KATO, Hironori ONODA, Keiichi KIMATA, Masaki 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 2.1 Becker 1 26 DeSerpa 78 value of saving time Value of Travel Time Saving VTTS 2 Vol.9 No.2 26 Summer
2.2 9111 X T xt Pt i i c i i I T ˆt i i i t v 1 i 1 2 i v i 2 2.3 2 DeSerpax i 1 * 1 value of time as a resource 2 value of time as a commodity 1d i t* * 121314 15 Becker 1 16 Vol.9 No.2 26 Summer 3
Jiang and Morikawa 17 18 SP Hultkrantz and Mortazavi 19 2 SP Hensher 2 21 Jiang and Morikawa 17 3 DeSerpa 7 2 2 * * 3 3 2 3 3.1 * * 2 * * 1 1 4 Vol.9 No.2 26 Summer
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5.2.2 i.i.d. Multinomial Logit MNL 2 1 6 5.2.3 1 165.9 / 1 25d 2 2 3 25b 25c 6 1 2 2 1 6 1 4 2 1 4 3 1 6 1 c t c 2 c*t t 2 t 3 L L* x 2 3 2 t t.528 5.75***.576 6.18.527 5.67.164 6.8.876 26.4*** 3394.3 2259.8.334 3,.111 27.4.215 2.7 3394.3 2218.8.346 3,.164 8.2.13 9.13.294 5.53 3394.3 2164.1.362 3,.119 26.6.768 12.8.566 12.7.914 16.7 3394.3 259.3.393 3, 1 51 25 2 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vol.9 No.2 26 Summer 7
3 5 8 6 6 8 5.2.4 248.915 / 6 8 278.2219.4 8 / 3 7 25 2 15 1 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 15 1 5 1 8 6 4 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 25 2 15 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 Vol.9 No.2 26 Summer
37.6 /22 3 3 2 * 3 * 15 * 2 3 Vol.9 No.2 26 Summer 9
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1 c i ˆt i 2 c i ˆt i 2 3 5 A2 1 2425 31 2 11 3 1 Becker G. A Theory of the allocation of time The Economic Journal Vol.75 pp.493 517 1965 2 Johnson M. Travel time and the price of leisure Western Economic Journal No.4 pp.135 145 1966. 3 Oort O. The evaluation of traveling time Journal of Transport Economics and Policy Vol.3 pp.279 286 1969. 4 De Donnea F.X. Consumer behaviour transport mode choice and value of time some micro-economics models Regional and Urban Economics Vol.1 pp.355 382 1972. 5 Evans. A. On the theory of the valuation and allocation of time Scottish Journal of Political Economy Vol.19 pp.1 17 1972. 6 Jara-Diaz S.D. Allocation and valuation of travel-time savings Handbook of Transport Modelling eds. by Hensher D.A.and Button K.J. Elsevier Science Ltd pp.33 318 2. 7 DeSerpa A.C. A theory of the economics of time The Economic Journal Vol.81 pp.828 846 1971 8 DeSerpa A.C. Microeconomic theory and the valuation of travel time some clarification Regional and Urban Economics Vol.2 pp.41 41 1973. 9 Train K.and McFadden D. The goods/leisure tradeoff and disaggregate work trip mode choice models Transportation Research Vol.12 pp.349 353 1978 1 Truong T.P.and Hensher D.A. Measurement of travel times values and opportunity cost from a discrete-choice model The Economic Journal Vol.95 pp.438 451 1985. 11 Bates J.J. Measuring travel time values with a discrete choice model a note The Economic Journal Vol.97 pp.493 498 1987. 12 Wardman M. The value of travel time-a review of British evidence Journal of Transport Economics and Policy Vol.32 pp.285 316 1998. 13 Wardman M. A review of British evidence on time and service quality valuation Transportation Research Vol.37E pp.17 128 21. 14 Wardman M. Public transport values of time Transport Policy Vol.11 pp.363 377 24. 15 No.639 46 pp.53 64 2 16 3pp.26 63 A 338 23 17 Jiang M.and Morikawa T. Theoretical analysis on the variation of value of travel time savings Transportation Research Vol.38A pp.551 571 24. 18 Vol.19 No.3 pp.513 52 22. 19 Hultkrantz L.and Mortazavi R. Anomalies in the Value of Travel-time Changes Journal of Transport Economics and Policy Vol.35 pp.285 3 21. 2 Hensher D.A. Behavioral Value of Travel Time Savings in Personal and Commercial Automobile Travel The Full Costs and Benefits of Transportation ed.by Greene D.L. Jones D.W.and Delucchi M.A. Springer 1997. Vol.9 No.2 26 Summer 13
21 No.793/IV 68 pp.85 14 25 22 Blayac T.and Causse A Value of travel time a theoretical legitimization of some nonlinear representative utility in discrete choice models Transportation Research Vol.35B pp.391 4 21. 23 Small K. Project Evaluation Essays in Transportation Economics and Policy A Handbook in Honor of John R. Meyer eds. by Gomez-Ibanez J. A. Tye W.B.and Winston C. Washington D.C. Brookings Institution pp.137 177 1999. 24 221 2 2521. 26)Hess, S., Bierlaire, M. and Polak, J.W.:Estimating value-of-time using Mixed Logitmodels, Presented at 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., January, 25. 27 Sillano M.and Ortuzar J.de D. Willingness-to-pay estimation with mixed logit models some new evidence Environmental and Planning A Vol.37 pp.525 55 25. 28No.3 pp.64 69 2 29 64 1pp.27 35 24 3 Ben-Akiva M.and Lerman S. Discrete Choice Analysis Theory and Application to Travel Demand MIT Press 1985. 31 22 ON THE VALUE OF TRAVEL TIME SAVING OVER TRAVEL TIME: EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INTER URBAN TRAVEL FOR RECREATION By Hironori KATO Keiichi ONODA and Masaki KIMATA This study analyzes the variation of the Value of Travel Time Saving VTTS over travel time. First we formulate a time allocation model with the discrete choice theory. Next we derive the VTTS from an approximated indirect utility function. After a discussion on the properties of the variation of the VTTS over travel time we analyze the VTTS with the empirical data of modal choice of inter urban leisure travel of Japan. The empirical analysis shows the VTTS decreases as the travel time increases. Finally we discuss the reasons for the results of the empirical analysis Key Words : value of travel time saving, discrete choice model, inter-urban travel for recreation, mode choice behavior, non-linear utility function 14 Vol.9 No.2 26 Summer