conceptualizing capacity conceptual system Lakoff : r l grass glass rice lice right light r l this that, here there give give : - 2
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1 categorization concept Lakoff and Johnson :, conceptualization symbolization verbalization lexicalization 1
2 conceptualizing capacity conceptual system Lakoff : r l grass glass rice lice right light r l this that, here there give give : - 2
3 Benedict J.Piajet Whorf Sapir Fodor : : feature April shortstop Langacker : Langacker : 3
4 kill x,y x CAUSE BECOME NOT y ALIVE a. [ S [ NP John] [ VP ran [ PP into [ NP the room]]]] b. [ Event GO [ Thing JOHN], [ Path TO [ Place IN Thing ROOM ] ] ] a. b. c. d. a. Mary painted the door. b. Mary walked through the door. a. Mary enjoyed the movie last night. watching b. John quite enjoys his morning coffee. drinking c. Bill enjoyed Steven King s last book. reading a,b conceptual semantics Jackendoff : a b b go ab GO into TO IN - generative lexicon Pustejovsky : - Pustejovsky qualia structure a,b door door b a enjoy c triangle, bachelor, Chicago Fodor : I he walk run 4
5 a. bachelor vs b.?*the Pope [Tarzan] is a bachelor. vs [ ] a [UNMARRIED] [MAN] bachelor b interpretation construal or cognition [i] uncle a. [i]: -CONSONENTAL, +VOCALIC, +HIGH, +FRONT, +ROUND b. uncle: MALE, COLLATERAL, ASCENDING GENERATION Langacker : - holistic a b uncle uncle nephew uncle Fodor Fodor salience prominence trajector landmark figure ground Langacker : that football under the table 5
6 [FOOTBALL] [UNDER-THE-TABLE] FOOTBAL UNDER-THE-TABLE a. vs b. + vs + c. A+Verb+B+C i A B C vs i A+Verb+B+C ii A B C A B C vs ii A+Verb+B+C p q q p a a vs vs b 6
7 vs c c A B C i ii i B ii A B C i ii c Goldberg c Saussure Tesniére : teach -er teacher c 7
8 Pablo s painting is of a crying woman. Peter: Would you drive a Mercedes? Mary: I wouldn t drive ANY expensive car. Sperber and Wilson: : - a. He handed her the scalpel. [A SECOND OR TWO LATER] She made the incision [WITH THAT SCALPEL]. b. The car is too excpensive [FOR ME TO BUY]. c. I have had lunch [TODAY]. Sequeriros: Pablo s painting Mary Peter I wouldn t drive a Mercedes. [ ] enrich - a. b. i ii c. d. a - c - a-d 8
9 a,b : a-d Jackendoff Pustejovsky - a bii c bii c,d Blakemore lexicalization - a. John hit the wall. b. John deliberately hit the wall. vs John accidentally hit the wall. a. I moved from Earl s Court to Ealing. The rent was less expensive. b. I moved from Earl s Court to Ealing. The rent was too expensive. Matsui a b the rent a Ealing b Earl s Court 9
10 a. b. When I grabbed the rope ladder and looked back, she tried to say good-bye but gave up and merely nodded one last time. J.M.Holman c. As I started up the rope ladder to the ship I looked back. I wanted to say good-bye, but I only nodded again. E.Seidensticker : - a b,c a a b,c a. [ ] Said, : b. [ ] a,b Said a b a,b a-d a-d a-d 10
11 a. drive a nail, drive a golf ball vs drive a car b. go to school vs go to the market vs go to * the shop a. practice vs b.i He s coming toward us. vs ii Is he honest? vs iii Wait a moment. vs c. SVO vs SOV vs VSO, vs vs vs vs a,b a-c a vs drive Langacker : vs drive b the the the the a practice b b 11
12 a c : - a a,b b c [V NP NP ] [NP NP NP ] NP,NP NP NP a. John gave Mary a book. b. c. give ASP one CL book NP NP NP NP a. John bought Mary a pen. b. c. buy ASP one CL pen John bought a pen from Mary. cf. d. a. John knitted me a pair of gloves. b. c. * knit ASP me one CL gloves cf. d. a.*john ate me an apple. b. * c. 苹 12
13 eat ASP me one CL apple John ate my apple. a. i John lent Mary a book. ii *John borrowed Mary a book. b. i ii c. lend/borrow one CL book i John lent Mary a book. or ii Mary lent John a book. John borrowed a book from Mary. a,b NP c 偷 rob receive a,b NP c - c c NP d give c d a,b NP NP c NP i ii i lend ii borrow - a,b ii NP NP NP - NP NP +Animate Quirk et al Goldberg NP Recipient a. The shortstop threw a ball to the fence. vs *The shortstop threw the fence a ball. 13
14 b. I sent a book to the library. vs?* I sent the library a book. a the fence b the library the library Langacker :. NP NP a, b NP NP NP NP a. b. c. NP NP NP NP NP a. vs * b. vs * a,b Quirk et al Goldberg NP Recipient NP NP NP NP Recipient Benefactive a. Give the car a push. =Push the car. Quirk et al. : b. The Tabasco sauce gave the baked beans some flavor. c. The music lent the party a festive air. Goldberg : a. I envy him his success. b. I envy his success. c. I envy him and his success. NP a-c give, lend light verb 14
15 NP NP envy Goldberg : a b c envy forgive, admire, respect [ ] NP NP c c NP b b - a, b Said father papa male parent hot water b the 15
16 Pacific Ocean death insurancelife insurance Roosevelt Churchill Little Boy Fat Man Jap Nip slant gook Hook c bii Foucault L ordre de discours : Foucault 16
17 DVD a. b. a b a b : - 17
18 .. : b Said Langacker : factuality 18
19 a. b. c. a-c a Lyons Lakoff : b c a-d a-d bii,c a-d a-d a-d Benedict, R.. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword Patterns of Japanese Culture. Boston: 19
20 Houghton Mufflin Co. Blakemore, L.. Discourse and Relevance Theory. In D.Schiffrin, D.Tannen, and H.E.Hamilton eds. The Handbook of Discourse Analysis, -. Oxford:Blackwell. Fodor, J.A.. Representation; Philosophical Essays on Foundations of Cognitive Science. Brighton: Harvester Press. Foucault, M.. L ordre de discours. Paris: Gallimand. : Goldberg, R.E.. Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.... : -. Hook, G.D.. Language and Politics.. Jackendoff, R.. Semantic Structures. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press... : Lakoff, G.. Interview in H.Parret Discussing Language. The Hague: Mouton... Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Lakoff, G. and M.Johnson.. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to the Western Thought. New York: Basic Books. Langacker, R.W.. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar. Vol. Theoretical Prerequisites. Standford: Standford University Press... Concept, Image, and Symbol. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter... Grammar and Conceptualization. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Lyons, J.. Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Matsui, T.. Bridging Referene and the Notions of Topic and Focus. Lingua : -... one and one s NP envy :. Pustejovsky, J.. The Generative Lexicon. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press. Said, E.. War and Propaganda: A Collection of Essays. A-Abram Weekly Sapir, E.. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co. Saussure, F. de.. Cours de linguistique générale. Paris: Payot. Sequeiros, X.R.. Interlingual Pragmatic Enrichment in Translation. Jounal of Pragmatics : -. Sperber, D. and D.Wilson.. Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.... Tesniére, L.. Éléments de syntaxe structurale. Paris: Klincksieck. Whorf, B.L.. Language, Thought,, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf ed. by J. B.Carroll Cambridge, MA: MIT. 20
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