DOE PEFC ANL 33 DOE Fuel Cell Tech Team - PEFC 80 kw 3M MEA NSTFC Nano Structure Thin Film Catalysts (i) (ii) (iii) TIAX PEF
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- かんじ さくもと
- 5 years ago
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1 5 TIAX TIAX 15 Acorn Park, Cambridge, MA, USA Kenan Sahin, Ph.D. CEO & Founder Brian M. Barnett, Ph.D. Vice President, Technology Tom O Donnell Director, Business Development Stephen Lasher Principal Clean Energy & Fuels Jayanti Sinha Intern TIAX Arthur D. Little TIAX - TIAX 6 - TIAX - DOE 8 ADL FC Arthur D. Little PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles Arthur D. Little 50 kw Cost Analysis of Fuel Cell System for Transportation, Report to Department of Energy, Ref. No , SFAA No. DESC02-98EE50526, (2001) 71
2 DOE PEFC ANL 33 DOE Fuel Cell Tech Team - PEFC 80 kw 3M MEA NSTFC Nano Structure Thin Film Catalysts (i) (ii) (iii) TIAX PEFC DOE 415, TIAX 50 (i) (ii) (iii) 33 ANL 8(2) PEFC P
3 BOP - DOE 2.5 CEM CEM BOP 1/3-50 1/4 60 3M NSTFC Nano Structure Thin Film Catalysts 3M 5-1 PEFC 5-2 PEFC 73
4 - DOE 3M DOE - Daimler Fuel Cell Seminar CEM PEFC M MEA /3550 /g DOE 34 Bottom-up BOP DFMA PEFC 80 kw TIAX DFMA Technology-Based Cost Model Design for Manufacturing Analysis Bottom-up PEFC MEA ,000 /6450 /g 2,273 /7330 /g / 3480 /g 1 31 g 74
5 80 kw PEFC BoP Balance of Plant BoP CEM kw PEFC /kw kw PEFC BoP 75
6 mg/cm mw/cm $/tr.oz. 5% 20% 15% 8% 20% 15% $/kw GDL $/kw () $/kg $/m CEM $/ $/ $/ $/ $/ $/
7 PEFC 45 /kw 97 /kw 5-5 PEFC BoP BoP /kw
8 EV - 3M MEA ANL ANL 0.15 mg/cm 2 3M NSTFC DFMA Design for Manufacturing Assembly TIAX - TIAX Arthur D. Little 14 PEFC - DOE 2008 DTI DTI PEFC TIAX 2.5 3M MEA - DOE Smart Grid Li-Ion - - TIAX TIAX CAM-7 100C consumer appliances 78
9 6 US. Department of Energy US. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Ave, SW, Washington DC 20585, USA JoAnn Milliken, Ph.D. Hydrogen Program Manager Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Dr. Sunita Satyapal Chief Engineer & Deputy Program Manager Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Carole J. Read, Ph.D. Technology Development Manager Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Patrick B. Davis Acting Program Manager, Vehicle Technologies Lee A. Slezak Manager-Advanced Vehicle Systems Simulation & Evaluation Office of Freedom CAR and Vehicle Technologies Michael A. Mills Team Lead International and Policy Richard W. Farmer Hydrogen Production & Delivery Team Leader Nancy L. Garland, Ph.D. Technology Development Manager Hydrogern, Fuel Cells, & Infrastructure Technologies Jerry L. Gibbs Materials Engineer Vehicle Technologies Program C. Thomas Avedisian, Ph.D. AAAS Science Fellow DOE Office of Energy - Office of Science 36 - Nuclear Security / Administrator for National Nuclear Security Administration Energy, Environment, ScienceOffice of Science 3 Energy, Environment Energy 79
10 7 - Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy EERE - EERE Office of Fossil Energy Office of Nuclear Energy Office of the Secretary Secretary Dr. Samuel Bodman Deputy Secretary Jeffrey F. Kupfer (Acting) Office of the Under Secretary For Nuclear Security / Administrator for National Nuclear Security Administration Thomas P. D Agostino Office of the Under Secretary for Energy Dennis R. Spurgeon Office of the Under Secretary for Science Dr. Raymond L. Orbach Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Assistant Secretary For Environmental Management Assistantt Secretary for Fossil Energy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy Assistant Secretary for Electric Delivery & Energy Reliability Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Legacy Management 6-1 DOE DOE EERE Office of Vehicle Technologies Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies 6-2 EERE EERE DAS Deputy Assistant Secretary 80
11 CO CO CO R&D FCV FC CO2 81
12 $300M $268M $281M $268M $222M $232M $200M $157M $100M $96M R&D R&D R&D FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY , ,000 R&D 43,501 59,200 59,200 59,200 43,600 62,700 62,700 62,700 29,727 15,000* 30,000* 15,000* FC 7,927 6,600 6,600 6,600 FC 7,630 10,000 10,000 10,000 R&D 2, , ,854 12,500* 15,000* 18,871* 3,865 4,000* 4,135* 4,000* 11,395 7,713 7,713 11,500 R&D 4, ,000 3, , , , , ,871 *
13 FCV DOE FCV 6-5 FC FC 2~3 /gge) & (300 ) Fuel Cell Cost & Durability (Targets: $30 per kw, 5000-hour durability) FCV 6-5 FCV DOE 2 3 /gge DOE
14 Electrolyzer Cost* (in $/kw) $700/kW $665/kW $400/kW $125/kW Status Target Target Biological Production: Light Utilization Efficiency 20% 15% 15% 10% Status 2012 Target 2017 Target Electrolyzer Efficiency 69% 67% 62% 74% Status Target 2017 Target /gge (projected cost of delivery, using state-of-the-art technology) Cost: $/gge $6 $5 $4 $3 $2 $1 $0 PIPELINES TUBE-TRAILERS 2012 milestone COST TARGET: < $1/gge milestone 84
15 DOE DOE CoE - Savannah River National Laboratory SRNL CoE Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of. Excellence Centers of Excellence CoE
16 DOE R&D LDV FC /kw /kw R&D LDV 45 /kw /kw , /kw 40, APU W/kg 100W/L ,000 Wh/L Cost of Automotive Fuel Cell System - Projected to high-volume manufacturing of 500,000 units/year - $300 $275/kW > FUTURE MILESTONES Cost ($/kw) $200 $100 $0 $110/kW $94/kW $73/kW $45/kW TARGET $30/kW Automotive Fuel Cell System Durability (projected, under real-world conditions) 5000* Hours Status * 5000 hours corresponds to roughly 150,000 miles of driving 2015 Target 6-11 FCV 86
17 DOE FreedomCAR & Fuel Partnership / 1.3 / 1.4 & 2.5 & PHEV 3 4 & 6-12 & R&D R&D PHEV HEV PHEV R&D FCV The national Academies Press 2008 < > 2005 < > 87
18 Small Business Innovation Research SBIR Small Business Technology Transfer SBTT DOE PHEV ,780 92, ,361 R&D 48,346 43,443 33,600 29,044 38,616 36,903 18,413 17,376 16,122 7,997 16,845 31, , , , DOE HEV PHEV HEV PHEV HEV PHEV HEV PHEV R&D LDV EERE Office of Science Office of Electricity PHEV
19 DOE Controlled Hydrogen Fleet and Infrastructure Demonstration and Validation ProjectLearning Demonstration FCV Learning Demonstration LHV ICE , , DTE Energy Xcel/NREL PV Hawaii Daimler BP Ford BP GM Shell KIA Chevron UTC Power 6-14 Learning Demonstration 89
20 DOE FCV 6-15 Air Products Linde BMW Hydrogen Series 7 Daimler Mercedes-Benz F-Cell GM Chevy Equinox FCV Honda FCX Clarity Hyundai Tucson FCV Kia Sportage FCV Nissan X-Trail FCV Toyota Highlander FCHV Volkswagen Touran / Tiguan HyMotion 6,589 1,654 VIP TV 8,617,677 5,331, FCV 90
21 DOE/EERE PHEV 6-16 R&D 2007 / USABC 50 Li-ion DOE DOE 6-16 R&D DOE HEV USABC HEV NiMH - USABC USABC HEV 40 kw 2008 Li / 91
22 DOE PHEV USABC 6-10 USABC PHEV USABC PHEV M1HD / / 6-11 USABC PHEV PHEV PHEV /kwh $500/kWh $300/kWh 80 Wh/L 100 Wh/L 150 Wh/L 40 Wh/kg Wh/kg 100 Wh/kg PHEV-10 EV 10 PHEV-40 EV 40 - HEV PHEV kw 35 HEV kwh 1000 PHEV - PHEV kwh HEV kw 20-92
23 - TIAX DTI TIAX DTI FCV - DOE FCV DOE R&D FCV DOE FCV FCV 93
24 7 Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company 2101 Village Road, MD 3137, Dearborn, USA Shinichi Hirano Manager, Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Storage Research Research and Advanced Engineering Donald J. Siegel, Ph.D. Technical Expert,-Hydrogen Storage & Nanoscale Modeling Physical & Environmental Sciences Department Research and Advanced Engineering Greg Frenette ZEV Vehicle Programs, Chief Engineer Research and Advanced Engineering 5 Ford Ford 7-1 advanced technology known technology HEV FCV HEV 7-1 Ford 40 OICA GM Volkswagen 627 < > 94
25 Ford FCV Ford FCV 7-1 Ford FCV Ford P2000 FCEV Ballard Mk7 PEM Dynetek 24.8MPa Ford Focus FCEV 2000 Ballard Mk901 PEM Dynetek 24.8MPa Mazda Premacy FC-EV 2001 Ballard Mk901 PEM Ford Focus Hybrid FCEV 2005 Ballard Mk902 PEM Dynetek 35MPa 95
26 Focus Hydrogen FCEV Ford Focus 4 35MPa 84 mph 134 km/h km kg Ballard Mk902 PEM 75 kw NiMH 35kW Continental Teves EHB 5kW Siemens 65 kw 35MPa 300V Ballard Mk Focus Hydrogen FCEV 7-2 Focus Hydrogen FCEV 3 2 SE ( ) Focus Hybrid FCEV ,458 27, ,159 29,458 96
27 Ford Escape HEV / 1) Li 10.1 kwh 2) 1.4 kw 120 V 15A 3) 1) 2) 3) 7-4 Escape HEV 7-4 Escape 2.5L 4 Li 10 Wh 15 57L /51 km/l 3900 lbs 1769 kg 102 /h 163km/h 0-60 /h 0-96km/h
28 Ford EV 7-5 ECOSTAR Ranger EV ( Th!nk City 2001 Th!nk Neighbor Ford EV ECOSTAR kwh 3200 lbs 1451 kg km /h 11 km/h 0-50 /h 0-80km/h 12 Ranger kwh NiMH 29 kwh 4196 / 4700 lbs 1903 / 2132 kg km 8 75 /h 120 km/h 0-50 /h 0-80km/h NiCd 11 kwh 2075 lbs 941 kg km /h 88 km/h 0-30 /h 0-48km/h kwh lbs 611kg lbs 631kg km /h 40 km/h 0-20 /h 0-32km/h 98
29 - - BOP - MEA - CFD FEM Ford Commercialization Enabling Technology CET - DOE H kj/mol 7-5 DOE DOE 99
30 7-6 DOE Ford CET - Ford LiNH 3 LiBH 4 MgH 2 GM Sandia National Lab Ford 2 LiNH 3 1 LiBH 4 1 MgH
31 - ORR 4 Pt Pt 3 NiOH - 41 DOE 2008 DOE MIT Ford AFCC Ballard FC Focus Fuel Cell Escape Plug-in Fuel Cell Explorer 7-6 E85 Johnson Controls 30 / EV Ford FC 85 kw 50 kw ECS Meeting, PRiME 2008, Theoretical Study of the Adsorption and Dissociation of Oxygen on Pt3Ni Alloy Nano-particles for Fuel Cell Applications P. Shirvanian (Ford Motor Company) < > 42 P
32 8 Argonne National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, USA Amgad Elgowainy, Ph.D., P.E. Energy Systems Analyst, Center for Transportation Research Dr. Romesh Kumar Head, Fuel Cell Technology Department ANL FC FC FC DOE FC - DOE Fuel Cells for Transportation Program - SOFC MCFC SOFC SOFC SOFC FCV - SOFC
33 PEFC 8-1 ANL - DOE HT Coolant HT/LT Radiators HT Coolant Pump LT Coolant Pump Electric Motor Fan LT Coolant Humidified Air Purge Valve Enthalpy Wheel PEFC Stack Recirculation Pump Membrane Humidifier Pressure Regulator Air Bypass Air Filtration Air Dilution Mixer Demister Exhaust Ejector Hydrogen Tank 8-1 PEFC 8-1 DOE Units 2005 Status 2007 Status 2010 Target System Cost $/kw e System 25% Rated Power % System Rated Power % System Specific Power W/kg System Power Density W/L Stack Cost $/kw e Stack 25% Rated Power % Stack Rated Power % Stack Specific Power W/kg Stack Power Density W/L MEA Cost $/kw e MEA Rated Power mw/cm MEA Degradation Over Lifetime % >90% TBD 10 PGM Cost $/kw e PGM Content (peak) g/kw e PGM Loading (both electrodes) mg/cm Membrane Cost $/m Bipolar Plate Cost $/kw e CEM System Cost $
34 ANL DOE R&D ANL - PEFC - - LANL - MEA 3M 90 g/ CEM FC CEM DOE - Honeywell DOE CEM 130,000 rpm W.L.Gore MEA 10 DOE BOP CEM 104
35 8-2 Well-to-Tank DOE - DOE - LANL AB 8-2 Well-to-Tank DOE 8-3 DOE 105
36 FC ATR SOFC ANL ppm - CO 1 ppm 0.1 ppm 3 FC - CO 0.2 ppm 2ppm - ANL Idaho National Laboratry ANL Cu + 2 HCl(g) 2 CuCl(l) + H2(g) [430~475 ] 2 Cu2OCl2 4 CuCl + O2(g) [500 ] 2 CuCl2 + H2O(g) Cu2OCl2 + 2HCl(g) [400 ] 2 CuCl CuCl2(aq) + Cu [ ] 106
37 GREET GREET Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation ANL 8-4 GREET1.8b FT FC FC 8-4 GREET1.8b 8-5 GREET1.8b 44 < > 107
![8-3 [Btu/ ] AER](/docs-images/93/113916830/images/38-2.jpg "All Electric Range")
38 ICEV E85 HEV E85 FC PHEV E85 FC [Btu/ ] AER All Electric Range CD CS 108
![Pump[]-to-Wheel PHEV EV 20 PHEV-20 SI CI RFG Reformulated](/docs-images/93/113916830/images/39-1.jpg "Gasoline LSD Low Sulfur Diesel E85-Corn E85 E85-H.")
39 PHEV EV EV Vehicle Miles Traveled 8-7 PHEV-20 EV PHEV-40 EV PHEV BEV EV WTW - WTW WTP Well-to-Pump[] PTW Pump[]-to-Wheel PHEV EV 20 PHEV-20 SI CI RFG Reformulated Gasoline LSD Low Sulfur Diesel E85-Corn E85 E85-H.Biomass E85 SMR CD CS 109
40
41 EV - EV EV 111
42 PHEV-20 PHEV-40 - PHEV-20 PHEV PHEV FC 8-11 PHEV 112
43 kw 2 10 kw 10 kw / / - ASME - GREET
44 10 kw 10 kw 10 kw 10 kw
45 GREET DOE Linde Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LLNL 115
46 9 Shell Hydrogen Shell Hydrogen 910 Louisiana St. One Shell Plaza, Houston, TX 77002, USA Phillip Baxley President Jim Volk Business Development Manager Bradley J. Smith Asset Development and Operation Manager 1 Shell Royal Dutch Shell Shell Hydrogen Shell 45 3 (i) CO 2 50 (ii) (iii) CO 2 45 Shell
47 Shell Shell energy scenarios to Scramble Blueprint Scramble EJ per year Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Biomass Solar Wind Other Renewables Blueprint EJ per year Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Biomass Solar Wind Other Renewables CO2 CCS CO2 CO2 CO Shell < shell_energy_scenarios_2050/shell_energy_scenarios_ html > 117
48 Blueprint Blueprint km km Blueprint Shell - - CCS - CO 2 R&D - - CO 2 - CO 2 Shell Blueprint GTL 9-2 Blueprint km 118
49
50 km 9-5 EV % of shorter trips BTS commute statistics (1-way) BTS commute statistics (2-way) NBTS trip statistics (trip km) NBTS trip statistics (daily km ) Trip distance (km) Li 0.5 kwh/l 0.2 kwh/kg 600 /kwh * * 50%SOC Swing 30km 8 kwh 15 4 kwh kg Li kwh/l 0.5 kwh/kg 300 /kwh * * 50%SOC Swing km EV HEVs, PHEVs and EVs (E-range in miles) Battery pack costs ($) HEV HEV PHEV20 PHEV40 EV60 EV100 EV
51 9-8 Shell Learning by doing Shell Shell kg/
52 - FCV Shell - 2 FCV CCS NHA Hydrogen from Nuclear Working Group < > 122
53 GM Technology Development Pilot Commercialization Early Commercialization Technology development and validation under real world conditions OEM/Vehicles Technology refinement and early market preparation Commercial deployment into mass market Region 1 Region vehicles / OEM 1000 vehicles / OEM 10,000 vehicles / OEM $1mil / vehicle (early incremental cost) $250k / vehicle $50k / vehicle Energy/Infrastructure Leadtime Region 1 Region 2 10 Stations Leadtime 100 Stations Leadtime 250 Stations 9-12 GM Shell R&D Shell R&D - LPG CO CCS Shell DOE FCV Learning Demonstration GM P
54 Shell DC 9-13 Shell DC Blueprint 70MPa - GM 70MPa 70MPa 35 MPa - 124
55 CCS NIMBY Not In My Backyard FCV FCV 1000 FCV 10 FCV
56 10 AFCC AFCC Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation Corp 9000 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, BC, Canada Dr.Andreas Truckenbrodt Chief Executive Officer Georg Frank Director, Product Development Craig Louie, P.Eng. Manager, Strategy and Alliance/External Liaison Rajeev Vohra, P.Eng. Manager, MEA Research AFCC Ballard Power Systems Daimler Ford Ballard Power Systems - AFCC 50.1% Daimler 30.0% Ford 19.9 Ballard Power Systems Ballard 2013 Ford - BOP NuCellSys NCS Daimler Ford AFCC Daimler 50.1 Ford 30.0 Ballard 19.9 Ford 2013 Ballard Board of Directors Daimler: Herbert Kohler (VP Research) Frank Deiss (VP Purchasing) Stephan Geier (R&D Controller) Ford: Gerhard Schmidt (CTO) Bradley Hughes (R&D Controller) Ballard: John Sheridan (CEO) Ballard Daimler Ford 126
57 AFCC NuCellSys NSC 10-1 AFCC NSC BoP Balance of Plant 10-1 AFCC NuCellSys AFCC BEV CO CO
58 Daimler Daimler EV 1 3 km km - EV FCV EV FCV 2020 EV 300 km FCV 600 km
59 Daimler HV Daimler Ford Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 1 F-Cell Generation 2 B-Class F-Cell Generation 3 I Sprinter Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 4 II Generation Daimler 2010 B-Class F-Cell A-Class F-Cell A-Class F-Cell - 4kg 70 MPa > kw 100 kw 160 km 400 km B-Class F-Cell 129
60 Daimler FCV FC 400 km 10-7 Daimler FCV FC - 1/4 1/5 1/4 1/5 1/ FCV FCV 100 B-Class km DOE 3 /kg 8 /kg 8 /100km ICE EV 130
61 12, Shell FCV FC FCV FCV 10-8 FC 131
62 - EV FCV Ballard - AFCC FC Ballard FC FC Ballard - Ballard AFCC AFCC MEA Ballard MEA AFCC - 2 SOC TIAX - TIAX TIAX TIAX 132
63 AFCC DOE - AFCC - Daimler Ford DOE EC BOP BOP - - Gen FCV 133
64 DOE EC DOE TIAX ANL BASF Ford Shell AFCC Total DOE DOE DC DOE EERE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy DOE 10 3 DOE DOE Hydrogen Fuel Initiative Technology Validation R&D R&D R&D 11-1 $300M $268M $281M $268M $222M $232M $200M $157M $100M $96M R&D R&D R&D FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY FC DOE+DOT 134
65 DOE EERE 11-2 DOE HEV PHEV PHEV 11-2) R&D R&D PHEV HEV R&D PHEV FCV HEV PHEV HEV PHEV HEV PHEV HEV PHEV R&D LDV EERE Office of Science Office of Electricity PHEV EERE DOE FCV Learning Demonstration FC
66 DOE FCV DOE HEV PHEV HEV PHEV 4 5 M DOE FCV 2015 PHEV 2015 FCV DOE R&D FCV R&D DOE R&D 136
67 EC EC 2006 EC R&D EC - CIVITAS CIty-VITAlity-Sustainability 15 (1995 ) CO EURO 1/ JTI JTI FCH 5 JTI JTI FCH-JTI 4 FP FP6 DG-Research FP7 JTI FP (M ) FP2 ( ) FP3 ( ) 58 FP4 ( ) 145 FP5 ( ) 314 FP6 ( ) 470 FP7 ( ) JTI
68 FP JTI 1/6 (k ) 120, ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, ,800 90,100 70,300 73,800 80,900 28, FP7 JTI JTI LDV /kg 0.15 /kwh - 9 wt - FC HyCHAIN Zero-Regio HyFLEET:CUTE HyLights HyCHAIN /3 Zero-Regio 70MPa Daimler FCV 5 FIAT FCV 3 35MPa 20MPa HyFLEET:CUTE FC JTI JTI JTI 1 138
69 BMVBW NOW EC EC CO 2 EV FCV ICV BTL CO NIP National Innovation Programme NIP R&D
70 EV NIP EV FCV FCV EV R&D NOW National Organization Hydrogen and Fuel Cell TechnologyNOW 100% =50:50 NOW 50% 2% 48% NOW EV FCV GermanHy GermanHy FCCJ COCN() CEP Clean Energy Partnership CEP 2 EC HyFLEET:CUTE CEP EC EC 27 FC EC FCV EC RD D 140
71 EC FCV FC IPHE FCV EV PHEV FCV BEV e-mobility BEV BEV CEP Total NOW Total 35MPa 70MPa 70MPa GM HydroGen4 =Equinox Fuel Cell 20 8 /kg 70MPa JHFC Total Total 40 HydroGen4 3 FC ICE ICE 141
72 TIAX TIAX Arthur D. Little DOE FC FCV TIAX DOE FC ANL 3M MEA NSTFC / $1= /g DOE mg/cm 2 DOE TIAX DTI TIAX DTI DTI PEFC TIAX 2.5 3M MEA FC TIAX TIAX ANL DOE ANL Argonne National Laboratory ANL DOE FCV WtW Well to Wheel DOE WtW ANL TIAX ANL CEM Compressor Expander Module: 2.5 DOE Honeywell DOE CEM WtW GREET ver. 1.8 JHFC WtW 142
73 CO 2 ANL PHEV WtW FC WtW CO 2 PHEV WtW CO 2 BASF BASF Fuel Cell BASF FC Engelhard FC PEMEAS Fuel Cells E-TEK BASF Fuel Cell MEA BASF Fuel Cell GDL GDE Gas Diffusion Electrode MEA MEA MEA FC 2 BASF PEMEAS 1 Engelhard E-TEK PEMEAS BASF / Ford Ford FCV Focus FCV Explorer FCV Escape PHEV Focus FCV Explorer FCV FC Explorer FCV Escape PHEV E85 35mph EV 143
74 2020 Mid term 2030 Long term FCV Ford Ford FCV US FC Ford 30% AFCC Ballard FC Ford Daimler 50% NCS NuCellSys Ford AFCC NCS Ford Ford ICV FCV Ford FCV HEV PHEV Ford FC HEV Ford 3 Ford GM GM Shell Hydrogen Shell Hydrogen Shell CCS BEV HEV FC JHFC Shell
75 Shell GM 100 FCV Shell 2006 DC Shell Hydrogen LA 70MPa 70MPa GM FCV 145
76 FCV FCV 70MPa DOE FCCJ 2015 AFCC Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation AFCC Ballard Power Systems Daimler Ford FC BOP FC NCS NuCellSys 11-8 AFCC Daimler Ford Ballard=50.1% % NCS Daimler Ford=50 50 AFCC Ballard 19.9% 2013 Ford AFCC Ballard Daimler Ford AFCC NuCellSys 146
77 AFCC FCV Daimler ICV EV FCV FCV 1/4 1/5 1/4 1/5 Shell Hydrogen AFCC FC Daimler Ballard FCV Ballard FCV Ballard Daimler Daimler FCV Truckenbrodt AFCC CEO Daimler FC Daimler Daimler Ballard FCV FCV Daimler FCV FC 147
78 FCV 2015 PHEV EV PHEV EV R&D 2015 FCV WtW ICV FCV R&D FCV FCV DOE 148
79 149
PEFC 1 6 PEFC % CO FC FC 36 LHV 10 FC 1 DSS 8 8.5kW FC 342
19 9 11 13 30 15 30 PEFC 10kW PEFC 2005 6 6 3 10 10kW PEFC 1kW PEFC NEF 1kW FS NEDO FC PEFC 2005 317km LPG NEDO PEFC 341 PEFC 1 6 PEFC 1 1 24 90% CO2 30 3 2 FC FC 36 LHV 10 FC 1 DSS 8 8.5kW FC 342 2 PEFC
2
1 2 Well to Tank 1-1 1-8 3 - 1 4 J-001 J-002 J-003 J-004 J-005 J-006 12 WE-NET 1 14 WE-NET 1 10 WE-NET 7 Shell UTC-FC FCV NEDO () NEDO () NEDO () () () VOL24 NO.2 2003.3 13 14 NEDO 2001/3 NEDO 2003/3 NEDO
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1 14 17 1 (JHFC ) 9 9 9 9 10 11 11 12 12 13 15 15 17 18 19 FCV( 19 19 1015 25 FC 28 28 30 33 33 33 34 37 42 44 49 i 49 70 95 95 95 95 96 97 97 97 FCV 103 103 103 104 105 105 106 107 107 108 110 111 113
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FCV FC EV 1. FC CUTE (Clean Urban Transport for Europe) ECTOS (Ecological City Transport System) CITY CELL, BVG, München) 2. FCV CEP (Clean Energy Partnership) 1. FCV CaFCP (California Fuel Cell Partnership)
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2010426 1 1 Email: daisho@waseda.jp 2015 < ITS > 2 3 SPM 050 g/m 3 51100 101200 201400 401600 601 2006125 19 2010 NO2SPM NOxPM 20099 PM10 PM2.5 NOxPM PM g/kwh 0.20 0.15 0.04 0.02 WHDC 03 EU 2015 2016 WHDC
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4 4-1 4-1-1 PEFC 2001 8 13 PEFC 4-1-1 4-1-3 189 4-1-1 2001 8 8 190 4-1-2 2001 8 8 191 3) 2010 4-1-3 FC 20032004 2010 65LHV55HHV 25 1) 1.3kWL 5,000 12 36 10 4,000 kw 30L 83LHV92HHV 25 2) 1,000 kw 5,000
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