A Study of Postwar Japan s Defense Policy and Expenditure With a Focus on the Quantitative Limitations SANADA Naotaka 1950 1958 4 1 4 3 3 3 GNP 1 1 1970 GNP 1 3 1990 9 11 asymmetric threat symmetric threat 1957
GNP 1 GDP GDP 1967 GNP 1 1976 11 GNP 1 1986 12 1 Central Intelligence Agency CIA The World FactbookGDP 149 0.8 GNP 1 1 10 1 1967 GNP 1 GNP 1 GNP GDP AD GNP GDP D/A 2010 4 6826 GDP 0.985 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute: SIPRI SIPRI Yearbook 2010 6 510
1 2 1950 7 GNP 1 1950 GNP 1960 10 1972 7GNP 1961 1.2 1958 1 1958 1960 2 1962 1966 3 1967 1971 4 1972 1976 2 21 1970 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 GNP % 2.78 1.67 1.78 1.78 1.73 1.46 1.45 1.45 % 20.76 13.01 13.96 13.61 13.81 12.61 11.31 10.99 22 2010 345-348 GNP 1
1970 4 1 1976 10 53 1980 1984 56 1983 1987 2 3 1 1950 GNP 1 1967 1 1987 3 1 1 1 1987 1988 1989 3 1.0041.0131.006 1 1 GNP 1 1976 11 GNP 11970 1 1971 7 Henry Kissinger Richard Nixon 1 1972 2 3 1 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 1: SALT the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe: CSCE 1975 8 1 1 2 2 1970 11 4 1971 2 KB GNP 1
1 4 1972 10 4 4 1973 1 18 1 2 1 GNP 1 2
1970 2 4 1973 4 5 4 1975 4 7 6 20 6 GNP GNP 1 2 1975 10 29 GNP 1976 8 9 GNP 1 3 10 1 1976 10 11 2 10 29 4 1 1 11 5
GNP 1 GNP 1 1967 GNP 1 GNP 1 GNP 1 GNP 1 1977 8 1978 7 11 GNP 11977 11 GNP 1 1 1979 12 11978 12 1979 5 1979 12 1
GNP 1 1980 3 1 1 4 8 3 GNP 1 4 23 1 5 GNP 6 12 GNP 1 1980 9 11 1 9.7 7.6 9.7 1981 1 Ronald Reagan 5 10 56 GNP 1 1 56 GNP 1 7 23 56 16 GNP 1
1982 11 12 1983 1 GNP 11984 1 Gaston Joseph Sigur, Jr. 1 8 12 18 1 3 1 28 3 1 1985 6 59 1 8 27 1 1 6 59 9 5 5 1 1986 0.993 1 1986 7 300
1 12 28 GNP 1.004 1987 1 24 GNP 1 1 GNP 1 2010 GNP 1 3 1 1 1 1 GNP 1 1 1970 1967 GNP 1
1987 GNP 1.004GNP 1 1976 10 1967 1 1988 1.013 1989 1.006 3 GNP 1 1990 1 11 GNP 1 1 GNP GDP 2 GNP 34 7 1985 7 68 3 2008 6 24 2010 8 27 CEO 3 http://www.kantei. go.jp/jp/singi/anzenhosyou/houkokusho.pdf 2010 11 15 http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/shin-ampobouei2010/houkokusyo.pdf 2010 11 7 4 22 2010 113 5 101 20 1984 11 9 6 Kenneth B. Pyle, Japan Rising: The Resurgence of Japanese Power and Purpose, Public Affairs, 2007, p.368. 7 United States Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review Report, February 2010 http://www.defense.gov/qdr/images/qdr_as_of_12feb10_1000.pdf 2010 11 6 2010 3 4 2010 3 5 2007 147-149 8 CIA 2006 CIA, The World Factbookhttps://www. cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html 2010 11 2 9 GNP 1 1986 1982 1991
1998 Takao Sebata, Japan s Defense Policy and Bureaucratic Politics, 1976-2007, University Press of America, 2010. 10393 1994 1950-1985 55 3 2005 12 1992 2 1972 11 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, Oxford University Press, 2010. International Institute for Strategic Studies: IISS The Military Balance 2010 World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers WMEAT 2005 International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 2010, Routledge, 2010, United States Department of State, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 2005 http://www.state.gov/documents/ organization/121776.pdf 2010 11 5 12 1999 153-157 13 GNP 1 GNP 1 190 1991 3 46-52 14 22 2010 345-349 15 43 4 1963 2 20 51 3 1965 12 23 59 8 1968 11 12 162003 154 2008 12 1989 17 21 12 1972 12 18KB http:// www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/ 2010 11 22 19GNP 1 154 20 1972 10 6 21 7 8 10 9 4 268 304 C.O.E. 2003 45 22 C.O.E.
2004 244 23 1972 5 6 24 1973 1 25 25145 26 22 3 1973 3 75 27160-166 28 1976 10 1985 11 18 29 124 30 1973 11 20 72 28 1974 5 10 311975 32 148-149 33 25 1 1976 1 78-81 34 C.O.E. 2003 280 1996 4 14 NSA OHP http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/japan/maruyama.pdf 2010 10 17 35 150-152 362 GNP 1 37 82 9 1977 11 4 38 1979 5 2 http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~worldjpn/ 2010 11 22 39 1980 1 91 2 1980 1 25 40 91 12 1980 3 25 41 132 42 1980 4 9 1991 148 43 1980 4 23 2006 33 44 1980 4 28 1980 5 2 45 1983 64 46 93 7 1980 11 4 47 2001 385 48 1981 1983 5 1984 90-94 5 1980 1999 192 491981 5 8 1945-97 1999 1003-1009
50 Kenneth L. Adelman, Japan s Security Dilemma: An American View, Survival, March/April, 1981. 51 96 12 1982 7 6 5220 1 38 1995 207 413-414 53 1996 249-250 84 2002 9 54 2004 166-167 55GNP 1GNP 1 1988 56 1998 182-184 57 W 1995 223-227 58 Samuel P. Huntington, The Common Defense, Columbia University Press, 1966, p.5. 59 2 36 4 12 2003 137 Peter J. Katzenstein, and Nobuo Okawara, Japan National Security: Structures, Norms and Policies, International Security, Vol.17, No.4, Spring 1993. 6083 61 1985 116-123 183 2009 281