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Blascovich, J., & Tomaka, J. 1991 Measures of self-esteem. In J. P. Robinson, P. R.Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes.

9 Blascovich, J., & Tomaka, J Measures of self-esteem. In J. P. Robinson, P. R.Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes. San Diego: Academic Press. Pp Compton, W. C., Smith, M. L., Cornish, K. A., & Qualls, D. L Factor structure of mental health measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M Human autonomy: The basis for true self-esteem. In M. H.

10 Kernis (Ed.), Efficacy, agency, and self -esteem. New York: Plenum. Pp Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, Callero (Eds.), The self -society dynamic. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Pp Gecas, V The self as a social force. In T. J. Owens, S. Stryker, & N. Goodman (Eds.), Extending self -esteem theory and research. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Pp Harter, S Authenticity. In C. R. Snyder & L. J. Shane (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology. London: Oxford University Press. Pp Harter, S., Waters, P. L., & Whitesell, N. R Lack of voice as a manifestation of false selfbehavior among adolescents : The school setting as a stage upon which the drama of authenticity is enacted. Educational Psychologist, 32, Heatherton, T. F., & Wyland, C. L Assessing self-esteem. In L. J. Shane & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: A handbook of models and measures. Washington, DC.: American Psychological Association. Pp Higgins, E. T., Klein, R., & Strauman, T Self-concept discrepancy : A psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety. Social 1994 Reexamination of the concept and measurement of self-esteem. Bulletin of the Faculty of Education, the University of Tokyo, 34, ) Kernis, M. H Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem. Psychological Inquiry, 14, Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D Optimizing well-being: The empirical encoun- ter of two traditions. Journal of Personality E. H Identity: youth and crisis. New and Social Psychology, 82, York: W. W. Norton.) Kiecolt, K. J Stress and the decision to Gecas, V The self-concept as a basis for a change oneself: A theoretical model. Social theory of motivation. In J. A. Howard & P. Psychology Quarterly, 57, iety and trait anxiety. Japanese Psychological Review, 23, ) McGregor, I., & Little, B. R Personal projects, happiness, and meaning : On doing well and being yourself. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, Mort C. C., & Rhodewalt, F Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic selfregulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, Mruk, C. J Self -esteem: Research, theory and practice. London : Springer Publishing Company Inc. life-styles and psychological well-being in adult women. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 48, ) 290. (Oshio, A Relationships among narcissistic personality, self-esteem, and friendship in adolescence. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 46, ) Radloff, L. S The CES-D Scale. A self-

11 report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, Rosenberg, M Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, Ryff, C. D Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Self-Evaluation Questionnaire). Palo Alto, California : Consulting Psychologists Press. Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, Sheldon, K. M., & Kasser, T Goals, congruence, and positive well-being: New empirical support for humanistic theories. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 41, Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R. M., Rawsthorne, L. J., & Ilardi, B Trait self and true self: Cross- role variation in the Big-Five personality traits and its relations with psychological authenticity and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, , (Shima, S., Shikano, T., Kitamura, T., & Asai, M New self-rating scales for depression. Clinical Psychiatry, 27, ) & Imaei, K Development of the Japanese edition of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for student use. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 29, Truax, C. B., & Carkhuff, R. R Toward effective counseling and psychotherapy: Training and practice. Chicago, IL: Aldine. Turner, R. H., & Billings, V The social contexts of self-feeling. In J. A. Howard & P. Callero (Eds.), The self-society dynamic. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Pp review of studies of the influence of intentionality on personality development with particular reference to the ego-ideal. Rikkyo Psychological Research, 45, ) S A dictionary of psychotherapy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.) Y Self-esteem and self-envisagement. Ritsumeikan Educational Project Studies, 3, ) 68. (Yamamoto, M., Matsui, Y., & Yamanari, Y The structure of perceived aspects

12 of self. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 30, ) Sense of Authenticity, Self-Esteem, and Subjective and Psychological Well-Being MASA VA ITO (DOCTORAL PROGRAM IN COMPREHENSIVE HUMAN SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA) AND MASAHIRO KODAII14 (INSTITUTE OF PSYCHOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF TSUKUBA) JAPANESE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2005, 53, Sense of authenticity (SOA) refers to one's sense of being true to one's core self. The purposes of the present study were to develop a Sense of Authenticity Scale (SOAS) and to investigate the effect of sense of authenticity on subjective and psychological well-being. The items for the Scale were developed in a pilot study. Undergraduate students (N = 335) completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, as well as the Sense of Authenticity Scale. The reliability and validity of the Sense of Authenticity Scale were verified through scale analysis. Also, scales on topics such as depression, trait anxiety, and satisfaction with life were administered as indicators of subjective well-being, and others on concepts such as personal growth, autonomy, purpose in life, and positive relations with others, as indicators of psychological well-being. The results from a covariance structure analysis showed that both sense of authenticity and self-esteem affected almost all the kinds of subjective well-being that were measured, whereas only the sense of authenticity affected most of the kinds of psychological well-being that were measured. In particular, sense of authenticity was associated with increased autonomy, whereas self-esteem was associated with decreased autonomy. Key Words: sense of authenticity, self-esteem, subjective well-being, psychological well-being, true self

Development of the Japanese version of the Purpose in Life scale and an investigation of its factors. Abstract This study aims to develop the Japanese

Development of the Japanese version of the Purpose in Life scale and an investigation of its factors. Abstract This study aims to develop the Japanese Title 人生における目的尺度作成とその規定因の検討 Author(s) 中原, 純 Citation 生老病死の行動科学. 13 P.45-P.52 Issue 2008 Date Text Version publisher URL http://doi.org/10.18910/12416 DOI 10.18910/12416 Rights Osaka