0724ジクロロフェノール.PDF

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1 [2,4-Dichlorophenol, CAS No ] 2,4-2,4-DCP 4- -1,3-2,4-DCP C 6 H 4 2 O ) ) d = 1) 1) 16 Pa(25) 1) Log Pow = ) BOD g/l(20) 1) 1) 3) 1) 1) HSDB, 2001; 2), 1982; 3),

2 1) 2,4-DCP( ) (EPA, 2000) 100 2,4-DCP ( 10 ) mg/l 1.2 2,4-DCP Kintz et al., ,4-DCP( ) 20 (EPA, 2000) 2,4-DCP( ) mg/l 2,4-DCP (EPA, 2000) 2,4-DCP 1 EPA OSHA 2,4-DCP CANPR(Chemical Advisory and Notice of Potential Risk) EPA, ,4-DCP 2,4,5-29 ( ) 11 Bleiberg et al, 1964 (BUA, 1988) 2) (1) in vitro -1 2,4-DCP (ER) M Kramer et al., 1999; CERI, ,4-DCP (ERE) (E2 1/130,000)Nishihara et al., 2000MCF-7 Jones et al., ,4-DCP Tran et al., ,4-DCP M ERE CERI, 2001a (2) -2, 3 OECD 8 Wistar Hannover 2,4-DCP

3 mg/kg/day 3 2,4-DCP mg/kg/day µg/kg/day CERI2001b OECD 8 Wistar Hannover 2,4-DCP mg/kg/day 10 2,4-DCP mg/kg/day 0.4 mg/kg/day CERI, 2001b C57BL/6 AKR (6 / /)2,4-DCP 74 mg/kgdmso C57BL/6 18 AKR 19 C57BL/6 AKR 40 4 ( 6/251 DMSO 1/229 ) (1 ) (2 ) (1 ) NTIS, 1968a F344 (34 /) ,4-DCP( 99.2%) mg/kg/day( ) mg/kg/day 750 mg/kg/day (4/34 ) 750 mg/kg/day 2,4-DCP 750 mg/kg/day Rodwell et al., SD 2,4-DCP( 99) ppm ( mg/kg/day ) ppm 300 ppm 6 Exon et al.,1984; Exon & Koller, 1985 in vitro CB 6 F 1 CD-1 DCP mm 2,5-3,4-3,5-DCP 2,4-DCP 2,4-DCP mg/kg/day 90 CD-1 2,4-DCP 2,5-3,4-3,5-DCP Seyler et al.,

4 3) (1) -1 LD 50 LC 50-1 BUA, * LD 50 1, mg/kg 1) 580-4,000 mg/kg* 2 47 mg/kg 3 LC 50 LD 50 > 2,000 mg/kg 3 LD mg/kg mg/kg 2 LD 50 1,730 mg/kg 2 LDLo LDLo * 1) BUA, ) EHC, ) NTIS, 1968b ( 2,4-DCP ) (2) -4 B6C3F 1 (10 //) 2,4-DCP 99 02,5005,00010,000 20,00040,000 ppm 13 10,000 ppm 20,000 ppm 40,000 ppm 3 NTP, 1989 ICR 7 // 2,4-DCP ( mg/kg/day )6 230 mg/kg/day NOEL 100 mg/kg/day, 1972 B6C3F 1 (50 //)2,4-DCP 05,00010,000 ppm (:08001,300 mg/kg/day : mg/kg/day)2 10,000 ppm ( 11/50, 5,000 ppm 33/49, 10,000 ppm 42/48) (NTP, 1989) F344 (10 //) 2,4-DCP 99 02,5005,000 10,00020,00040,000 ppm 13 10,000 ppm 6/10 20,000 ppm 40,000 ppm NTP, 1989 NOEL 10,000 ppm (1,000 mg/kg/day ) 5,000 ppm 4

5 (500 mg/kg/day ) (BUA, 1996) F344 (5 //)2,4-DCP 02001,0005,00020,000 ppm ( ,782 mg/kg/day )4 OECD TG407 20,000 ppm -GTP BUA, 1996 F344 2,4-DCP 99 05,00010,000 ppm ( mg/kg/day ) 02,5005,000ppm ( mg/kg/day )2 ( 25/455,000ppm 38/4810,000 ppm 42/46) (NTP, 1989) 3 SD (10 /)2,4-DCP ppm ( mg/kg/day ) ppm (Exon et al., 1985) EPA NOEL 3 ppm0.5 mg/kg/day NOAEL 30 ppm5 mg/kg/day IRIS, 1988 WHO 6 NOEL 100 mg/kg/day, µg/kg/day TDI EHC, (1) -2 L5178 CHO CHO (Hilliard et al., 1998; NTP, 1981, 1989) V79 2,4-DCP V79 6- Jansson & Jansson, 1986 SD DNA (Elia et al., 1994) in vivo 5

6 in vitro -2 * TA98TA1535TA100 TA1537 S9(-) 5001,000µg/plate TA98TA100TA1535 TA1537 S9(+/-) µg/plate TA TA1537 S9(+/-) µg/plate TA98TA100TA1537 TA1535S9(-) µg/plate TA98 TA100YG1021 YG1024YG1026YG1029 S9(+) 100µg/plate V79 (6-TG )S9(-) mg/l L5178Y S9(-) mg/l CHO S9(+/-) S9(-): mg/l S9(+): mg/l CHO S9(+/-)S9-: 75 mg/l S9+: 150 mg/l CHO S9(+/-)S9-: mm S9+: mm TK6 S9(-) mm CHO S9(-)1.2 mm 1.4 mm BUA, 1988 NTP, 1989 NTP, 1989 NTP, 1989 Tanaka, et al Jansson et al., 1986 NTP, 1989 NTP, 1988 Anderson et al., 1990 Hilliard et al., 1998 Galloway et al., 1998 CHO S9(+/-)S9-: mg/l NTP, 1989 S9+: mg/l V79 Onfelt, µmol/L Probst, et al., DNA 50-1,000 mmol/ml 1981 DNA SD mm Elia et al., 1994 * (3) -3-5,-6 8 B6C3F 1 (50 //)2,4-DCP ,000 10,000 ppm (:08001,300 mg/kg/day : mg/g/day )2 10,000 ppm 11/505,000 ppm 33/4910,000 ppm 42/48 ( 12/50 5,000 ppm 6/5010,000 ppm 4/50) 10,000 ppm 1 (1/50) ( 8) 2,4-DCP NTP, 1989 F344/N 2,4-DCP 99 05,00010,000 ppm ( mg/kg/day ) F344/N 02,5005,000 ppm ( mg/kg/day 6

7 )2 ( 62%5,000ppm 34%10,000ppm 34%) (36.3%) 2,4-DCP NTP, ,4-DCP 3 2,4,6- EPANTPEU B2b 3 2,4-DCP 2,4-D (2,4- ) (EHC, 1989) ( ) 1977 IARC 2B Sutter (8-12 ) 0.3 DMBA ( ) 25µL (DMBA; 75µg)1 20 2,4-DCP 25µL ( 5 mg/ ) /27 (48%) 24 12/16 (75%) 24 :3/27 (11%) Boutwell & Bosch, SD 2,4-DCP ppm ENU( ) EU( ) ppm 2,4-DCP ppm 2,4-DCP 2,4-DCP ENU 2,4- DCP Exon & Koller, EPA IRIS, 2002 EU ECB, 2000 NTP NTP, 2000 IARC IARC, 2001 ACGIH ACGIH, 2001,

8 5-7 3 SD (10 /)2,4-DCP ppm ( mg/kg/day ) ppm DTH ) ELISA 300 ppm KLH 300ppm Exon et al., 1984 F344 5 // 2,4-DCP 02001,0005,00020,000 ppm ,782 mg/kg/day 4 OECD TG 407 IgG IgM BUA, ,4-DCP (IARC, 1986) SD (: g)10 mg/kg ( ) 2,4-DCP ( ) ,4-DCP ( ) 2,4-DCP mg/kg( ) Somani & Khalique, ,4-DCP 1(Somani & Khalique, 1982) P450 3A4 2,4-DCP in vitro 2- -1,4-2- 1,2,4-1Mehmood et al., ,4-DCP (16 ) (HSDB) 24 2,4-DCP(20 g/) (HSDB,2001) 8

9 9 (6) (7) (5) (1) 2,4-2,4-DCP (2)2- -1,4- (3) 2- -1,4- (4) 1,2,4-12,4- in vivo 2,4-DCP O O (1) (3) (2) (4)

10 2 2,4-DCP 2 10

11 ACGIH (2001) American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the threshold limit values and biological exposure indices. Seventh Edition, Cincinnati, Ohio, 200. Anderson, B.E., Zeiger, E., Shelby, M.D., Resnick, M.A., Gulati, D.K., Ivett, J.L., and Loveday, K.S. (1990) Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange test results with 42 chemicals. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 16 (Suppl. 18), Bleiberg, J., Wallen, M., Brodkin, R., and Applebaum, I.L. (1964) Industrially acquired porphyria. Arch. Dermatol., 89, Boutwell, R.K., and Bosch, D.K. (1959) The tumor-promoting action of phenol and related compounds for mouse skin. Cancer Res., 19, BUA (1988) 2,4-Dichlorophenol. BUA Report 31, German Chemical Society. BUA (1998) BUA Report 193 Supplementary Reports, German Chemical Society ECB (2000) Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substancesannex I ( EHC (1989) Chlorophenols Other Than Pentachlorophenol. Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) 93, IPCS. Elia, M.C., Storer, R.D., McKelvey, T.W., Kraynak, A.R., Barnum, J.E., Harmon, L.S., Deluca, J.G., and Nichols, W.W. (1994) Rapid DNA degradation in primary rat hepatocyte treated with diverse cytotoxic chemicals: analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and implications for alkaline elution assays. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 24, EPA (2000) Chemical Advisory and Notice of Potential Risk: Skin exposure to molten 2,4- dichlorophenol can cause rapid death. February 15. Exon, J.H., Henningsen, G.M., Osborne, C.C., and Koller, L.D. (1984) Toxicologic, pathologic, and immunotoxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol in rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 14, Exon, J.H., and Koller, L.D. (1985) Toxicity of 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6- trichlorophenol. pp in Water Chlorineation: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effect, Jolly et al., Ed., 5. Galloway, S.M., Miller, J.E., Armstrong, M.J., Bean, C.L., Skopek, T.R., and Nichols, W.W. (1998) DNA synthesis inhibition as an indirect mechanism of chromosome aberrations: comparison of DNA-reactive and non-dna-reactive clastogens. Mutat. Res., 400, Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), U.S. National Library of Medicine (2001). Hilliard, C.A., Armstrong, M.J., Bradt, C.I., Hill, R.B., Greenwood, S., and Galloway, S.M. (1998) Chromosome aberrations in vitro related to cytotoxicity of nonmutagenic chemicals and metabolic poisons. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 31, IARC (2001) IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. IRIS (2002) Integrated Risk Information System, National Library of Medicine, 11

12 ( Jansson, K., and Jansson, V. (1986) Inability of chlorophenols to induce 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants in V79 Chinese hamster cells. Mutat. Res., 171, Jones, P.A., Baker, V.A., Irwin, A.J.E., and Earl, L.K. (1998) Interpretation of the in vitro proliferation response of MCF-7 cells to potential oestrogens and non-oestrogenic substances. Toxicol. in Vitro, 12, Kintz, P., Tracqui, A., and Mangin, P. (1992) Accidental death caused by the absorption of 2,4- dichlorophenol through the skin. Arch. Toxicol., 66, Kramer, V.J., and Giesy, J.P. (1999) Specific binding of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites and other substances to bovine calf uterine estrogen receptor: structure-binding relationships. Sci. Total Environ., 233, Mehmood, Z., Kelly, D.E., and Kelly, S.L. (1997) Cytochrome P450 3A4 mediated metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Chemosphere, 34, Nishihara, T., Nishikawa, J., Kanayama, T., Dakeyama, F., Saito, K., Imagawa, M., Takatori, S., Kitagawa, Y., Hori, S., and Utsumi, H. (2000) Estrogenic activities of 517 chemicals by yeast two-hybrid assay. J. Health Sci., 46, Revised edition: NTIS National Technical Information Service (1968a) Evaluation of carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic activities of selected pesticides and industrial chemicals., PB NTIS National Technical Information Service (1968b) OTS NTP (1989) Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2,4-dichlorophenol in F344/N rats and BC3F1 mice. (Feed Studies).Technical Report Series 353. NTP (2000) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 9th Report on Carcinogens. Onfelt, A. (1987) Spindle disturbances in mammalian cells:. Toxicity, c-mitosis and aneuploidy with 22 different compounds. Specific and unspecific mechanisms. Mutat. Res., 182, Rodwell, E.D., Wilson, R.D., Nemec, M.D., and Mercieca, M.D. (1984) A teratology study in Fisher 344 rats with 2,4-dichlorophenol. Toxicologist, 4, 167. Rodwell, D.E., Wilson, R.D., Nemec, M.D., and Mercieca, M.D. (1989) Teratogenic assessment of 2,4-dichlorophenol in Fisher 344 rats. Fund. Appl. Toxicol., 13, Seyler, D.E., East, J.M., Condie, L.W., and Borzelleca, J.F. (1984) The use of in vitro methods for assessing reproductive toxicity. Dichlorophenols. Toxicol. Lett., 20, Somani, S.M., and Khalique, A. (1982) Distribution and metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenol in rats. J. Toxicol.Environ. Health, 9, Somani, S.M., Smart, T., and Khalique, A. (1984) Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenol by isolated perfused rat liver. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 13, Tanaka, Y., Iwasaki, H., and Kitamori, S. (1996) Biodegradation of herbicide chlornitrofen (CNP) and mutagenicity of its degradation products. Water Sci. Technol., 34,

13 Tran, D.Q., Klotz, D.M., Ladlie, B.L., Ide, C.F., McLachlan, J.A., and Arnold, S.F. (1996) Inhibition of progesterone receptor activity in yeast by synthetic chemicals. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 229, CERI 2001a 12 CERI 2001b 11 (1972) 2, 4-Dichlorophenol., 19, (1982). (1999) 0. (2001),, 43,

14 -1 in vitro ER [ 3 H]-E2 IC50 >510-5 M Kramer et al., (E M) ER 1999 ER IC50 >10-4 M CERI, 2001a ( ER ) (E M) Gal4 DNA REC M ER Nishihara et ER (E M) al., 2000 Gal4(E21/130,000) TIF M 2,4-DCP Tran et al., M M (2,4-DCP) 10-6 M 2,4-DCP M( ) M (2,4-DCP) M( ) 12 ER M ER CERI, 2001a HeLa M (E2PC50: <10 11 M) MCF M Jones et al., M (2,4-DCP) M (E2) 6 (10-14 M M E2 ) ER: ; E2: 17- ; REC10: 10-7 E2 10 ; PC50: E2 50 ; IC50: E

15 CERI, 2001b Wistar Hannover ( 3 mg/kg/day ) / mg/kg µg/kg/day CERI, 2001b (Wistar ( 10 mg/kg/day Hannover ) ) 24 mg/kg/day 6 + (TP) 0.4 mg/kg/day mg/kg/day NTIS, 1968a (C57BL/6 (DMSO) ) ( 18 ) 6 / 6-15 (AKR) ( 19 6 / (4/40 ) ) 6-15 (F344) ( ) ( / ) SD 10 / mg/kg/day :200 mg/kg/day Rodwell et al., mg/kg/day (4/34 ) :750 mg/kg/day ppm 300 ppm Exon, et al., , mg/kg/day Exon & Koller, (6 30 ppm ( ) 300ppm -3 in vitro 2, Seyler et al., ( CD- 1 CB 6 F 1 ) 500 mg/kg/day mm 1984 (0.4 ml, ) 15

16 ,5005,00010,000 20,0002,500 ppm NTP, 1989 (B6C3F 1 ) 10 / 40,000 ppm 10,000 ppm 20,000 ppm 20,000 ppm 40,000 ppm ( 8/9 3/10 ) NOEL 10,000 ppm(1,500 mg/kg/day ) % 3 0.2, 1972 (ddn ) 7 / mg/kg/day (2 ) (1 ) (2 ) NOEL=100 mg/kg/day 2 05,00010,000 ppm 10,000 ppm NTP, 1989 (B6C3F 1 ) 50 / mg/kg/day mg/kg/day ( 11/50 33/4942/48) ,0005,00020,000 ppm 20,000 ppm BUA, 1996 (F344 ) 5 / ( ,782 mg/kg/day ) -GT 13 02,5005,00010,000 20,00010,000 ppm (6/10 ) NTP, 1989 (F344 ) 10 / 40, 000 ppm 20,000 ppm 40,000 ppm NOEL 10,000 ppm 5,000 ppm 2 05,00010,000 ppm 440 mg/kg 250 mg/kg (F344 ( mg/kg/day ) ) 02, ppm 50 / ( mg/kg/day ( 25/45 38/48 42/46) ppm 300 ppm Exon & Koller, SD 3 ( mg/kg/day ) (13 ) 10 / 3 - (15-18 ) NOEL=3 ppm (0.5 mg/kg/day ) NOAEL=30 ppm (5mg/kg/day ) 16

17 ,00010,000 ppm 10,000 ppm NTP, 1989 B6C3F1, 50 / mg/kg/day mg/kg/day 11/50 5,000 ppm 33/4910,000 ppm 42/ ,00010,000 ppm NTP, 1989 F mg/kg 02, ppm 50 / mg/kg ( 62% 34% 36.3%) DMBA/Vehicle 0.3 : 1/14 (7%) DMBA* DMBA/2,4-DCP Sutter, µL : 13/27 (48%) 8-12 (75µg)1 ( ) 24 (25µL5 mg/animal ) DMBA/Vehicle : 3/27 (11%) DMBA/2,4-DCP : 12/16 (75%) Boutwell Bosch, SD EU ppm (13 Exon & Koller, NO / ppm ) / *DMBA9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracence 17

18 ppm Exon et al., SD mg/kg/day 300 ppm 1984, Exon & Koller, 10 / ppm 300 ppm, KLH 18

1 [2,4-Dichlorophenol, CAS No. 120-83-2] 2,4-2,4-DCP 4- -1,3-2,4-DCP C 6 H 4 Cl 2 O 163.0 OH Cl 45 1) 210.0 1) d 25 = 1.383 Cl 60 1) 16 Pa (25) 1) Log Pow = 3.06 1) BOD0 4 2) 4.5 g/l (20) 1) 1) 13 1) 3)

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