hearership engagement disengagementgoodwin : Maynard turn end marker preturn claimturn-transition period turn-transition period filler turn-transition period 1993:

6 turn-entry devices pre-starts well but and so Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson pre-beginning elements uh(m) Schegloff preturn claimmaynard Maynard pre-beginning elements gesture Schegloff turn-exit devices 1. a complete turn signal post-completers (Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974) 2. a complete turn signal you Duncan and Fiske1985 know or something 2. turn end marker Duncan and Fiske 1985 Maynard post-completion stance 4. markers post-completion stance markers Schegloff disclaimers I dunno 1996 Schegloff engagement displaygoodwin disengagement displaygoodwin turn-transition period fillermaynard

7 3 3.1 turn turn-taking Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson 1974 Levinson 1983 Edelsky 1981an on-record speaking

8 a. b. c d. e Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974 well but and sopre-startsmaynard preturn claim Schegloff 1996 pre-beginning elements

9 1995 Sacks, Schegloff and Jefferson 1974post-completers 1995 Goodwin engagement display Goodwin disengagement display Maynard turn-transition period filler (T) (Y) (N) T Y N 23T 23Y 23N cf Ehlich

10 23T 23Y 23N 3 Y 23Y T 23T N 23NY 23Y 24T 24Y 24N 2 1 (1) 1 23T: 23Y: 23N: 3 Head movement, H 3 H 1 HHH H H h [ ----] [ ] < > N N 32

11 [ ] < > N N 22Y Y 22N 2 22Y 23Y 23Ta 23Na 23Tb 23Nb 24T 33

12 24N 25Y 34

13 3 25N 25Y

14 a. (24N 25N 25Y 25N b. Nb 25Y c. 22Y 22Y 23Tb 22Y 23Tb 25Y 2. d. 24Tb) 25Y e. 21N 22N ( ) 23Y 21N 22N 23Y 24N) 24N N 23Ta 23Na 23Nb 25N 24N 25N ( ) (22Na 23Ta 23Na 23Nb 25Nb) 22Na 22T 22Nb 23Ta 23Na 23Y 23Nb 25Ta 25Na 25Nb 25Tb 24Na 25Na Goodwin : 88 36

15 1984: 88Sacks, Schegloff & Jefferson 1974: 727 recipient design overall organization 1991: a Szatrowski

16 1 Levinson 1983 local organization overall organization(turn) : : : : : 10 pp pp pp a 76 pp b pp pp

17 pp move 11 9 pp turn-taking pp pp pp pp pp Bergmann, J. R On the local sensitivity of conversation. The dynamics of dialogue, ed. by Ivana Markova and Klans Foppa, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Duncan, Starkey Jr. and Donald W. Fiske Interaction structure and strategy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edelsky, Carole Chapter 8: Who s got the floor? Gender and conversational interaction, ed. by Deborah Tannen, Oxford: Oxford Studies in Sociolinguistics. Ehlich, Konrad Chapter 5: HIAT: A transcription system for discourse data. Talking data: Transcription and coding in discourse research, ed. by Jane A. Edwards and Martin D. Lampert, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Goodwin, Charles Restarts, pauses, and the achievement of a state of mutual gaze at turnbeginning. Sociological Inquiry 50: Chapter 3: Notes on the organization of engagement. Conversation organization, New York: Academic Press Gesture as a resource for the organization mutual orientation. Semiotica 62.1/2: Levinson, Stephen Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Maynard, Senko Interactional functions of a nonverbal sign: Head movement in Japanese dyadic casual conversation. Journal of Pragmatics 11: Japanese conversation: Self-contextualization through structure and interactional management. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation. Sacks, Harvey, Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language 50. 4: Schegloff, Emanuel Discourse as an interactional achievement: Some uses of uh huh and other things that come between sentences. Georgetown University Roundtable on languages and linguistics, ed. by Deborah Tannen, Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press Turn organization: One intersection of grammar and interaction. Interaction and grammar, ed. by Elinor Ochs, Emanuel Schegloff and Sandra Thompson, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Szatrowski, Polly Relation between gaze, head nodding and aizuti bach channel at a Japanese company meeting. Berkeley Linguistics Society 26:

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ﾅ畜ﾅ・ｶ (窶凖・ 15, 2005 11 * : (IR ) 1. * IWATA Natsuho: [ 135 ] 136 (symmetry) (asymmetry) 1 (Sacks 1972a, b) ( 1995) 2. 2 1. NS-NNS (native speaker, NS) (non-native speaker, NNS) NS (Beebe & Giles 1984; Fan 1992; Gaies