2008/02/18 08:40-10:10, 12:50-14:20 14:30-16:00, 16:10-17:40,

008/0/18 08:40-10:10, 1:50-14:0 14:30-16:00, 16:10-17:40,

1pt A

1911 Leiden Heike Kammelingh-Onnes

H.Kammelingh Onnes 1907 He 1 4. K

H H c T c T

H c Hg:40 mt, Pb:80 mt, Sn:30 mt 100 mt I c

H c

H c H c1 H H c H c T c T

H c H c T c H c

1957 BCS 10 K 10 K T c

I, Br, Ca, S, Li :C 6 I 4 O, C 6 I 6 : CsI, BiI :SnI 4 (O) (Fe) vol.38 No.1 (003) p69~8

vol.38 No.1 (003) p.69~8

NbTi Nb 3 Sn 50 SQUID

1911 Kammerlingh Onnes Kunzler Nb 3 Sn 6 T 15 T 0 T

NbTi Nb 3 Sn Tc

Nb 3 Ge

1986 IBM La -x Sr x CuO 4 La -x Ba x CuO 4 T c ~30 K

1987 YBa Cu 3 O 7-δ Tc 77K

Y O 3, BaO, CuO,

1988 1 Bi Ca Sr Cu 3 O 10 Tl Hg H c MgB

YBa Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) Bi Ca Sr Cu 3 O 10 (Bi3)

T c H c I T

I

I

15 T GM Refrigerator 1st stage (30~50 K) Vacuum space High Tc SC lead (Bi 3) Radiation Shield Compressor SC Magnet

I

Bi3 Bi Ca Sr Cu 3 O 10

(Bi3) T c 110K

I c ( 4.mm x 0.mm 0.9mm ) 10A 10

BSCCO : 85% DI-BSCCO : 100%

Albany

DC LNG

NMR NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) B ω = γb proton) 4.6 MHz @ 1 T I ω Bruker & Oxford 950 MHz @ ~.3 T JEOL JASTEC 930 MHz @ ~ T B 1GHz @ 4 T

NIMS) JEOL JASTEC 930 MHz @ ~ T NIMS

(1) 1mm (77K) 00A () (3) (4) 1,800m

800 1

( )

(4K) 0K

1

http://fir.fir.fukui-u.ac.jp/

P=πfε 0 ε r tanδ E f : ε 0 : ε r : tanδ : E :

eb ωc ( GHz) = = 8B(T) m

http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/e-ene/handbook/04_sikumi/401_type_a.html

B 4 C B 4 C BN( (cubic) )

B 4 C,., B 4 C, (HIP) (SPS).,.. B 4 C, B 4 C

,,,,.,,.

B 4 C, HIP.. He.,,.,,.,,,,.

,,..,,,.,, ( ).,,, 100 90%, B4C 90%,.

~0.1% % ~10%

c Al 3+ O - Cr 3+

1891 Al O 3 Cr O 3 000 10cm

Al O 3 Cr O 3

Al O 3 Cr O 3

10-15 m 10-10 m 10-15 m

E = 1 mv e r

r e m p r e mv E 1 = = mv Q p = Schrödinger r e z y x m r e m p + + = = h H + + z y x

φ H φ = E r e z y x m r e m p + + = = h H

r e mr l r r dr m + + = h h H + + = x y y x z x x z y z z y l l φ H φ E = r e z y x m r e m p + + = = h H

r e mr l r r dr m + + = h h H ), ( ) ( ϕ θ φ Y r R = ) ( ) ( r R r e mr r r dr m r R + + = h λh H 1 ), ( ), ( ϕ θ ϕ θ Y Y = l H 18 19

) ( ) ( r R r e mr r r dr m r R + + = h λh H 1 4 n me h = 1 E n=1,,3, n= n=1

H Y ( θ, ϕ) = l Y ( θ, ϕ) Y ( θ, ϕ) Y ( θ, ϕ) = Θ ( θ ) Φ ( ϕ) lm m l m

n, l, m, n= n= 3 n= E 1 4 me = h n n= 1 λ~130 nm λ 400 700 nm

n=1,,3 l=s,p,d,f,. s: l=0, p: l=1, d: l=, X n=1 l=0 : s n= l=0, 1 : s,p, n=3 l=0, 1, : s,p,d

n=1,,3 l=s,p,d,f,. l=0:s, l=1:p, l=:d, H:1s 1, H + :1s 0, He:1s, Li:1s s 1, Be:1s s, B:1s s p 1,C:p,N:p 3,O:p 4,F:p 5, Nep 6 He:1s Li:1s s 1

Ne:1s s p 6 ( 10, Ar:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 ( 18, K:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 4s 1, Ca:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 4s, 3d 4s Sc:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 3d 1 4s, Ti:3d 4s, V:3d 3 4s, Cr:3d 4 4s, Mn:3d 5 4s, Fe:3d 6 4s, Co:3d 7 4s, Ni:3d 8 4s, Cu:3d 9 4s, Zn:3d 10 4s

Al Al:1s s p 6 3s 3p 1 Al 3+ :1s s p 6 ( 13 ( 10 Ne O O:1s s p 4 ( 7 Ne O - :1s s p 6 ( 10 - Al +3 O - s p

Cr Cr:1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 3d 4 4s ( 4 Cr 3+ :1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 3d 3 Al O 3 Cr O 3 Fe O 3 Al O 3 Cr 3+ Fe 3+

Cr 3+ :1s s p 6 3s 3p 6 3d 3 3d l+1=5 Cr +3 s d p

Cr 3+ Al O 3

d d H 1 E = mv p = m e r e r h = m e r H h = m e r 6 + Ze R i i r n=3 l= (3d)

h H = m 6 Ze R i i r e r 6 + Ze R i i r Y ( θ, ϕ) = Θ ( θ ) Φ ( ϕ) lm m n=3 l= (3d)

n= n= 3 n= E 1 n= 4 me = h n n= 5 n= λ~130 4 nm l= (3d) n= 1 n= 3 λ~400 nm ~700 nm

n= n= 3

Be 3 Al Si 6 O 18 Cr 3+

Ca(PO 3 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(D) (T) D + D -> He3 + n + 3.3 MeV D + D -> T + n + 4.03 MeV http://p-grp.nucleng.kyoto-u.ac.jp/fusion/fusion.html#fusion http://www.nifs.ac.jp/index-j.html

Au: 4f 14 5s 5p 6 5d 10 5f 0 6s

Au: 4f 14 5s 5p 6 5d 10 5f 0 6s + +

E = E exp( iω ) 0 t m&& x = ee ee0 x = mω N P = enx = Ne mω E 0

Ne P = enx = E 0 D = εe = E + P mω Ne ε ( ω) = 1 mω ω < ω p ω > ω p ω p = 1 ω ω = p Ne m ε ε

P - + + - P

P - +

http://www.grn.mmtr.or.jp/~noriko/goldcolloid/explanati on.html

[ ] G.Mie, "Beitrage zur Optik truber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallosungen", Annalen Physik, 5, 377-445 (1908). Mie J.C.Maxwell-Garnett, "Colours in Metal Glasses and in Metallic Films", Phylosophical Transactions, 30, 385-40 (1904). Maxwell-Garnett C.A.Foss, Jr., G.L.Hornyak, J.A.Stockert, and C.R.Martin, "Template- Synthesized Nanoscopic Gold Particles: Optical Spectra and the Effects of Particle Size and Shape", Journal of Physical Chemistry, 98, 963-971 (199). P.B.Johnson and R.W.Christy, "Optical Constants of the Noble Metals", Physical Review B 6, 4370-4379 (197).

3

1100~1300ºC

Al Si O 5 (OH) 4

1616

http://www.k3.dion.ne.jp/~m_kato/kakiemon.html#

- - 1,800 61 6 7 1 : : :

1958 4 169

6 α-fe O 3

17 α-feooh 17

18

1707

FeS +(Fe 11 S 1 ~Fe 7 S 8 ) +O FeSO 3 +SO 3 +SO +O FeSO 3 +H O Fe + +SO 4 - +H O Fe + +SO 4 - +H O FeSO 4 7H O FeSO 4 7H O FeSO 4 H O 700 1~ FeSO 4 H O α-fe O 3 +SO 3 +SO +MSO 4

FeSO 4 H O α-fe O 3 +SO 3 +SO +MSO 4 PbO-SiO, B O 3 -SiO, PbO-B O 3 -SiO

10%~5% 100 700

a)fe O 3 b)fe O 3 c)fe O 3

Fe O 3 Fe O 3 Fe O 3 Fe O 3 % 760 Fe O 3 5% 760 800 900 10% 800 900 0% 900 1100

Fe O 3 Fe O 3

Fe O 3 10~0 700 900 Fe O 3 Fe O 3 Fe O 3

Fe O 3 Fe O 3 S1 660 S: 700 S3 800 S4 900 α Fe O 3 0% 700 15

S1 0.05µ m S 0.05µ m S3 0.15µ m S4 0.5µ m

Fe O 3 660 α Fe O 3 0% 700 15 800 15 900 15 1000 15 0.05 µm 0.1 µm 0.5 µm 0.3 µm

Fe O 3 660 α Fe O 3 0% 700 800 900 1000 15 1 3

Fe O 3

α

α-fe O 3

α-fe O 3 α-fe O 3 α-fe O 3

vol.59, No1, (006) 141-143

a 100

Fe O 3

150 µ α-al O 3 1µm 0.3µm α-al O 3 c: 1 /min

4

1pt A