masato@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp
996 Start 997 998 999 000 00 00 003 004 005 006 007 008 SK-I Accident Partial Reconstruction SK-II Full reconstruction ( SK-III ( ),46 (40%) 5,8 (9%),9 (40%) 5MeV 7MeV 4MeV(plan) ν ν ν L/E KK
PMT signal QTC amp Discri.(CFD) hit timing charge Trigger FPGA multihit-tdc FIFO ATLAS-TDC ATLAS-TDC 3gain x 3ch QTCchip+
= Proton = Neutron
0.000000000
The neutrino is observed by seeing the product of its interaction with matter. Electron neutrino ν e Electron (e) Muon neutrino ν µ Muon (µ) The products are charged particles.
Water Cherenkov Detector Light emission from a charged particle Cherenkov radiation
Super-Kamiokande Run 5704 Event 355590 98-03-7:07:4:39 Inner: 3397 hits, 757 pe Outer: 0 hits, 0 pe (in-time) Trigger ID: 0x07 D wall: 089.6 cm FC e-like, p = 93. MeV/c Charge(pe) >5.0 3.-5.0.4-3. 9.8-.4 8.- 9.8 6.9-8. 5.6-6.9 4.5-5.6 3.5-4.5.6-3.5.9-.6.-.9 0.8-. 0.4-0.8 νe 0.- 0.4 + N e + N + (X) < 0. Super-Kamiokande Run 396 Sub 5 Ev 96598 97-05-0:5:3:9 Inner: 887 hits, 9607 pe Outer: hits, 0 pe (in-time) Trigger ID: 0x03 D wall: 690.0 cm FC mu-like, p = 33.6 MeV/c Charge(pe) >6.7 3.3-6.7 0.-3.3 7.3-0. 4.7-7.3.-4.7 0.0-. 8.0-0.0 6.- 8.0 4.7-6. 3.3-4.7.- 3.3.3-. 0.7-.3 Super-Kamiokande Run 87 Sub Ev 6467 96-06-:0:06:46 Inner: 30 hits, 754 pe Outer: hits, 0 pe (in-time) Trigger ID: 0x03 D wall: 95.5 cm Fully-Contained Mode Charge(pe) >5.0 3.-5.0.4-3. 9.8-.4 8.- 9.8 6.9-8. 5.6-6.9 4.5-5.6 3.5-4.5.6-3.5.9-.6.-.9 0.8-. 0.4-0.8 0.- 0.4 < 0. 930 744 558 37 86 0 0 500 000 500 000 Times (ns) νµ + N 0.- 0.7 µ + N + (X) νµ + N µ + N + π + (X) < 0. 400 Electron-like ring muon-like ring 0 categolized as categolized as 840 (diffused ring) (sharp edge) -ring e-like event (νe CC enriched sample) -ring 560 µ-like event 80 (νµ CC enriched sample) 0 0 500 000 500 000 Times (ns) 00 880 categolized as 660 multi-ring 440 event 0 (Additional cut for 0 0 500 000 500 000 oscillation analyses) Times (ns)
Super-Kamiokande SK JPARC
http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/
ν ( e ) = ν µ ν τ ( ν α ) = ( ν cosθ β U e U µ ( Uτ U e U µ U τ U e3 U µ3 U τ3) ν ( ) ν ν 3 sinθ ) ν -sinθ cosθ ν P(ν α ν β ) = sin θ sin (.7 m L/E) m = m -m (ev ) L (km): E (GeV): ( )
> > = > > cos sin sin cos ν ν θ θ θ θ ν ν µ e (0) (0) (0) ) ( (0) ) ( = > < = > < > >= ν ν ν ν ν ν ie t ie t ie t e e t e t E m p m m m p m p E E = = + + = ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] t E E e e e e e e t P e e t t E E i t E E i t ie ie t t ie ie t e e t ie ie t ) cos( sin cos sin cos sin cos sin (0) sin (0) cos (0) cos (0) sin (0) ) ( ) ( (0) cos (0) sin ) ( ) ( ) ( = = + = > > + < + < = > = < > + > >= θ θ θ θ θ θ θ ν θ ν θ ν θ ν θ ν ν ν ν ν θ ν θ ν µ µ µ
θ m
Proton, He π π π π µ e νµ νe νµ Super-Kamiokande
Super-K θ Number of Events ν µ 350 300 50 00 50 00 50 0 ν τ cos Multi-GeV µ-like + PC ντ νµ - -0.5 0 0.5 cosθ
L/E.8.6.4. 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. 0 Data/Prediction (null oscillation) 0 0 0 3 0 4 L/E (km/gev) Best fit expectation w/ systematic errors νµ νµ νµ νµ)
νe νµ ντ ν3 νµ~ ντ~ νe~0?
ν µ J-PARC 0.75MW 50GeV PS Kamioka Tokai
From Linac to 3 GeV 3 GeV Extraction Point From 3 GeV to Materials and Life Middle of Linac Tunnel JPARC Neutrino Tunnel Upstream of Linac Tunnel Tunnel Tour 50 GeV Tunnel
TK 005 006 007 008 009 00 0 TK construction SK full rebuild Linac MR April 009 Full power ν commissioning Possible upgrade in future First results 4MW J-PARC + Hyper-K ( Mt water Cherenkov)
νµ ντ
Quark+lepton GeV
p u u d X + e d d π 0 Γ=0 35 minimal SU(5) minimal SUSY SU(5) Super-K SUSY SO(0) 0 30 0 3 0 3 0 33 0 34 0 35 ( )
SK-III p e + π 0 Super-Kamiokande Run 999999 Event 94 0--06:00:06:35 Inner: 3849 hits, 889 pe Outer: 4 hits, pe (in-time) Trigger ID: 0x03 D wall: 946. cm FC, mass = 909.0 MeV/c^ Charge(pe) >5.0 3.-5.0.4-3. 9.8-.4 8.- 9.8 6.9-8. 5.6-6.9 4.5-5.6 3.5-4.5.6-3.5.9-.6.-.9 0.8-. 0.4-0.8 0.- 0.4 < 0. e + γ γ 90 78 546 364 8 0 0 500 000 500 000 Times (ns)
SN987a
Kamiokande IMB (~3 x 0 53 erg)
Neutrino flux and energy spectrum from Livermore simulation (T.Totani, K.Sato, H.E.Dalhed and J.R.Wilson, ApJ.496,6(998)) 5MeV threshold ~7,300 ν e +p events ~300 ν+e events (-) ~00 ν e + 6 O events for 0 kpc supernova
Time profile of the explosion SN at 0kpc Expected number of events in parentheses Neutrino oscillations are not taken into account here.
events/bin 50 40 30 Energy = 5-0 MeV ν+e events/bin 00 80 60 Energy = 0-0 MeV ν+e SN at 0kpc events/bin 0 0 0 - -0.5 0 0.5 cos(θ SN ) 60 Energy = 0-30 MeV 50 40 30 0 0 νe+p ν+e νe+p events/bin 0 - -0.5 0 0.5 cos(θ SN ) 40 0 νe+p 0 - -0.5 0 0.5 cos(θ SN ) 5 Energy = 30-40 MeV.5 0 ν+e 7.5 5.5 0 7.5 5.5 νe+p 0 - -0.5 0 0.5 cos(θ SN )
Figure from S.Ando
Neutrino Flux per sq-cm per second per MeV 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 0 0-0 - 0-3 0-4 0-5 0-6 0-7 Reactor ν Solar 8 B Solar hep Population synthesis (Totani et al., 996) Constant SN rate (Totani et al., 996) Cosmic gas infall (Malaney, 997) Cosmic chemical evolution (Hartmann et al., 997) Heavy metal abundance (Kaplinghat et al., 000) LMA ν oscillation (Ando et al., 00) Atmospheric ν 0 0 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00 Neutrino Energy (MeV) ~0-30MeV)
Super-K kton Hyper-K 540kton detectors 48m 50m 50m, Total mass = Mton
comparison of data and MC in p e p + π 0 search
masato@icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp tokyo.ac.jp
π SK-I (489 SK-II (804 >8.4 x 0 33
? m ν = m quark,lepton m R GeV