Japanese Journal of School Psychology, 2016, 16, 15 26 2 1 2 1 DePaulo, 1983 e.g., 2013 1997 2005a 2 1 1 2 IWM 2 IWM IWM 1989; 1997 Shaffer, Vogel, & Wei, 2006; Vogel, Wade, & Haake,
16 16 1 2006; Vogel & Wester, 2003; Vogel, Wester, Wei, & Boysen, 2005 2007a 2007b 2013 IWM Bowlby 1969, 1973, 1980 IWM IWM Mikulincer, Shaver, & Pereg, 2003 Dykas & Cassidy, 2011 Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007 IWM IWM 2 3 1999; Rothi & Leavey, 2006 Nam, Choi, Lee, Lee, Kim, & Lee, 2013 IWM IWM IWM IWM 2010 2004; Komiya, Good, & Sherrod, 2000; Vogel & Wei, 2005 IWM Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007 Lopez, 2001; Wei, Vogel, Ku, & Zakalik, 2005 IWM 4 e.g., Liberman & Mullan, 1978; Rickwood, 1995
17 2008 2008 2 1997 2 IWM 2 IWM IWM Mikulincer & Shaver, 2007 IWM IWM 5 IWM 2 2 1 IWM 2 IWM 1 IWM 1 1 IWM IWM 2 1 2 400 1 79 73 2 79 81 3 52 36 31 369 2 1 IWM 2005 Hazan & Shaver 1987 3 6 6 5 3 17 1 4 4 2 2008 8 6 3 3 3 3 6 26
18 16 1 1 5 5 3 2005b 1997 7 4 11 1 5 5 4 6 1 1 5 5 5 1 1 5 5 3 3 α α.78.94 IWM 1 IWM 3 IWM IWM 3 IWM 3 1 1
19 1 2003, p. 87 χ 2 35.12 n.s., df 36, GFI.99, AGFI.96, RMSEA.00 1 Komiya et al., 2000; Vogel & Wei, 2005 IWM IWM Hazan & Shaver, 1987 IWM IWM Hazan & Shaver, 1987 IWM Hazan & Shaver, 1987 IWM 3 IWM 2 IWM 1 2 IWM 2 1 6 1 3 1,331 1 237 227 1 2 215 206 3 229
20 16 1 1 IWM IWM.27**.16**.12*.16**.18**.69**.26**.16**.17**.18**.16**.34**.14*.24**.25**.22**.22**.36**.22**.23**.49**.34**.30**.12*.19**.32**.15**.21**.46**.43**.27**.22**.16* R 2.23.47.07.44.36.26.24.11.26.45.36 *p.05, **p.01
21 215 1 1 613 2 1 1 IWM 2005 17 4 2 3 1 2008 1 5 5 4 2008 6 6 6 5 23 1 4 4 3 1 3 α.77.92.69.82 IWM IWM 3 2 IWM 3 4 4 1 χ 2 18.74 n.s., df 19, GFI 1.00, AGFI.98, RMSEA.00 2 2 2
22 16 1 2 IWM IWM.23 **.16 **.14 **.19 **.19 **.28 **.19 **.24 **.21 **.16 **.21 **.18 **.12 **.12 **.62 **.52 **.26 **.48 **.24 **.21 **.54 ** R 2.10.05.05.18.52.43.66.45 *p.05, **p.01 1984, 1998 2 Taniguchi & Ura, 2002 IWM IWM IWM IWM IWM Collins & Read, 1990; Simpson, 1990
23 IWM IWM IWM IWM IWM 1 IWM 2 1 IWM 2 IWM IWM 2 IWM IWM IWM IWM 2013 2012 IWM
24 16 1 IWM 2 1 IWM IWM 2010 IWM 1 IWM IWM IWM IWM 1997 3 2 IWM 1 2 Takegahara & Ohbuchi, 2011 2008 IWM 1984 55, 8 14. 1989 1pp. 291 311. 1998 58, 366 372. Bowlby, J. 1969 Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books. Bowlby, J. 1973 Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation. New York, NY: Basic Books. Bowlby, J. 1980 Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss. New York, NY: Basic Books. Collins, N. L., & Read, S. 1990 Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644 663. DePaulo, B. M. 1983 Perspectives on help-seeking. In B. M. DePaulo, A. Nadler, & J. D. Fisher Eds., New directions in helping. Vol. 2 Help-seeking, pp. 3 12. New York: Academic Press. Dykas, M. J., & Cassidy, J. 2011 Attachment and the
25 processing of social information across the life span: Theory and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 19 46. 2013 13, 53 64. Hazan C., & Shaver, P. 1987 Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511 524. 2008 8, 49 58. 2008 8, 29 39. 2010 10, 33 40. 1997 c 2 06610095 2005 38, 141 148. 2004 37, 260 269. 2012 45, 155 164. Komiya, N., Good, G. E., & Sherrod, N. B. 2000 Emotional openness as a predictor of college students attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 138 143. Liberman, M. A., & Mullan, J. T. 1978 Does help help? The adaptive consequences of obtaining help from professionals and social networks. American Journal of Community Psychology, 6, 499 517. Lopez, F. G. 2001 Adult attachment orientations, self-other boundary regulation and splitting tendencies in a college sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 440 446. Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. 2007 Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York: Guilford Press. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Pereg, D. 2003 Attachment Theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachmentrelated strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 27, 77 102. 1999 47, 530 539. 2010 58, 46 56. 2005a 17, 29 37. 2005b 30, 73 80. 2007a 7, 35 45. 2007b 55, 197 207. 2008 35, 49 55. 2013 13, 65 76. Nam, S. K., Choi, S. I., Lee, J. H., Lee, M. K., Kim, A. R., & Lee, S. M. 2013 Psychological factors in college students attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help: A meta-analysis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 44, 37 45. Rickwood, D. J. 1995 The effectiveness of seeking help for coping with personal problems in late adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 685 703.
26 16 1 Rothi, D. M., & Leavey, G. 2006 Mental health helpseeking and young people: A review. Pastoral Care in Education, 24 3, 4 13. Shaffer, P. A., Vogel, D. L., & Wei, M. 2006 The mediating roles of anticipated risks, anticipated, benefits, and attitudes and the decision to seek professional help: An attachment perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 442 452. Simpson, J. A. 1990 Influence of attachment styles on romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 971 980. 1997 29, 1 21. Takegahara, Y., & Ohbuchi, K. 2011 A study of preventing factors on consulting behavior: Effects of interpersonal relationships. Tohoku Psychologica Folia, 70, 1 9. Taniguchi, H., Ura, M. 2002 Support reciprocity and depression among elementary school and high school students. Japanese Psychological Research, 44, 247 253. 2003 Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., Haake, S. 2006 Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 325 337. Vogel, D. L., & Wei, M. 2005 Adult attachment and help-seeking intent: The mediating roles of psychological distress and perceived social support. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 347 357. Vogel, D. L., & Wester, S. R. 2003 To seek help or not to seek help: The risks of self-disclosure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 351 361. Vogel, D. L., Wester, S. R., Wei, M., & Boysen, G. A. 2005 The role of outcome expectations and attitudes on decisions to seek professional help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 459 470. Wei, M., Vogel, D. L., Ku, T., & Zakalik, R. A. 2005 Adult attachment, affect regulation, negative mood, and interpersonal problems: The mediating roles of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 14 24. Effects of Anticipated Cost and Benefit and Internal Working Model on Help-seeking Satoru NAGAI, Masahiro HONDA & Kunijiro ARAI In this paper, two studies were conducted to examine the effect of internal working model and anticipated cost and benefit on help-seeking intentions. Study 1 examined the effects of internal working model and anticipated cost and benefit on help-seeking intentions. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the effect of internal working model on help-seeking intentions was mediated by anticipated cost and benefit. The results of Study 2 showed that internal working model affected the actual occurrence of cost and benefit, which in turn influenced the evaluations of help. Key words help-seeking, help-seeking preference, cost/ benefit, evaluation of help, internal working model 2014 9 18 2015 10 31