1960 1960 90 3 1 2 S 1961 71 1 3 50 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
1970 2 3 4 National Sample Survey, NSS 51
Farm Accounts in the Punjab NSS 5 4 1961 62 71 72 82 91 92 5 NSS 0.2ha 6 82 91 92 CD-ROM 7 5 2,028 8 595 80 % 6 8 9 1970 1 60 90 30 % 44 % 5% 27 % 90 71% 7 28 60 4 1 1960 60 2 1960 70 3 1970 80 52 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
1 1ha 1ha 4 5 3 2 3 2 t/ha 1,000ha % 1,000t t/ha 1,000ha % 1,000t % % 19601 1.2 1,400 29.6 1,742 1.0 227 4.8 229 53.8 126.2 19651 1.2 1,550 31.7 1,916 1.0 292 6.0 292 59.5 128.6 1970 2.2 2,299 40.5 5,145 1.8 390 6.9 688 71.3 140.1 1975 2.4 2,439 39.0 5,788 2.6 567 9.1 1,447 75.1 150.4 1980 2.7 2,812 41.6 7,677 2.7 1,178 17.4 3,233 80.7 161.4 1985 3.5 3,112 43.5 10,988 3.2 1,714 23.9 5,449 87.9 170.6 1990 3.7 3,273 43.6 12,159 3.2 2,015 26.9 6,506 92.7 177.9 60651 0.7 10.7 10.0 0.9 28.6 27.5 % 6570 81.0 48.3 168.5 76.4 33.6 135.6 7075 6.0 6.1 12.5 44.7 45.4 110.3 7580 15.0 15.3 32.6 7.5 107.8 123.4 8085 29.3 10.7 43.1 15.8 45.5 68.5 8590 5.2 5.2 10.7 1.6 17.6 19.4 1196065 2100 3 4100 5100 Economic Adviser to Government of Punjab, Statistical Abstract of Punjab, Chandigarh, Various Issues; Government of India, Indian Agricultural Statistics 1981/82 1985/86, Vol. 1, New Delhi, 1989, p. 160 4 1980 tube well 1 10 1970 69 %80 98 %90 100 % 33 %93 %95 % 11 53
80 90 % 2 3 12 4 100 2 1 2 1991 92 3ha 8ha 2ha 13 1 14 15 16 17 2 3 54 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
21ha kg 197172 198687 197475 198788 1.0ha 97.6 170.0 60.0 142.2 1.0 2.0ha 176.1 164.1 2.0 4.0ha 113.1 174.5 63.0 144.5 4.0 6.0ha 180.6 195.5 6.0ha 108.7 179.2 69.3 194.0 1 2 Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the Cost of Cultivation of Principal Crops Jain, K. K., ÒAn Appraisal of Costs and Prices on Different Farms in Punjab,Ó Agricultural Situation in India, Jan. 1993, pp. 768769 3 % 1982 199192 1974 75 1.0ha 81 0.21.0ha 79 60 67 76 1.0 2.0ha 82 1.0 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 1100 2 3 4199192CD-ROM2 0.2 0.5ha 69%67% 0.2 0.5ha0.5 1.0ha1.0 2.0ha2.0 4.0ha 4.0 10.0ha 10.0ha 1974 75: Bhalla, G. S., and Chadha, G. K., Green Revolution and the Small Peasant: A Study of Income Distribution among Punjab Cultivators, New Delhi, Concept Publishing Company, 1983, p. 34; 1982: Government of India, Sarvekshana, Vol. 12, No. 1, July 1988, p. S-12, p. S-123, p. S-137; 199192:, 48th National Sample Survey, CD-ROM., Sarvekshana, Vol. 20, No. 3, Jan.Mar. 1997, p. 187 55
4100 0.2 1.0ha 1.0 2.0ha 2.0 3.0ha 3.0 6.0ha 6.0 8.0ha 8.0ha 197172 42 60 74 92 105 125 82 1982 12 34 50 44 49 65 38 1991 197172 48 85 102 127 143 201 116 1982 29 65 76 100 114 121 76 1991 197172 0 0 1 2 8 30 4 1982 0 3 6 16 44 62 14 1991 199192CD-ROM212haCD- ROM344234 197172: Government of India, Sarvekshana, Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4, Jan.Apr. 1982, p. S-53, p. S-151; 1982:, Sarvekshana, Vol. 13, No. 3, Jan.Mar. 1990, p. S-138, p. S-194; 199192:, 48th National Sample Survey, CD-ROM;, Livestock and Agricultural Implements in Household Operational Holdings, NSS Report No. 408, Oct. 1997, p. A-8, p. A-122 30 90 1 4 5 18 6 7 19 20 1960 6 1962 66 89 90 1ha 21 1965 Food Corporation of IndiaAgricultural Price CommissionPublic Distribution System 22 56 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
5 1962 66 1970 74 1983 84 198990 1.0 2.0ha 5 1 5 7 2.0 3.0ha 16 5 15 22 3.0 6.0ha 31 72 31 46 6.0 8.0ha 33 33 16 7 8.0ha 32 15 9 4 117 126 76 86 1.0 2.0ha 2.0 3.0ha 2 3.0 6.0ha 16 26 6.0 8.0ha 12 13 8.0ha 48 45 76 86 11962667074 2 Economic Adviser to Government of Punjab, Farm Accounts in the Punjab, Chandigarh, Various Issues 61ha 1962 66 1970 74 1983 84 198990 1.0 2.0ha 673 605 800 1,357 1,167 1,244 2,105 2,420 494 639 1,305 1,063 2.0 3.0ha 467 733 812 1,272 913 1,473 2,102 2,156 446 740 1,290 884 3.0 6.0ha 519 735 984 t 862 930 1,444 1,905 2,315 411 709 921 1,454 6.0 8.0ha 401 631 t 664 t1,144 729 1,184 2,373 2,178 328 553 1,708 1,034 491 553 t 761 t1,146 829 1,086 1,867 2,101 339 534 1,106 956 1t 2 31960 41970741.02.0ha 5 6 62 66 70 74 70 74 83 84 57
719838489901ha 1.02.0ha 8384 1,305 237 31 300 310 242 9 176 8990 1,063 164 42 233 198 302 9 115 2.03.0ha 8384 1,290 243 91 269 260 308 2 117 8990 884 185 61 197 147 178 4 112 3.06.0ha 8384 921 188 39 182 214 174 6 119 8990 894 246 48 127 167 188 3 114 3.06.0hat 8384 1,355 258 634 16 216 134 3 94 8990 1,454 357 614 0 213 168 2 98 6.08.0hat 8384 1,708 288 702 34 323 231 7 123 8990 1,034 254 402 0 164 123 1 90 8.0hat 8384 1,106 206 351 35 253 156 6 99 8990 956 264 314 0 167 109 3 99 1.02.0ha 100.0 30.1 4.5 28.0 46.5 25.1 0.3 25.4 2.03.0ha 100.0 14.3 7.4 17.7 27.7 32.2 0.7 1.4 % 3.06.0ha 100.0 211.7 34.9 199.1 171.3 50.3 9.9 16.5 3.06.0hat 100.0 100.4 20.4 15.9 2.3 34.9 0.9 4.1 6.08.0hat 100.0 5.1 44.5 5.1 23.5 15.9 0.9 5.0 8.0hat 100.0 38.1 24.8 23.2 56.8 31.4 1.5 0.5 1t 2 5 1970 GDP 70 0.2 0.5 % 80 1% 23 80 6 83 84 89 90 7 24 58 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
1ha 7 3 6ha 1 4 2 1 7 1 2 3 59
NSS 1961 147 71 166 81 176 91 189 25 60 380 ha 91 420 ha 60 70 26 8 1960 0.2 1ha 61 62 60 6ha 70 3ha 80 2ha 8 % 196162 197172 197172 1982 199192 0.2 1.0ha 18 13 10 21 27 1.0 2.0ha 15 19 20 20 23 2.0 3.0ha 16 18 16 17 16 3.0 6.0ha 27 30 36 27 23 6.0 8.0ha 10 9 9 7 5 8.0ha 15 11 10 8 6 100 100 100 100 100 0.2 1.0ha 2 2 1 3 5 1.0 2.0ha 5 7 7 9 11 2.0 3.0ha 9 11 10 12 13 3.0 6.0ha 27 32 37 33 33 6.0 8.0ha 15 16 15 14 12 8.0ha 41 32 30 29 25 100 100 100 100 100 199192CD-ROM2 196162: Government of India, Tables with Notes on Some Aspects of Landholdings in Rural Areas, NSS Report No.144, 1968, p. 167; 197172:, Sarvekshana, Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4, Jan.Apr. 1982, p. S-229, p. S-234; 1982 :, Sarvekshana, Vol. 12, No. 1, July 1988, p. S-12; 199192:, 48th National Sample Survey, CD-ROM;, Sarvekshana, Vol. 20, No. 3, Jan.Mar. 1997, p. 93 60 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
60 27 28 9 1971 72 2ha 29 1961 62 91 92 1950 30 61
9 % 196162 197172 197172 1982 199192 00.002ha 12 9 7 6 6 0.0020.2ha 37 46 51 49 51 0.2 1.0ha 12 11 10 11 12 1.0 2.0ha 9 9 8 10 11 2.0 3.0ha 8 8 8 8 8 3.0 6.0ha 11 10 11 10 8 6.0 8.0ha 4 3 2 2 1 8.0ha 6 4 4 3 2 100 100 100 100 100 00.002ha 0 0 0 0 0 0.0020.2ha 0 1 1 1 1 0.2 1.0ha 3 4 4 5 6 1.0 2.0ha 7 8 9 11 15 2.0 3.0ha 10 13 14 14 19 3.0 6.0ha 24 29 31 30 31 6.0 8.0ha 14 12 8 12 9 8.0ha 40 33 33 28 19 100 100 100 100 100 199192CD-ROM2 23ha17%8ha22% 196162: Government of India, Tables with Notes on Some Aspects of Landholdings in Rural Areas, NSS Report No.144, 1968, p. 124; 197172:, Sarvekshana, Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4, Jan.Apr. 1982, p. S-3, p. S-8; 1982:, Sarvekshana, Vol. 11, No. 2, Oct. 1987, p. S-12; 199192:, 48th National Sample Survey, CD-ROM;, Sarvekshana, Vol. 19, No. 2, Oct.Dec. 1995, p. 94 31 60 60 10 32 11 33 1960 82 61 62 71 72 82 62 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
28 % 16 % 1960 NSS 10 % 197172 1982 199192 0.2 1.0ha 13 11 17 1.0 2.0ha 36 19 12 2.0 3.0ha 32 15 14 3.0 6.0ha 31 17 19 6.0 8.0ha 32 17 25 8.0ha 20 15 23 28 16 19 0.2 1.0ha 1 2 5 1.0 2.0ha 9 10 7 2.0 3.0ha 11 11 10 3.0 6.0ha 40 35 32 6.0 8.0ha 17 14 16 8.0ha 22 27 30 100 100 100 1100 2199192CD-ROM2 24haCD- ROM23%21% 34 197172 Government of India, Sarvekshana, Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4, Jan.Apr. 1982, p. S-234, p. S-263; 1982:, Sarvekshana, Vol. 12, No. 1, July 1988, p. S-12, p. S- 54; 199192:, 48th National Sample Survey, CD- ROM;, Sarvekshana, Vol. 20, No. 3, Jan.Mar. 1997, p. 119 40 50 % 60 34 60 35 8 0.2 1ha 1980 11 % 7172 82 9192 7172 82 9192 7172 82 9192 7172 82 9192 0.2 1.0ha 84 73 78 11 25 22 5 2 100 100 100 1.0 2.0ha 46 68 78 44 32 22 10 100 100 100 2.0 3.0ha 43 65 74 55 35 25 2 1 100 100 100 3.0 6.0ha 40 64 58 53 36 42 7 100 100 100 6.0 8.0ha 35 64 42 57 36 58 8 100 100 100 8.0ha 54 58 53 43 40 46 3 1 100 100 100 47 66 70 47 33 30 6 0 0 100 100 100 197172: Government of India, Sarvekshana, Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4, Jan.Apr. 1982, p. S-263; 1982:, Sarvekshana, Vol. 12, No. 1, July 1988, p. S-12, p. S-54; 199192:, 48th National Sample Survey, CD-ROM 63
12199192 % 0.2 1.0ha 1.0 2.0ha 2.0 3.0ha 3.0 4.0ha 4.0 5.0ha 5.0 6.0ha 6.0 8.0ha 0.00.2ha 5 0 1 1 1 2 0.2 1.0ha 83 16 10 4 0 28 1.0 2.0ha 7 79 6 10 14 12 7 1 24 2.0 3.0ha 5 3 80 19 18 3 7 2 19 3.0 4.0ha 1 1 60 7 21 12 4 9 4.0 5.0ha 0 1 0 3 55 9 17 11 6 5.0 6.0ha 0 1 51 11 2 3 6.0 8.0ha 1 1 3 44 16 4 8.0ha 0 1 4 2 1 64 5 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 27 23 16 12 7 4 5 6 100 Government of India, 48th National Sample Survey, CD-ROM 8.0ha 1 3ha 60 91 92 10 11 1980 3ha 6ha 36 6ha 1 6ha 82 91 92 1980 12 37 2 1 3ha 3ha 80 % 3ha 40 60 % 2 64 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
1980 38 13 1961 62 91 92 39 1960 1970 0.2 6ha 6ha 6ha 6ha 50 60 70 1980 8ha 6 8ha 2 10 % 6ha 80 6ha 65
13 % 196162 197172 197172 1982 199192 0.0020.2ha 4 7 5 5 2 0.2 1.0ha 14 25 33 24 18 1.0 2.0ha 19 13 18 8 22 2.0 3.0ha 14 18 23 14 20 3.0 6.0ha 10 14 18 8 10 6.0 8.0ha 20 6 3 6 5 8.0ha 13 12 17 15 7 14 13 18 11 13 0.0020.2ha 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.0ha 4 8 7 11 9 1.0 2.0ha 10 8 9 8 25 2.0 3.0ha 11 18 18 17 28 3.0 6.0ha 17 30 33 21 23 6.0 8.0ha 21 5 2 6 4 8.0ha 37 31 31 38 11 100 100 100 100 100 1100 2199192CD-ROM2 0.5 1haCD-ROM21%19%12ha22% 18%24ha16%14%10ha10%7%12ha 25%20%410ha19%21%34 196162: Government of India, Tables with Notes on Some Aspects of Landholdings in Rural Areas, NSS Report No.144, 1968, p. 139; 197172:, Sarvekshana, Vol. 5, Nos. 3 & 4, Jan.Apr. 1982, p. S-26, p. S-31; 1982:, Sarvekshana, Vol. 11, No. 2, Oct. 1987, p. S-68; 199192:, 48th National Sample Survey, CD-ROM;, Sarvekshana, Vol. 19, No. 2, Oct.Dec. 1995, p. 168 1 3ha 1 3ha 3ha 1ha 1982 38 % 8ha 11% 1 3ha 25 % 53 % 1 3ha 66 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
NSS 1991 92 69 1 A A 0.2ha A A B 1199192 % 100 90 C D 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 A 10 B 0 ha 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.2 0.001ha 12 67
14199192 % A B C D A B C D 12 31 13 13 69 100 100 100 100 100 7 29 11 12 59 58 94 85 92 86 5 2 2 1 10 42 6 15 8 14 1 3 1 4 25 8 6 23 3 3 1 7 25 10 8 10 45 4 10 6 2 22 33 32 46 15 32 610 2 17 5 8 32 17 55 38 62 46 11 1 3 4 3 23 6 12 B C 100 % C D D 40 14 BCD A A 1 2 3 D A C A-6 41 A-5A-10C-3 A 3 4 1 15 A B C D C 23 14 D 3 16 A B 42 C 68 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
15199192 % A B C D A B C D 9 58 23 41 131 100 100 100 100 100 E1 2 24 14 7 47 22 41 61 17 36 E2 2 6 3 3 14 22 10 13 7 11 E3 4 23 4 18 49 44 40 17 44 37 E4 5 2 10 17 9 9 24 13 E5 1 3 4 11 7 3 11 2E1:E2:E3:E4: E5: 12 2 C D D 13 7 43 131 3 D C D D A 3 2 A 6 C B 3 69
16199192 A 9 9 B 58 55 3 CC-1 2 E1 E1 C-2 1 E2 C-3 1 E1 C-4 1 E1 C-5 2 E2 E3 C-6 1 E1 C-7 1 E1 C-8 1 E4 C-9 3 E4 E3 E1 C-10 1 E1 C-11 3 E1 E1 E1 C-12 5 E2 E3 E3 E1 E1 C-13 1 E1 23 1 1 7 1 1 1 4 2 3 1 1 D-1 2 E3 E3 D-2 2 E3 E5F D-3 5 E1 E4 E5 E3 E4 D-4 3 E3 E3 E1 D-5 4 E1 E1 E1 D-6 2 E4 E1 D-7 3 E3 E4 E4 D-8 2 E3 E5 D-9 2 E3 E3 D-10 6 E2 E1 E3 E3 E3 E3 D-11 4 E2 E3 E4 E4F D-12 3 E3 E4 E4F D-13 3 E3 E4 E3 41 17 3 1 3 1 5 10 1D-13 2E1E5152 3 4 5F 12 70 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001 E2 1
A 1 B 4 D 1 A 2 B 5 D 4 B 2 D 2 44 A 4ha 10a A A A B 1ha 8ha 45 B B S S 46 71
C A 2ha A C D B D D D A D 17 A 30 % A A B A B B C 20 % C 0.2 2ha 34 % C C D 14 % D 72 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
17199192 % A B C D 0.0020.2ha 0 0 0.2 1.0ha 1 1 6 1 9 1.0 2.0ha 5 5 12 3 25 2.0 3.0ha 13 8 2 4 27 3.0 6.0ha 15 6 4 24 6.0 8.0ha 4 4 8.0ha 8 2 11 34 32 20 14 100 12 1991 92 1 3ha 82 C D 80 1970 73
80 1980 2 70 80 A B C D 4 C D D 1991 A 2000 6 2 74 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
199192 ha ha ha ha A-1 2 1 21 4.1 4.0 fm 0.0 A-2 5 2 42F 3.7 3.6 sp 0.0 A-3 6 0 38F 3.3 3.2 fm 0.1 A-4 5 0 23 2.4 2.4 fm 0.0 A-5 1 0 60F 2.0 2.0 fp 0.0 A-6 2 1 75 2.0 2.0 fm 0.0 A-7 1 1 35 1.7 1.6 fp 0.0 A-8 5 1 23 1.1 1.1 fp 0.0 A-9 7 2 55 1.0 0.9 sp 0.2 A-10 1 0 62 0.8 0.8 sp 0.0 A-11 3 1 30F 0.0 0.0 fp 0.0 A-12 4 0 32F 0.0 0.0 $ sp 0.0 B B-1 6 2 55 11.8 8.1 fm 3.7 B-2 6 2 45 11.6 5.7 fm 5.9 B-3 7 2 56 11.2 2.0 fm 9.2 B-4 6 2 85 10.4 6.6 fm 3.8 B-5 15 2 35 9.5 0.8 fm 8.7 B-6 5 2 39 9.4 3.2 fm, usu 6.1 B-7 6 1 37 8.1 4.0 fm 4.1 B-8 7 3 62 7.4 4.0 fm 3.4 B-9 6 2 44F 7.0 4.0 fm 2.9 B-10 5 1 40 6.5 4.5 fm 2.0 B-11 6 2 46 5.4 2.1 fm 4.3 1.1 B-12 10 3 82 5.2 2.3 fm 3.0 B-13 4 2 50 4.5 1.2 fm 3.3 B-14 5 2 50 4.1 3.2 $ fm 0.8 B-15 6 2 47 3.4 1.1 sp, rel 2.5 0.3 B-16 4 3 50 3.1 0.8 fm 2.2 B-17 6 1 30 3.0 1.8 $ fm 1.2 B-18 6 2 65 2.9 1.4 fm 2.3 0.8 B-19 9 3 45 2.9 0.6 usu 2.3 B-20 10 2 75 2.8 0.1 sp 2.7 B-21 3 2 60 2.4 1.4 $ fm 1.0 B-22 5 1 35 2.1 2.1 fm 1.7 1.7 B-23 6 2 65 2.1 1.8 fp 0.3 B-24 8 1 35 2.1 1.5 fm 0.5 B-25 2 1 45F 2.0 1.6 $ fm 0.4 B-26 5 1 37 1.4 1.4 fm 0.4 0.4 B-27 5 2 50 1.4 0.7 usu 7.4 6.7 B-28 7 4 52 1.3 1.3 sp, rel 12.1 12.1 B-29 2 1 60 1.2 0.6 fm 0.6 B-30 5 1 49 0.6 0.4 sp 0.2 B-31 4 1 48 0.6 0.4 fm 0.2 75
ha ha ha ha C C-1 4 2 35 2.1 2.0 sp 0.0 C-2 4 1 80F 1.5 1.5 fp 0.1 C-3 1 1 65 1.4 1.4 fm, fp 0.0 C-4 7 1 40 1.2 1.2 fm 0.0 C-5 8 2 42 1.2 1.2 fm 0.0 C-6 6 1 35 1.2 1.2 fm 0.0 C-7 10 1 50 0.9 0.9 fm 0.0 C-8 3 1 72F 0.9 0.8 sp 0.0 C-9 5 3 47 0.8 0.8 fm 0.0 C-10 4 1 32 0.6 0.6 fm 0.0 C-11 5 3 22 0.4 0.4 fm 0.0 C-12 9 5 65 0.4 0.4 sp 0.0 C-13 5 1 40 0.4 0.4 fm 0.0 D D-1 8 2 50 13.0 11.3 fm 1.7 D-2 4 2 45F 4.9 2.9 fm 2.1 D-3 11 5 53 4.9 1.6 fm 9.7 6.5 D-4 5 3 36 4.5 4.5 fm 1.2 1.2 D-5 9 4 60 3.9 0.8 sp+ot 3.1 D-6 7 2 75 3.7 2.4 fm 1.3 D-7 11 3 52 3.3 1.6 fm 1.6 D-8 6 2 54 2.1 1.8 fm 0.3 D-9 6 2 38 2.1 0.2 $ fm 1.9 D-10 14 6 65 2.1 1.6 0.5 D-11 9 4 75 1.8 1.4 fm 0.4 D-12 10 3 42 0.8 0.4 rel 2.9 2.4 D-13 6 3 50 0.3 0.3 fm 0.8 0.8 1 2F 3 4$ 5fm: fp: sp: sp+ot: usu:rel: 12 1 Bhalla, Sheila, ÒChanges in Acreage and Tenure Structure of Land Holdings in Haryana, 1962 72,Ó Economic and Political Weekly EPW, Review of Agriculture, Mar. 1977. 51 4 2000 ; A 2000 2 Nadkarni, M. V., ÒTenants from the Dominant Class: A Developing Contradiction in Land Reforms,Ó EPW, Dec. 1976; Grewal, S. S., and Rangi, P. S., ÒAn Analysis of Agrarian Structure in the Punjab,Ó Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics IJAE, Vol. 36, No. 4, Oct.Dec. 1981; Singh, Iqbal, ÒReverse Tenancy in Punjab Agriculture: Impact of Technological Change,Ó EPW, June 24, 1989. Gill, Sucha Singh, ÒChanging Land Relations in Punjab and Implications for Land Reforms,Ó EPW, 76 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
June 24, 1989; Sharma, H. R., Agrarian Relations in India, New Delhi, Har-Anand Publications, 1995; Government of India, Section 3, ÒSummary of findings,ó Sarvekshana, Vol. 20, No. 3, Jan.Mar. 1997; 3 Singh, op. cit., p. A-91; Bhalla, Sheila, ÒTenancy Today: New Factors in Determination of Mode and Level of Rent Payments for Agricultural Land,Ó EPW, Annual Number, May 1983, pp. 835 836 4 1990 5 NSS Sharma, op. cit., pp. 82 83 Gill, op. cit. 6 NSS 1982 82 NSS 0.2ha 0.2ha Government of India, Sarvekshana, Vol. 12, No. 1, July 1988, pp. 25 26 NSS NSS operational holdinghousehold operational holdingownership holding NSS Sawant, S. D., ÒDistribution of Land Holdings from the National Sample Survey,Ó IJAE, Vol. 45, No. 2, Apr.June 1990 66 61 62 71 72 NSS 71 72 91 92 91 12 % 10 % Vijayanunni, M., 1991 Census Handbook, Controller of Publications, Government of India, 1998, p. 46 7 NSS 1991 92 CD-ROM CD-ROM 2 CD-ROM 8 1991 Vijayanunni, op. cit., p. 46. 9 1990 94 Economic Adviser to Government of Punjab, Statistical Abstract of Punjab 1995, Chandigarh, 1996, p. 132. 10 11 Economic Adviser to Government of Punjab, Statistical Abstract of Punjab, Chandigarh, Various Issues. 12 NSS area operatedarea under seasonal croporchard and plantation fallowwater bodiespermanent pastures and other grazing land barren and waste 1982 91 92 95 % Government of India, Sarvekshana, Vol. 12, No. 1, July 1988, p. S-95., Sarvekshana, Vol. 20, No. 3, Jan.Mar. 1997, p. 155NSS NSS 13 1974 75 77
23 % Bhalla, G. S., and Chadha, G. K., Green Revolution and the Small Peasant: A Study of Income Distribution among Punjab Cultivators, New Delhi, Concept Publishing Company, 1983, p. 60. Chadha, G. K., The State and Rural Economic Transformation: The Case of Punjab 1950 85, New Delhi, Sage Publications, 1986, pp. 241 243 Shergill, H. S., ÒPhysiognomy and Anatomy of Growing, Decaying and Static Farms in Punjab,Ó EPW, Mar. 30, 1985, p. A-30 14 Bhalla and Chadha, op. cit., pp. 41, 66; 18 1999 10 88 15 1992 257 16 24 1 1980 ; 1975 50 17 1988 83 90 18 1981 82 5 87 6 3 70 74 1 83 84 2 94 11 6 19 6 4 20 6 21 1989 90 3 6ha 22 86 87 Acharya, S. S., and Agarwal, N. L., Agricultural Prices: Analysis and Policy, New Delhi, Oxford & IBH Publishing, 1994, pp. 291 362; Chopra, R. N., Food Policy in India: A Survey, New Delhi, Intellectual Publishing House, 1988, pp. 213 254; Sidhu, D. S., ÒSome Aspects of Agricultural Marketing and Pricing Policies in India,Ó IJAE, Vol. 45, No. 4, Oct.Dec. 1990 23 Gulati, Ashok, and Kalra, G. D., ÒFertiliser Subsidy: Issues Related to Equity and Efficiency,Ó EPW, Mar. 28, 1992, p. A-44. 24 7 Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the Cost of Cultivation of Principal Crops 90 % Government of India, Cost of Cultivation of Principal Crops in India, 1991, pp. 16, 62 63 25 Economic Adviser to Government of Punjab, Statistical Abstract of Punjab, Chandigarh, Various Issues. NSS NSS Government of India, Sarvekshana, Vol. 20, No. 3, Jan.Mar. 1997, p. 4; Government of India, Census of India 1991, Series-1, Paper-3 of 1991, Provisional Population Totals: Workers and Their Distribution, 1991, p. 5 1961 Ambannavar, Jaipal P., ÒComparability of 1971 and 1961 Census Economic Data,Ó in Bose, Ashish, et al., ed., Population Statistics in India, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing House, 1977, pp. 173 78 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001
178. 26 Economic Adviser to Government of Punjab, Statistical Abstract of Punjab, Chandigarh, Various Issues. 27 Sarap, Kailas, ÒLand Market Transactions in Rural Haryana,Ó EPW, Sept. 18, 1996 28 Chawla, J. S., ÒTrends in Fragmentation of Land Holdings in Punjab,Ó IJAE, Vol. 49, No. 3, July Sept. 1994 29 NSS 1991 92 5% 9 Government of India, Sarvekshana, Vol.19, No. 2, Oct.Dec. 1995, p. 229. 30 Gill, op. cit., pp. A-79 A-82; Chadha, op. cit., pp. 217 230 31 Ibid., pp. 221 222. 32 1971 72 82 91 92 not recorded82 91 92 82 1.72 %91 92 0.15 % 0.2 % 33 71 72 82 0.48 % 3.26 %91 92 0.2ha 34 Chadha, op. cit., p. 218; Gill, op. cit., p. A-79. 35 Chadha, op. cit., p. 224 225. 36 10 2 0.2 1ha 37 29 12 38 91 92 4.2 % 3 1 3 1 3 2 13 % Government of India, 48th National Sample Survey, CD-ROM Bhalla, ÒTenancy Today,Ó op. cit., pp. 835 837 39 29 C-7 40 1 1 D 16 D-13 0.8ha 16 1 41 A-6 70 42 B 79
43 108 1993 94 NSS 44 Vaidyanathan, A., ÒAgrarian Relations in the Context of New Agricultural Technology: An Issues Paper,Ó IJAE, Vol. 49, No. 3, July Sept. 1994, pp. 326 327 45 Bhalla, ÒTenancy Today,Ó op. cit., pp. 835 836. 46 Ibid. 80 Vol. 47, No. 3, July 2001