ストレス科学研究32巻

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1 [ 原著 ] 東日本大震災被災生徒の抑うつと生活支障度の関連仲座舞姫 1), 伊藤大輔 2), 小関俊祐 3), 大谷哲弘 4) 5), 鈴木伸一 1) 琉球大学大学院人文社会科学研究科 2) 琉球大学法文学部 3) 桜美林大学心理教育学系 4) 岩手大学大学院教育学研究科 5) 早稲田大学人間科学学術院キーワード : 東日本大震災, 青年期, 抑うつ, 認知行動的要因, 生活支障度 ( ストレス科学研究 2017, 32, 41-49) Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine depression and social disability among Japanese high school students who experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake and tested if cognitive behavioral factors were related to depression and social disability. Two hundred and five students (160 female, M age = 16.2 years, SD = 0.4) who experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake were administered the Impact of Event Scale Revised, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, Sheehan Disability Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Revised, Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale, and Environmental Reward Observation Scale(EROS). More participants had depression than post-traumatic stress disorder(ptsd) symptoms. Partial correlation analysis found that depression was positively correlated with social disability. Multiple regression analysis found that, regarding cognitive factors, negative evaluation of the future was positively correlated with depression and social disability, whereas positive thinking was negatively correlated with depression. Regarding behavioral factors, avoidance/rumination and social impairment were positively correlated with depression, school impairment was positively correlated with social disability, whereas EROS was negatively correlated with depression and social disability. These findings suggest that interventions to reduce depression are necessary after natural disasters. Specifically, interventions should target cognitive behavioral factors to reduce depression and improvement of social disability. Keywords: Great East Japan Earthquake, Japanese adolescents, depression, cognitive behavioral factors, social disability Relation to depression and social disability in Japanese high school students who experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake Maki Nakaza 1), Daisuke Ito 2), Shunsuke Koseki 3), Tetsuhiro Ohtani 4), Shin-ichi Suzuki 5) 1) Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of the Ryukyus 2) University of the Ryukyus 3) J. F. Oberlin University 4) Faculity of Education and Graduate School of Education, Iwate University 5) Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University Received March 2, 2017, Accepted May 19, 2017 J-STAGE Advance publication date: June 28, 2017, doi.org/ /stresskagakukenkyu

2 1. 問題と目的 ,894 2, % post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD 12.7% 2 PTSD PTSD 5 PTSD EMDR Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing 6 Ito, Koseki, & Ohtani PTSD PTSD PTSD PTSD 10 PTSD PTSD QOL

3 Vol Stark Clarke et al PTSD PTSD 2. 方法 2.1 研究デザイン 2.2 調査対象者調査期間調査方法 a 5 b c d e a b c d e 43

4 2.5 調査材料 Kendall, Howard, & Hays Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Revised ATQ- R α =.88 Joiner et al α =.70 ATQ-R Kanter, Mulick, Busch, Berlin, & Martell The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale BADS BADS-Total α =.78 BADS BADS BADS Armento & Hopko Environmental Reward Observation Scale EROS 30 EROS α = Weiss & Marmar Impact of Event Scale-Revised IES-R 32 IES-R IES-R-Total α = PTSD Radloff the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale CES-D 34 CES-D SDS HRSD Sheehan Sheehan Disability Scale SDISS 36 SDISS α =.84 GAF 44

5 Vol 分析方法 SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science 3. 結果 M = 16.2 SD = 0.4 PTSD Table 1 IES-R CES-D IES-R 4 1.9% CES-D % χ 2 CES-D IES-R χ 2 = , df = 2, p <.001 PTSD Table 2 PTSD CES-D IES-R SDISS r =.21, p <.01 IES-R CES-D SDISS r =.52, p <.01 CES-D SDISS IES-R SDISS Z = 3.65, p <.01 ATQ-R BADS EROS Table 1 M SD ATQ-R BADS EROS IES-R PTSD CES-D SDISS ATQ-R = Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Revised, BADS = The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale, EROS = Environmental Reward observation Scale, IES- R = Impact of Event Scale-Revised, CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, SDISS = Sheehan Disability Scale. Table 2 SDISS IES-R.21 ** CES-D.52 ** IES-R = Impact of Event Scale-Revised, CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, SDISS = Sheehan Disability Scale. ** p <.01 Table 3 CES-D SDISS β β ATQ-R.38 **.35 * **.09 BADS * *.15 **.05 EROS.18 **.27 ** R 2.84 **.45 ** ATQ-R = Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire Revised, BADS = The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale, EROS = Environmental Reward observation Scale, IES- R = Impact of Event Scale-Revised, CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, SDISS = Sheehan Disability Scale. ** p <.01, * p <.05 45

6 CES-D SDISS Table 3 CES-D ATQ-R β =.38, p <.01 β =.28, p <.01 BADS β =.11, p <.05 β =.15 p <.01 EROS β =.18, p <.01 SDISS ATQ-R β =.35, p <.05 BADS β =.15, p <.05 EROS β =.27, p < 考察 PTSD PTSD PTSD IES-R 1.9% PTSD 19.3% 4 PTSD PTSD CES-D 35.1% 19.4% % 4 PTSD PTSD PTSD PTSD PTSD 2 PTSD PTSD QOL 38 PTSD

7 Vol PTSD

8 謝辞 JSPS JP16K13492 文献 1) ) 52, , ) Neria, Y., Nandi, A., & Galea, S., Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine 38, , ) ) Hsu, C. C., Chong, M. Y., Yang, P. C., et al., Posttraumatic stress disorder among adolescent earthquake victims in Taiwan. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 41, , ) Jaberghaderi, N., Greenwald, R., Rubin, A., et al., A comparison of CBT and EMDR for sexually-abused Iranian girls. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 11, , ) Ito, D., Koseki, S., & Ohtani, T., A Brief School-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Japanese Adolescents with Severe Posttraumatic Stress. Journal of Traumatic Stress 29, , ) 2 102, , ) 49, , ) 6 45, 51-61, ) Kessler, R. C., & Walters, E. E., Epidemiology of DSM- III-R major depression and minor depression among adolescents and young adults in the National Comorbidity Survey. Depress Anxiety 7, 3-14, ) Weissman, M. M., Wolk, S., Gaoldstein, R. B., et al., Depressed adolescents grown up. The Journal of the American Medical Association 281, , ) National Health and Medical Research Council., Depression in young people: clinical practice guidelines. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service., ) Bastiaansen, D., Koot, H. M., Ferdinand, R. F., et al., Quality of life in children with psychiatric disorders: Self, parent, and clinician report. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 43, , ) 59(8), 72-78, ) Rolfsnes, E. S., & Idsoe, T., School-Based Intervention Programs for PTSD Symptoms: A Review and Meta- Analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24, , ) , , ) 5 33, 45-57, ) 54, , ) 32, 31-44, ) Stark, K. D., Childhood depression: School-based intervention. New York: Guilford Press, ) 57, , ) Clarke, G. N., Hawkins, W., Murphy, M., et al., Targeted prevention of unipolar depressive disorder in an at-risk sample of high school adolescents: A randomized trial of a group cognitive intervention. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 34, , ) Kendall, P. C., Howard, B. L., & Hays, R. C., Self-referent speech and psychopathology: The balance of positive negative thinking. Cognitive Therapy and Research 3, 1-21, ) 7(1), 14-25, ) Joiner, T. E., Walker, R. L., Pettit, J. W., et al., Evidence- 48

9 Vol based assessment of depression in adults. Psychological Assessment 17, , ) Kanter, J. W., Mulick, P. S., Busch, A. M., et al., The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS): Psychometric properties and factor structure. Journal of Psychopathology Behavioral Assessment 29, , ) Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale BADS 6, 76-85, ) Armento, M. E., & Hopko, D. R., The Environmental Reward Observation Scale (EROS) development, validity, and reliability. Behavior Therapy 38, , ) Environmental Reward Observation Scale EROS 37, 21-31, ) Weiss, D. S., & Marmar, C. R., The Impact of Event Scale-Revised. In J. P. Wilson, & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD: A Practitioner s Handbook (pp ). New York: Guilford Press ) Asukai, N., Kato, H., Kawamura, N., et al., Reliability and validity of the Japanese language version of the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R-J): Four studies on different traumatic events. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 190, , ) Radloff, L. S., The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement 1, , ) 27, , ) Sheehan, D. V., The anxiety disease. New York: Scribner ) Sheehan Disability Scale SDISS 7, , ) 54, , ) Inoue, A., Takahashi, M., Nakajima, K., et al., Association of Communication Skills of Medical Students with their Quality of Life and Depressive Mood. Japanese Society of Psychosomatic Medicine 48, , ) 4(3), , ) American Psychiatric Association., Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder, 5th ed., (DSM-5). Washington, D. C DSM-5 41) 53, , ) Ferster, C. B., A functional analysis of depression. American Psychologist 28, , ) Lewinsohn, P. M., & Amenson, C. S., Some relations between pleasant and unpleasant mood-related events and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87, , ) 38, ,

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