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1 Rikkyo Psychological Research 2014 Vol. 56, 原著 志向性とべきの専制の形成因の検討 幼少期の家庭の雰囲気と自我発達の様相 1 立教大学茂垣まどか Effects of Childhood Family Atmosphere and Ego Development on the Formation of Intentionality and the Tyranny of the Should Madoka Mogaki Rikkyo University This study examined the relations among three concepts: 1) the senses of intentionality and the Tyranny of the Should (TS) as an indicator of a healthy ego and ego ideal development, 2) recognition of the childhood family atmosphere, and 3) the level of personality development as defined in Erikson s Epigenetic Theory. Two hundred university students completed self-report questionnaires. Results showed that intentionality was weakly correlated with childhood family atmosphere (warmth) and moderately correlated with outcomes related to the first three stages of personality development on Erikson s scale (namely, basic trust versus basic mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, and initiative versus guilt). Similarly, TS was weakly correlated with childhood family atmosphere (obedience) and moderately correlated with outcomes related to the first three stages of personality development. Structural equation modeling revealed that while childhood family atmosphere did not directly affect formation of intentionality and TS, it did so indirectly through early personality development. Key words: ego development, ego ideal, epigenetic theory, childhood family atmosphere, parenting style 志向性とべきの専制 , 1990, Blos, 1962; Erikson, 1968; Freud, 1940 Horney, Blos, 1962 Eriskon, 1968 Freud, a 2 EI-SES 2 志向性およびべきの専制の形成に影響する要因 11
2 1987; Schenenga, 1983 ; Van den Daele, 1968 暖かく愛情を感じられる養育環境と, しつけの過度な厳しさ J. -P p p a p Erikson, a p a b 1996 自我理想型人格を構成する要素である志向性 べきの専制と漸成発達理論の関連 Erikson
3 p.50 3 Freud, S. Erikson 1959 Erikson, 1959 Freud 1940 Erikson 2008 Erikson 目的 Erikson a b c Time 1 Time
4 Erikson, 1959 方法対象者と手続き N= / N= / 質問紙 2003 PBI Parental Bonding Instrument Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979 PBI 1991 Erikson 1959 Freud Ego Ideal-Superego Scale(EI-SES) Ego Ideal-Superego Scale 2005 EI-SES Ochse & PlugのErikson and Social-Desirability Scale の日本語短縮版 (S-ESDS) Erikson 7 Ochse & Plug Erikson and Social-Desirability Scale 2003 S-ESDS Erikson 1959 S-ESDS 14
5 Table1 家庭の雰囲気尺度の因子分析の結果およびα 係数 F1 F2 F3 a) 共通性 F1: 暖かさ (α=.89) 家は, 温かい雰囲気だった 私の家は, 雰囲気が悪かった 私は家で, 比較的安心していられた 私は家で, 肩がこる感じがしていた 私は, 家でリラックスできていた 私の家は, のびのびできる雰囲気だった F2: 否定的雰囲気 (α=.73) ~しなきゃだめよ ~してはだめ! などの言葉が印象に 残っている 親からの言葉で, バカね, ダメでしょ などの言葉が印象に残っている 家では, 私が何か新しいことをすると否定されがちだった 家では, 自己主張すると叱られた 家では, 自分のしたいことをのびのびやれた雰囲気だった F3: 追従的雰囲気 (α=.71) 家では, 親や他の家族の言うことは何でも聞くほうだった 私は, 自分の意志を通すよりも, 家族や家全体の期待に答える必要があると感じていた 私は, 親や家族に イヤ と言ったことがなかった わがままが言えない雰囲気だった 因子抽出後の分散説明率 (%): 注 ) 反復的主因子法, プロマックス回転を用いた a) 因子抽出後の共通性 因子間相関は以下の通り F1 F2: r=.-.55,f1 F3: r=-.18,f2 F3: r=.28 家庭の雰囲気尺度 結果 家庭の雰囲気尺度の検討 Table 1 6 SPSS for windows ver.11.0 Amos ver b p.28 3 r =.55, r =.18 r =.28 15
6 Table 2 EI-SES, 家庭の雰囲気尺度,S-ESDS の平均値,SD,α 係数 EI-SES 家庭の雰囲気 S-ESDS 志向性 べきの専制 全体 暖かさ 否定的雰囲気 追従的雰囲気 信頼 自律性主導性 平均値 SD α 注 )N=200 すべて 5 件法 各下位尺度は, 合計値を下位尺度項目数で除してある Table 3 EI-SES と, 家庭の雰囲気尺度およびS-ESDS との下位尺度得点間相関 a b c d e f g h EI-SES a. 志向性 b. べきの専制.02 S-ESDS c. 信頼感.43*** -.29*** d. 自律性.47*** -.36***.56*** e. 主導性.42*** -.14*.48***.48*** 家庭の雰囲気 f. 家庭全体.18** -.16*.43***.47***.42*** g. 暖かさ.21** ***.31***.19**.87*** h. 否定的雰囲気 *** -.24*** *** -.84*** i. 追従的雰囲気 ** -.23*** -.26*** -.28*** -.37***.35*** -.68*** 注 )N=200, ピアソンの相関係数 ***p<.001,**p<.01,*p<.05, 無印 not significant SD Table 2 15 = 自我理想型人格と, 家庭の雰囲気尺度および S-ESDS との関連 EI-SES と, 家庭の雰囲気尺度および S-ESDS との相関分析 EI-SES S-ESDS Table 3 1 r =.18 p<.01 r =.21 p<.01 r =.16 p<.05 r =.19 p<.01 2 S-ESDS r =.43 r =.47 r =.42 p<.001 r =.29 r =.36 p<.001 r =.14 p<.05 S-ESDS 家庭の雰囲気尺度とS-ESDSがEI-SESに影響を 16
7 .54/.53.57/.60.40/.39 信頼 自律性 主導性.74 a) /.73 a).76 *** /.77 ***.64 *** /.62 *** 初期の自我発達.21 *** /.12 ***.63 *** /-.38 ***.38 *** /.16 ***.40 *** /-.34 *** 暖かさ / 追従 -.04ns./.06ns. χ 2 =3.00(p>.05),df=4 GFI=.99, AGFI=.98, CFI=1.00,RMSEA=.00, 志向性 / べき χ 2 =9.27 (p>.05),df=4 GFI=.98, AGFI=.93, CFI=.97,RMSEA=.08, 注 ) 標準化係数を示した *** p<.001, ns.: not. significant. 紙面の都合により誤差は省略してある 観測変数 潜在変数の右肩の数字は決定係数 ( 重相関係数の平方 ) / の左が志向性, 右がべきを説明変数とした分析 a) : モデルを識別させるために値 1 の固定母数に指定しているため検定統計量及び有意確率が算出されない Figure 1. 志向性およびべきの専制に影響をおよぼすモデルの検討 およぼすモデルの検討 EI-SES EI- SES S-ESDS EI-SES EI-SES Figure 1 EI-SES RMSEA.08 GFI =.99, AGFI =.93, RMSEA =.00 GFI =.98, AGFI =.93, RMSEA =.08 =.04, ns. =.63, p<.001 =.40, p< =.06, ns. =.38, p<.001 =.34, p< 家庭の雰囲気尺度と S-ESDS が EI-SES に影響をおよぼすモデルの検討 S-ESDS 3 Figure 2 EI-SES 17
8 .51 *** /.53 *** 自律性.30 *** /.27 ***.15 * /-.14 * 主導性.31 *** /.30 ***.27 *** /-.32 ***.20 *** /08ns. 志向性 / べき 信頼.32 *** /-.22 *** 暖かさ / 追従 -.01ns./ -.14 *.18 * /-.15 ns. χ 2 =.26 (p>.05), df=1 GFI=1.00, AGFI=.99, CFI=1.00, RMSEA=.00, AIC=28.41 χ 2 =2.38(p>.05), df=1 GFI=1.00, AGFI=.93, CFI=.99 RMSEA=.08, AIC=30.38 注 ) パスおよび標準化係数を示した 紙面の都合により誤差は省略してある / の左が志向性, 右がべきを説明変数とした分析 決定係数は以下の通り 信頼.10 *** /.05 **, 自律性.33 *** /.33 ***, 主導性.29 *** /.31 ***, 志向性 / べき.29 *** /.15 *** * : p<.05, ** : p<.01, *** :p<.001,ns.: not significant. Figure 2. 志向性およびべきの専制に影響をおよぼすモデルの検討 2 RMSEA.08 GFI =1.00, AGFI =.99, RMSEA =.00 GFI =1.00, AGFI =.93, RMSEA =.08, AIC =30.38 =.32, p<.001 =.15, p<.05 =.01, ns. =.18, p<.05 =.51, p<.001 =.30, p<.001 =.27, p<.001 =.30, p<.001 =.20, p<.001 =.22, p<.001 =.15, p<.05 =.14, p<.05 =.18, ns. =.53, p<.001 =.30, p<.001 =.32, p<.001 =.27, p<.001 =.08, ns. 2 =1.80 p>.05, df =1, GFI =.99, AGFI =.99, CFI =.99, RMSEA =.06, AIC =19.8 考察結果のまとめと考察 2 EI-SES S-ESDS S-ESDS 3 18
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