Λ (Λ ) Λ (Ge) Hyperball γ ΛN J-PARC Λ dead time J-PARC flash ADC 1 dead time ( ) 1 µsec 3

19

Λ (Λ ) Λ (Ge) Hyperball γ ΛN J-PARC Λ dead time J-PARC flash ADC 1 dead time ( ) 1 µsec 3

1 1 1.1 γ ΛN................. 1 1.2 KEK J-PARC................................ 2 1.2.1 J-PARC.................................... 2 1.2.2 Hyperball-J.................................. 3 1.3..................................... 4 2 5 2.1................................. 5 2.1.1.................................... 5 2.1.2................................. 6 2.1.3..................... 6 2.1.4.......................... 7 2.2.................................. 8 2.2.1................................. 8 2.2.2........................... 8 2.3.................................... 9 2.3.1................................. 9 2.3.2.................................... 9 3 10 3.1....................................... 10 3.1.1.............................. 10 3.1.2 Flash ADC........................... 12 3.1.3.......................... 14 3.2.................... 15 3.2.1 LNS................................ 15 3.2.2...................................... 19 3.2.3................................... 29 3.2.4..................................... 33 3.3................................. 34 3.3.1........................ 34 3.3.2...................................... 35 i

3.3.3................................... 52 3.3.4..................................... 59 4 60 62 A 63 B 64 ii

1.1 J-PARC ( )........................... 2 1.2 Hyperball-J ( )......................... 3 2.1............................... 5 2.2.......................... 6 2.3.................... 7 2.4................................. 8 2.5.................................. 9 3.1 STRUCK SIS3302 Flash ADC......................... 11 3.2......................... 13 3.3 ADMCA................................. 14 3.4 LNS.............................. 16 3.5 LNS........................... 16 3.6 LNS............................ 17 3.7 CRM.................. 19 3.8 Flash ADC....................... 21 3.9....................... 22 3.10........................ 23 3.11.............................. 24 3.12.................. 25 3.13 1................... 26 3.14 Reduced χ 2................ 27 3.15 reduced χ 2............... 28 3.16............................ 29 3.17....... 32 3.18........................... 34 3.19....................... 35 3.20....................... 36 3.21............................ 37 3.22.............................. 39 3.23 ADC-ADC ADC-TDC..... 40 3.24............ 41 iii

3.25..................... 42 3.26 reduced χ 2 ( )...... 43 3.27 reduced χ 2 ( ) 44 3.28 671 ( )......................................... 45 3.29................. 45 3.30........................ 46 3.31 reduced χ 2 ( )...... 47 3.32 reduced χ 2 ( ) 48 3.33 reduced χ 2 ( )... 49 3.34 reduced χ 2 ( )...... 50 3.35 reduced χ 2 ( ) 50 3.36 reduced χ 2 ( )... 51 3.37.. 52 3.38........................ 54 3.39 ( )..... 55 3.40.......................................... 56 3.41 ( )....................................... 57 3.42............ 58 A.1.................... 63 A.2.......................... 63 B.1 671........................ 64 iv

1.1 J-PARC.......................... 4 3.1 ADC 671............... 10 3.2 ADC 973U UHA............... 11 3.3 SIS3302 bit.............................. 12 3.4 Flash ADC 671....................... 12 3.5 ( )........... 20 3.6 ( )........... 30 3.7 1.33 MeV....................................... 53 3.8 1.33 MeV............................... 56 v

1 1.1 γ ΛN Λ S = 1 ( ) Λ Λ Λ Λ ΛN [1] 1970 (K, π ) (π +, K + ) 1.5 MeV(FWHM) 1 (e, e K + ) 0.3 MeV(FWHM) ΛN 2 10 100 kev γ Ge kev Ge Hyperball 1998 γ γ Λ ΛN p-shell ΛN [2] 1

1.2 KEK J-PARC 1.2.1 J-PARC J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) J-PARC 1.1 ( ) 50 GeV 10 MHz K 2 K γ E13 [3] p-shell Λ sd-shell Λ 4 ΛHe ΛN 1.1 J-PARC ( ) J-PARC 4 ( ) 50 GeV 10 MHz K 2 2

1.2.2 Hyperball-J J-PARC 10 MHz K Hyperball Hyperball-J Hyperball-J 1.2 4 3 [4] [5] Ge photo peak efficiency 1.5 Ge 85K BGO PWO Flash ADC (dead time) Ge crystal PWO counter 1.2 Hyperball-J ( ) Hyperball-J 60 % N Ge 32 ( ) Ge PWO Geant4 1 MeV γ 6% photo-peak efficiency Beam Mechanical cooler 3

1.3 Hyperball 1.1 KEK Hyperball-J J-PARC γ Ge Hyperball-J Ge Hyperball-J Ge dead time 1) 1.1 J-PARC KEK K K6 (KEK) K1.8 (J-PARC) π + K 2 MHz 10 MHz( ) Ge 50 khz 250 khz Energy deposit rate 0.5 TeV/s 2.5 TeV/s 50 % 100 % 1) 4

2 2.1 2.1.1 Ge ( 10 10 /cm 3 ) 2.1 NaI Ge Ge Si 100 K 2.1 P N 1 ( ) 5

2.1.2 Hyperball-J Ge Hyperball 7 cm ϕ 7 cm l N N Ge N [6] 1) 0.4 µsec Ge 2.1.3 Hyperball-J Ge Hyperball energy deposit 2.2 1 1 GeV Ge 10 MeV γ MeV [7] energy deposit rate Ge 2.2 Ge 1) 10 5 m/s 6

2.1.4 Ge (2 kev) ( 2 ) 2) γ γ 2.3 S N (peak significance) = S N+S S N (N S) (2.1) σ S S = 2πσ 2 H (2.2) H (S+N) 2 2 σ 2 2 ( ) Ge S N 2.3 2 kev γ S( ) N( ) ( ) 2) Hyperball (KEK E566) 4 kev 7

2.2 2.2.1 Hyperball 2.4 1 1 ADC ORTEC 973U Urtra High-rate Amp. (UHA) UHA 0.5 µsec CR-RC Gated Integrator(GI) UHA Ge 2.4 ADC 2.2.2 10 µsec ADC dead time energy depodit rate dead time 8

2.3 2.3.1 2.5 Flash ADC Hyperball Ge energy deposit rate Flash ADC 3) 973U UHA Gated Integrator CR-RC Flash ADC µsec 1 MHz 2.5 Flash ADC Ge 2.3.2 ADC Flash ADC 3) bit 19 bit 9

3 3.1 3.1.1 ORTEC 671 CR-RC 0.5 10 µsec CR-RC ORTEC Ge (G14) ADC 671 3.1 (FWHM) 60 Co 1.33 MeV 1 MeV γ γ γ 10 1 dead time 3.1 ADC 671 [µsec] 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 6.0 10 FWHM [kev] 11.4 4.0 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 γ [µsec] 3.0 5.3 11 16 32 49 [µsec] 7.0 11 19 27 53 83 [khz] 333 189 91 63 31 20 10

973U UHA 3.2 UHA Gated Intergrator ( ) 3.2 ADC 973U UHA Gated Integrator [µsec] 1.5 3.0 FWHM [kev] 4.7 3.3 γ [µsec] 1.5 3.0 [µsec] 6.0 8.0 [khz] 667 333 Flash ADC Flash ADC STRUCK SIS3302, 3.1 VME 100 MHz 16 bit Flash ADC Flash ADC Flash ADC 3.1 STRUCK SIS3302 Flash ADC SIS3302 8 16 bit (13 bit ) 100 MHz VME Flash ADC 32 M 5 V ( 5 V + 5 V ) 11

3.1.2 Flash ADC bit SIS3302 ADC 16 bit 16 bit ADC Flash ADC bit 3.3 bit RMS 13 bit 13 bit ADC 5 V/2 MeV 0.24 kev Ge 3.3 SIS3302 bit 5 V 65536 ch (16 bit) RMS ± 3 ch bit ( bit ) 13 bit ch 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RMS [ch] 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.0 mv 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.24 0.21 0.23 0.23 ADC Ge 671 100 MHz (PHADC ) ADC SIS3302 ADC 60 Co 1.33 MeV 3.4 3.1 SIS3302 PHADC ADC 3.4 Flash ADC 671 [µsec] 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 6.0 10 FWHM [kev] 11.5 4.1 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.4 12

ADC 60 Co 100 MHz Flash ADC 1 50 MHz ( 3.2) 20 MHz FWHM [kev] 20 10 Shaping Time [µsec] 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 6.0 10.0 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Sampling Frequency [MHz] 3.2 µ 1 MHz 1 13

3.1.3 Ge Amptek ADMCA ADC (MCA8000A) WEB [8] ADMCA 3.3 ADMCA FWHM Ge FWHM ADMCA ADMCA 10000 0.1 kev 0.1 kev 3.3 ADMCA FWHM 14

3.2 CR-RC 3.2.1 LNS energy deposit rate 2007 2 (LNS) Ge 2 khz KEK 4 energy deposit rate 60 Co γ Ge energy deposit K π + LNS (MIP) Ge 2 150000 (2.2 Gbyte) 3.4 LNS 3 1 200 MeV 2 STB 1.2 GeV γ GeV γ 3 GeV γ RTAGX γ 30 850 MeV 1 % 3 khz 3.5 Ge energy deposit rate Ge 60 Co Co 60 Co 1) β 60 Co γ 60 Co 20 kbq 100 Hz 2) γ 1) β ( 60 Co 60 Ni ) γ ( 60 Ni 60 Ni) 2) β 15

3.4 LNS 1 200 MeV 1.2 GeV 2 γ 3 GeV γ RTAGX 30 3.5 LNS Ge Ge Ge Ge 60 Co β β γ 16

3.6 Ge 2 1 ORTEC 671 3.1.1 3.1 2 µsec 1 ORTEC 579 Timing Filter Amp. (TFA) 671 2 Flash ADC (SIS3302 100 MHz) ADC (AD413A) 3.1.3 ADC Flash ADC Flash ADC TFA Constant Fraction Discriminator (CFD) CFD (Constant Fraction) CFD (gamma ) 1 1 Time-to-Amplitude Converter (TAC) TAC AD413A Co discriminator (beta ) beta ADC 3.6 LNS 2 µsec 671 2 Flash ADC ADC TAC 60 Co γ Ge CFD Co 3 70 µsec 60 Co γ 17

gamma beta ( 3) ) Ge 60 Co γ 671 Flash ADC TAC γ 10 20 Hz 70 µsec 2 khz (1 s 140 msec ) 100 Hz (10 msec ) β, γ Co 70 µsec 2 khz 100 Hz 14 Hz (3.1) Flash ADC 1 DAQ dead time 4) DAQ dead time 3) Ge 4) 1 SIS3302 PC DAQ 30 Hz dead time 18

3.2.2 Ge energy deposit 3.7 671 CRM (Count Rate Meter) 5) 2 3 khz Ge Ge CRM Co γ CRM 10 khz Co 20 kbq 3.5 MIP ( ) Ge MIP 1 energy deposit 50 MeV 6) Ge threshold 175 MeV 50 MeV energy deposit 3 khz energy deposit rate 0.2 TeV/s KEK 4 Counting rate [khz] 20 15 10 671 CRM Beam Monitor Preamp Reset 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 Time [hour] 3.7 CRM 671 discriminator CRM Ge Ge Ge Ge 5) 671 discriminator 6) 1.37 MeV/g cm 2 ( ) 5.323 g/cm 3 (Ge ) 7 cm( ) 19

ADC (AD413A) 60 Co 1.33 MeV 3.5 3.1.4 0.1 kev 2 µsec 2.7 kev 7) 0-10 µsec TAC 200 µsec 671 AD413A 200 µsec 1 Flash ADC 3.5 ( ) [µsec] 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-66 FWHM [kev] 6.9 4.7 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.9 2.7 [%] 39 57 66 64 69 69 100 7) 100 % Ge 20

Flash ADC Flash ADC 3.8 (13 bit) 8) 1 8192 160 µsec γ Flash ADC 5 V 671 Voltage [0.61 mv/ch] 8000 6000 Beam pulse Reset pulse Gamma-ray pulse 4000 Beseline 2000 0 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 Time [20 ns/ch] 3.8 Flash ADC 20 nsec 160 µsec 671 γ 3.9 8) 3 bit 2 3 = 8 21

3.9 χ 2 22

flash ADC 1 3.10 3 flash ADC 1 1 2 3 4 1 84 % 1 Event Counts Overflow Counts 3.10 1 (8192 ) Flash ADC 3 1 23

Flash ADC TAC 671 flash ADC TAC 9) 3.11 0.1 1375 1750 Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] normal waveform Diff. Coefficient [ 0. 61 mv / 0. 05 ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] differential waveform Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 3.11 671 9) 4 ch 4 ch 0.05 0.05 1ch(20 nsec) 0.61 mv 24

3.12 300 0.24 kev/ch (2 MeV/13 bit) 80 kev (300 ch), 140 µsec 3.12 671 300 671 140 µsec 13 bit Ge Ge 671 flash ADC Y 25

RMS 2.0 ch (0.5 kev) 10) 3.1.1 671 1 3.13 20 1 2000 (40 µsec) reduced χ 2 1 Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Residual Error [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 3.13 1 20 1 10) 16 bit 11 bit 26

reduced χ 2 3.14 1 reduced χ 2 χ 2 1 ( ) χ 2 χ 2 3.15 χ 2 χ 2 1000 (20 µsec) 3.13 µsec 1000 χ 2 2 2 7 3.14 Reduced χ 2 χ 2 χ 2 χ 2 3.15 27

Counts 1 Cut Region [points] 500-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 2000-2500 2500-3000 -1 10-2 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 Reduced Chi-square 3.15 reduced χ 2 3.14 χ 2 χ 2 1000 (20 µsec) 28

3.2.3 3.16 3.12 11) χ 2 2 1 3.16 3.12 PHADC 60 Co 1.33 MeV 3.6 3.5 11) 29

30 µsec 1 30 µsec 671 2 µsec dead time 30 µsec 973U UHA ( 0.5 µsec + Gated Integrator) 20 µsec dead time dead time 671 (2 µsec) 973U UHA (0.5 µsec) ( ) 671 dead time 973U UHA energy deposit rate dead time 3.6 ( ) [µsec] 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-66 FWHM [kev] 5.8 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 [%] 47 82 93 93 96 100 100 7 1. 1000 (20 µsec ) 1 12) 2. Reduced χ 2 (χ 2 < 2) 2 1 12) ( ) 30

Ge p [sec] f [Hz] f [Hz] 1 sec f f s flash ADC i 1 n n = f i f s (3.2) b n f s p i b = i nf s p (3.3) f s p b = 1000 1 n n n max i 1000 f s p (3.4) f n p f s i 1000 P (f) P (f) = k=n max +1 n k k! e n (3.5) 1000 P (f) P (f) = n max k=0 n k k! e n = 1 P (f) (3.6) 3.17 f P (f) 13 µsec 13) 50 MHz 8000 70 khz 13) 2 µsec 671 31

Probability 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 50 100 150 Counting Rate [khz] 3.17 (Counting Rate) 1000 50 MHz flash ADC 13 µsec 8000 Ge 70 khz energy deposit rate 1.1 KEK Ge energy deposit rate 70 khz energy deposit rate 0.7 TeV/s threshold 175 MeV 0.7 Tev/s 175 MeV = 4 khz (3.7) 973U UHA( dead time 20 µsec) dead time 20 µsec 4 khz = 0.08 [ 8 % ] (3.8) 671 ( dead time 200 µsec) 200 µsec 4 khz = 0.8 [ 80 % ] (3.9) 671 ( dead time 30 µsec) 2 30 µsec 4 khz 2 = 0.24 [ 24 % ] (3.10) 32

4 1 dead time (973U UHA) (671 ) dead time 3.2.4 2µsec 671 dead time 973U UHA 1.2 14) J-PARC energy deposit rate 14) 2.9 kev/2.4 kev ( 6 µsec ) @ 60 Co 1.33 MeV 33

3.3 671 CR-RC 2 3.3.1 flash ADC 6 3.18 671 973U UHA 15) 671 973U UHA UHA 671 UHA flash ADC 370 kbq 60 Co 3.18 2 flash ADC 2 671 973U UHA 2 flash ADC Flash ADC 2 (671 973U ) 671 973U UHA 973U 671 671 15) 34

3.3.2 Flash ADC 3.19 Flash ADC 671 (671 ) 973U UHA (973U ) 671 2 µsec UHA Gated Integrator 3.0 µsec 973U UHA 671 16 bit Ge 671 UHA UHA 671 UHA gated integration 2 671 Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Voltage [ 0. 076 mv / ch ] preamp Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 973U UHA Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 671 amp Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Voltage [ 0. 076 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 3.19 671 973U 973U UHA 671 2 6 µsec 2 µsec 35

671 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 671 671 3.20 3.20 671 671 χ 2 36

( ) ( ) 1 1 671 CRM 60 Co 1.33 MeV 1000 1 1 3.21 2 µsec Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Height Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 3.21 2 µsec 671 1000 1 1 37

671 1000 1 1 (1 kev ) 1 30 µsec (1440 ) 3.1 ( 2 µsec) 1.33 MeV γ 1 kev ( ) 1.33 MeV γ 1 kev ( ) ( ) ( ) sumb suma = n data[i] i n data[i + g] (3.11) i n g (gap) 3.22 (suma, sumb) threshold UHA threshold 16) threshold (1 st ) 8 2 threshold (2 nd ) 16) threshold 38

Voltage [ 0. 076 mv / ch ] sumb gap suma Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Voltage [ 0. 076 mv / ch ] st 1 threshold nd 2 threshold sumb-suma Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 3.22 (suma, sumb) gap 2 threshold( 8 ) 2 thresould 8 threshold 2 threshold 671 671 3.23 671 1 671 CRM g = 15, n = 20 (FWHM) 60 Co 1.33 MeV 40 kev (FWHM) flash ADC 3.23 671 CRM 17) (FWHM) 120 nsec 18) 6 17) Flash ADC 18) Ge 10 nsec 39

3.23 ADC-ADC ADC-TDC 671 1 671 671 FWHM 120 nsec ( ) 3.24 60 Co 1.33 MeV Gap Size ( g) 15 (300 ns) g (n) g = 15, n = 20 300 ns 300 ns 19) 1 µsec 19) 2 40

FWHM [kev] 2 10 Gap Size [ch] 5 8 10 15 20 40 40 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Smoothing Size [ch] 3.24 2 g = 15, n = 20 1 3.2 3.25 671 threshold 50 kev flash ADC 40 kev 50 kev 50 kev 50 kev 50 kev χ 2 41

Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] P ulse Height [ 0. 076 mv / ch ] T Ltotal -T T T 2 1 3-2 Ltemplate Time[ 20 ns/ ch] P ulse Position [ 20 ns/ ch] 3.25 671 ( ) 20) 3.25 L total n T n N N 1 L total = L template + (T i+1 T i ) (3.12) L template i=n 20) 42

( ) CRM 500 Hz (2 msec ) 1 1 160 µsec(8192 ) ( ) (3.12) N=1 (1440 30µsec) 3.26 reduced χ 2 ( ) χ 2 1 3.27 0.5 MeV reduced χ 2 χ 2 < 2 99% 1 1% 50 kev Reduced Chi-square 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 Energy [MeV] 3.26 reduced χ 2 ( ) 1 χ 2 1 43

Counts 1 Cut Region [MeV] 0-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-1.5 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reduced Chi-square 3.27 reduced χ 2 ( ) 3.26 0.5 MeV χ 2 3.28 671 60 Co 2 40 K 208 Tl flash ADC 3.29 671 21) χ 2 60 Co 2 208 Tl 22) 60 Co 1.33 MeV (FWHM) 2.8 ± 0.1 kev 3.1 ( 2 µsec) 21) 22) 1 60 kev 44

3.28 671 ( ) 1 Flash ADC Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Range limit of Flash ADC Residual Error [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 3.29 671 Flash ADC 20 1 reduced χ 2 1.7 45

3.18 671 Ge 1.4 khz ( ) ( ) 23) 3.30 6 µsec 2 µsec 20 1 2 reduced χ 2 1 Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Voltage [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Residual Error [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] Residual Error [ 0. 61 mv / ch ] Time [ 20 ns/ ch] 3.30 671 671 23) 46

χ 2 1 ( ) χ 2 1 χ 2 χ 2 χ 2 χ 2 1 1 24) χ 2 χ 2 3.31 reduced χ 2 χ 2 3.32 0.5 MeV reduced χ 2 3.26 Reduced Chi-square 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 Energy [MeV] 3.31 reduced χ 2 ( ) χ 2 24) 1 χ 2 47

Counts 1 Cut Region [MeV] 0-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-1.5 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reduced Chi-square 3.32 reduced χ 2 ( ) 3.31 0.5 MeV χ 2 χ 2 < 3 3.33 reduced χ 2 12 µsec 671 12 µsec 3.1 ( 2 µsec ) χ 2 3.32 χ 2 < 3 16 % 3.31 1 MeV 25) 25) 48

Reduced Chi-square 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 Interval of Pile-up Pulses [µsec] 3.33 reduced χ 2 ( ) χ 2 χ 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 26) 3.34 reduced χ 2 χ 2 3.35 0.5 MeV reduced χ 2 χ 2 3.36 reduced χ 2 3.32 χ 2 26) 49

Reduced Chi-square 4 3 2 1 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 Energy [MeV] 3.34 reduced χ 2 ( ) Counts 1 Cut Region [MeV] 0-0.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-1.5 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reduced Chi-square 3.35 reduced χ 2 ( ) 3.34 0.5 MeV χ 2 50

Reduced Chi-square 4 3 2 1 0 0 5 10 15 Interval of Pile-up Pulses [µsec] 3.36 reduced χ 2 ( ) 3.32 χ 2 3.35 χ 2 < 2 18 % χ 2 1 671 1 671 A 51

3.3.3 3.37 2 671 PHADC ( ) (FIT ) 973U UHA PHADC 40 K 1.46 MeV PHADC UHA 60 Co FIT 1.8 MeV Flash ADC 27) PHADC ADC ADC 28) Counts / 5 kev 4 10 3 10 Readout Method 671 PHADC 671 Pulse Fitting 973U UHA (3µsec) 2 10 10 1 0 1 2 3 Energy [MeV] 3.37 671 PHADC 973U UHA PHADC 27) UHA 671 28) 52

3.7 60 Co 1.33 MeV 1 973U UHA PHADC 973U UHA (Gated Integrator) 60 Co 671 PHADC FIT 3.7 1.33 MeV 973U gated integration time 3 µsec 671 2 µsec FWHM [kev] 973U UHA (PHADC ) 6.2 1 671 (PHADC ) 2.8 0.61 ± 0.01 671 (FIT ) 3.2 1.17 ± 0.02 2 f Hz T sec 2 P P = 1 exp ( ft ) (3.13) 1.4 khz 12 µsec (671 ) 2 1.67 % 12 µsec 2 100% 973U UHA 3 µsec 2 100 973U UHA ( 1 1 exp ( 1.4 [khz] 3 [µsec]) 1 exp ( 1.4 [khz] 12 [µsec]) ) 2 100 = 150 (3.14) 150 FIT 1 µsec 1 µsec 2 100 53

( 1 1 exp ( 1.4 [khz] 1 [µsec]) 1 exp ( 1.4 [khz] 12 [µsec]) ) 2 100 = 184 (3.15) 973U UHA FIT 1.2 FIT 1 µsec FIT 973U UHA 3 671 PHADC 2 671 5 µsec 5µsec 1 2 ADC 1 3.38 3.39 60 Co 1.33 MeV 29) 3.38 2 0.56 ± 0.05 kev 60 Co 1.33 MeV 2.7 kev 3.2 kev 29) 1 54

Counts / 1 kev 3 10 Pulse 2 10 Front Rear No Pileup 10 1 1.3 1.35 1.4 Energy [MeV] 3.39 ( ) 3.38 3.40 (PHADC ) 973U UHA (PHADC ) 3.37 30) 3.8 60 Co 1.33 MeV 3.7 FIT 30) FIT χ 2 55

3.8 1.33 MeV 973U gated integration time 3 µsec 671 2 µsec FWHM [kev] 973U UHA (PHADC ) 6.2 1 671 (PHADC ) 2.8 0.61 ± 0.01 671 (FIT ) 3.5 1.17 ± 0.02 Counts / 5 kev 4 10 3 10 Readout Method 671 PHADC 671 Pulse Fitting 973U UHA (3µsec) 2 10 10 1 0 1 2 3 Energy [MeV] 3.40 671 PHADC 973U UHA PHADC 3.41 60 Co 1.33 MeV 3.39 0.76 ± 0.05 kev 60 Co 1.33 MeV 3.2 kev 3.4 kev χ 2 56

χ 2 FIT 3.5 kev Counts / 1 kev 3 10 Pulse 2 10 Front Rear No Pileup 10 1 1.3 1.35 1.4 Energy [MeV] 3.41 ( ) 57

1 t 0 = 0 t P (t) t t + dt f f dt t + dt P (t + dt) t P (t) P (t + dt) = P (t)(1 f dt) (3.16) dp (t) dt = P (t) f P (t) = C exp ( ft) (C ) (3.17) P (t 0 ) = 1 C = 1 T P (f) P (f) = 1 exp ( ft ) (3.18) 3.42 T 0.5 10.0 µsec P (f) 1 µsec 300 khz dead time 2 Probability 0.8 1 Pulse Pair Resolution [µ sec] 10.0 3.0 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0-1 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 Counting Rate [khz] 3.42 58

3.3.4 1 µsec 2 µsec 671 3.2 kev 973U UHA 3 1 µsec 59

4 J-PARC Ge flash ADC 100 MHz ADC 16 bit flash ADC ORTEC 671 2 1. 2. 1. (LNS) 4 energy deposit rate Ge 1 dead time Ultra Highrate Amp 30 µsec (2 µsec) 2.9 kev UHA 2. FIT 2. Ge 60 Co γ ( ) flash ADC ( FIT ) 1 µsec 3 60

1 µsec J-PARC 1. FIT 2. FIT 3. 60 Co γ (1 MeV ) (50 MeV ) 4. 1 µsec 5. ( ) Ge 61

[1] Y. Yamamoto et al. Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl, Vol. 117, p. 361, 1994. [2] H. Tamura et al. Nucl. Phys, Vol. A754, p. 58c, 2005. [3] H. Tamura et al. Gamma-ray spectroscopy of light hypernuclei. J-PARC proposal E13, 2006. [4] K. Shirotori. Hypernuclear gamma-ray spectroscopy at J-PARC K1.8 beam line. Master s thesis, Tohoku University, 2006. [5] M. Mimori. γ. Master s thesis, Tohoku University, 2007. [6] J. Sasao. Master s thesis, Tohoku University, 2000. [7] K. Tanida. PhD thesis, Univ. of Tokyo, 2000. [8] http://www.amptek.com/mca8000a.html. 62

A CR-RC (CR ) 1) A.1 ADC ( ) A.2 ADC flash ADC A.1 A.2 1) R 0 V(t) dt = 0 63

B B.1 671 1000 2 µsec 50 MHz 25 MHz 8000 6.25 khz µsec 1 MHz 10 7 1 MHz 1000 1 Abs. Magnitude 4 10 3 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 Frequency [MHz] B.1 671 50 MHz 8000 (160 µsec) 1 MHz 10 3 64