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2017 11 9 1 / 24

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Solow, 1957 total factor productivity; TFP 5% 経済成長率の要因分解 4% 3% 2.68% 2.51% 2% 1% 0% 1.63% 1.50% 0.34% 0.42% 0.55% 0.97% 1.14% 0.86% 0.13% -0.59% -0.59% -0.09% 0.01% -1% 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 2000-10 2010-12 労働投入増加の寄与資本投入増加の寄与 TFP( 生産性 ) の寄与 GDP 成長率 JIP2015 3 / 24

TFP 4 / 24

knowledge capital knowledge capital 1 (cf. Pakes & Griliches, 1984; Griliches, 1990) Pakes & Griliches (1984) 1 5 / 24

1. Griliches & Lichtenberg, 1984 2. Scherer,1965 6 / 24

(invention) 7 / 24

8 / 24

IIP 2 NISTEP International Patent Classification; IPC 3 2 Institute of Intellectual Property 3 A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. 9 / 24

Frequency 1 5 50 500 5 10 50 100 500 5000 Patent 10 / 24

(Lanjouw et al., 1998) 1. 2. Kogan et al. (2017, QJE) 11 / 24

Hall et al. 2005 Hsu et al. 2014 Kogan et al., 2017 12 / 24

2000 Frequency 1 100 10000 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 Citation 13 / 24

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 化学工業 業務用機械器具製造業 電気機械器具製造業 情報通信機械器具製造業 輸送用機械器具製造業 Figure: 14 / 24

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 R&D (2016) 90 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Figure: 15 / 24

Frequency 0 20 40 60 80 100 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Growth Rate Figure: 16 / 24

Yasuda (2005) R&D Coad & Rao (2008) R&D innovativeness innovativeness 4 5 4 Bottazzi et al. (2001) 5 Freel and Robson (2004) 17 / 24

Greenhalgh & Longland, 2005) Barczak, 1995; Roberts, 1999 18 / 24

, 2009 19 / 24

20 / 24

21 / 24

I [1] NISTEP URL: http://www.nistep.go.jp/research/scisip/data-and-information-infrastructure [2] (2016) Transactions of the Academic Association for Organizational Science,5(2), 26-32. [3] (2009), 251-288. [4] Barczak, G. (1995) New product strategy, structure, process, and perfomance in the telecommunications industry. Journal of product innovation management, 12(3), 224 234 [5] Bottazzi, G., G. Dosi, M. Lippi, F. Pammolli and M.Riccaboni (2001) Innovation and corporate growth in the evolution of the drug industry. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 19(7), 1161 1187. [6] Coad, A., and R. Rao (2008) Innovation and Firm Growth in High-tech Sectors: A Quantile Regression Approach. Research Policy, 37(4), 633-648. [7] Freel, M.S. and P.J.A. Robson (2004) Small firm innovation, growth and performance: Evidence from Scotland and Northern England. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 22(6), 561 575. [8] Greenhalgh, C. and M. Longland (2005) Running to stand still? - The Value of R&D. Patents and Trad Marks in Innovating Manufacturing Firms. International Journal of the Economics of Business 12(3), 307 328. 22 / 24

II [9] Griliches, Z. (1990) Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 28(4), 1661-1707. [10] Griliches, Z. and F.R. Lichtenberg (1984) R&D and Productiviry Growth at the Industry Level: Is There Still a Relationship? in Griliches, Z. (Ed.) R&D, Patents, and Productivity, University of Chicago Press, 465-502. [11] Hall, B.H.m A. Jaffe and M. Trajtenberg (2005) Market Value and Patent Citations. RAND Journal of Economics, 36(1), 16 38. [12] Hsu, P.H., X. Tian, and Y. Xu (2014) Financial Development and Innovation: Cross-country Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 112(1), 116-135. [13] Kogan, L., D. Papanikolaou, A. Seru, and N. Stoffman (2017) Technological Innovation, Resource Allocation, and Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(2), 665-712. [14] Lanjouw, j.o,, A. Pakes and J. Putnam (1998) How to Count Patents and Value Intellectual Property: The Uses of Patent Renewal and Application Data. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 46(4), 405-432. [15] Pakes, A., and Z. Griliches (1984) Patents and R&D at the firm level: a first look, in Griliches, Z. (Ed.) R&D, Patents, and Productivity, University of Chicago Press, 55-72. [16] Roberts, P.W. (1999) Product Innovation, Product-Market Competition and Persistent Profitability in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry. Strategic Management Journal, 20(7), 655 670. 23 / 24

III [17] Schmookler, J. (1966) Invention and economic growth. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. [18] Scherer, F.M. (1965) Corporate inventive output, profits, and growth. Journal of Political Economy, 73(3), 290 297. [19] Solow, R.M. (1957) Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39(3), 312-320. [20] Yasuda. T. (2005) Firm growth, size, age and behavior in Japanese manufacturing Small Business Economics, 25(1), 1-15. 24 / 24