4 (2015) 3 8 Japanese Positron Science Society Positron annihilation age momentum correlation (AMOC) measurement Abstract: Positron annihilation Age-MOmentum Correlation (AMOC) measurement is the coincidence measurement method of positron injection time, positron annihilation time and positron annihilation gamma-rays energy. The methods for measurement and analysis of AMOC will be introduced briefly. Some of the interesting researches also will be introduced. Keywords: positron, annihilation gamma rays, lifetime, Doppler broadening, S parameter, W parameter 1. 2 1) (AMOC) Ge (HPGe) 511 kev (Ps) Ps (p-ps) (o-ps) p-ps 125 ps 125 10 12 2 o-ps 142 ns 142 10 9 3 Ps p-ps o-ps 2 Ps 2 511 kev p-ps p-ps o-ps Ps *1 2 o-ps 2 2 490 511 Energy (kev) 532 0 4 8 12 16 Time (ns) 100000 10000 1000 100 10 Counts 1 AMOC Tetsuya Hirade (Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency), 319 1195 2 4 TEL:029 282 6552, FAX:029 282 6716, E-mail: t.hirade@kurenai.waseda.jp *1 free positron Ps free
H.V. Doppler HPGe TFA Main Amp. Biased Amp. ADC Sample + 22 Na BaF 2 PMT CFD BaF 2 2D-MCA PMT CFDD Personal Computer 2 H.V. Fast Coincidence Gate & Delay Generator ADC TAC AMOC PAL CFDD 1 3 22 Na 22 Na 1.27 MeV 3 2 22 Na 2, 3) X 4) 22 Na AMOC 2. AMOC AMOC 22 Na 2 (2D-MCA) 2 22 Na AMOC AMOC 5) 1 1 HPGe 3 HPGe 3 1 10 ps 20 ps ev AMOC 2 ns ns μs 5) Fast-Filter Amplifier (Fast Amp.) AMOC Fast Amp. 6) AMOC 1 3 p-ps o-ps (1) A(t) *2 N A(t) I i λ i exp ( λ i t) (1) N ( ) I i λ i *2 S S (t) A(t) 4 Japanese Positron Science Society 4 (2015)
1 AMOC 511 kev (1) AMOC f i (t) = I i λ i exp ( λ i t) Nj=1 I j λ j exp ( λ j t ) (2) f i (t) t i Ps Ps 125 ps p-ps 400 ps ns o-ps 3 p-ps p-ps 3 S S S S S S N N I i λ i exp ( λ i t) S (t) = S i f i (t) = S i Nj=1 I j λ j exp ( λ j t ) (3) S (t) 4 AMOC S (t) 1 AMOC PALSfit 7) τ i I i 1 S 4 S (t) I 1 3 λ 1 3 (= 1/τ 1 3 ) S(t) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 S S p-ps o-ps 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ns 3 + + Ps 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 (ns) Ps S(t) 4 (2015) Japanese Positron Science Society 5
3 (2) 3 S 1 3 (3) S 1 3 o-ps S S o-ps 6) AMOC AMOC 3. 4 S (t) p-ps o-ps AMOC S (t) AMOC 260 ps 290 ps AMOC 125 ps p-ps 8) o-ps R p- Ps R p-ps o-ps + R (1/4) p-ps + R (3/4) o-ps + R (4) 3 5 p-ps S (t) 6 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine1- oxyl (HTEMPO) o-ps 9) o-ps S (t) o-ps p-ps o-ps p-ps 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 o-ps p-ps 0.0 0 1 2 3 (ns) S + + + + + S 5 Ps o-ps 6 HTEMPO 0.1 M S(t) 9) Reprinted figure with permission. Copyright EDP Sciences 1993. 6 Japanese Positron Science Society 4 (2015)
7 20K S 13) Reprinted figure with permission. Copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. AMOC S (t) (5) N S (t) = S i f i (t). (5) S S (t) 4. AMOC Ps Ps 1974 Mogensen 10) (spur) Ps 0.5eV 3eV 11) Ps Ps 11) S (t) 7 20 K 12, 13) Ps Ps p-ps S (t) Ps 10) S (t) Ps 7 13) Ps 2 AMOC (5) S S 4 (2015) Japanese Positron Science Society 7
AMOC 8 550 C 0.1 0.2 2 Fe-0.88 at.% Cu W 5) Reprinted figure with permission from K. Inoue, Y. Nagai, Z. Tang, T. Toyama, Y. Hosoda, A. Tsuto, M. Hasegawa, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 83 (2011) 115459. Copyright (2011) by the American Physical Society. 14) W W(t) AMOC 8 5) 5. AMOC AMOC 1) 2 (2014) 21. 2) H. Stall, M. Koch, K. Maier, J. Major: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 56 57 (1991) 582. 3) R. Suzuki, T. Ohdaira, T. Mikado, G. V. Rao: Mater. Sci. Forum 363 365 (2001) 661. 4) D. Zvezhinskiy, M. Butterling, A. Wagnerc, R. Krause-Rehberg, S. V. Stepanov: Acta Phys. Pol. A 125 (2013) 821. 5) K. Inoue, Y. Nagai, Z. Tang, T. Toyama, Y. Hosoda, A. Tsuto, M. Hasegawa: Phys. Rev. B 83 (2011) 115459. 6) K. Sato, H. Murakami, K. Ito, K. Hirata, Y. Kobayashi: Macromolecules 42 (2009) 4853. 7) P. Kirkegaard, J. V. Olsen, M. Eldrup, N. J. Pedersen: PALSfit (Risø-R-1652(EN), 2009). 8) T. Hirade: Mater. Sci. Forum 607 (2009) 232. 9) H. Schneider, A. Seeger, A. Siegle, H. Stoll, I. Billard, M. Koch, U. Lauff,J.Major:J.Phys.IV3 (1993) C4 69, 10) O. E. Mogensen: J. Chem. Phys. 60 (3) (1974) 998. 11) T. Hirade, F. H. J. Maurer, M. Eldrup: Radiat. Phys. Chem. 58 (2000) 465. 12) N. Suzuki, T. Hirade, F. Saito, T. Hyodo: Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68 (2003) 647. 13) T. Hirade, N. Suzuki, F. Saito, T. Hyodo: Phys. Status Solidi C 4 (2007) 3714. 14) Matti Valo 1 (2013) 41. (2014 10 30 ) : 1993 2004 8 Japanese Positron Science Society 4 (2015)