研究論文経験年数の異なる 5 名の吹奏楽指導者の演奏指導方法と指導観の比較要旨 VTR PAC 4 キーワード PAC A comparative analysis of instruction styles and philosophies of five band instructors

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1 研究論文経験年数の異なる 5 名の吹奏楽指導者の演奏指導方法と指導観の比較要旨 VTR PAC 4 キーワード PAC A comparative analysis of instruction styles and philosophies of five band instructors with careers of varying lengths Hiroshi SUGA Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate key factors which characterize expertise in band instruction, by analyzing the manner in which five band instructors with careers of varying lengths diagnose and instruct musical performance, and the underlying beliefs about musical instruction held by these instructors. The four comparatively inexperienced instructors tended to emphasize precise performance, while the most experienced instructor emphasized performers comprehension of a piece and tried to nurture their self-motivation and enthusiasm to express their understanding musically. In rehearsal, the less experienced instructors tended to use mainly verbal instruction, while the more experienced instructors used relatively less verbal instruction, favoring other methods including modeling, theoretical explanation, metaphor and questions. Keywords Diagnosis and Instruction of Musical Performance, Symphonic Band, PAC Analysis, Teacher Training -13-

2 はじめに error detection Brand & Burnsed 1981; Crowe 1996; Van Oyen & Nierman 1998 Worthy 2006; Goolsby 1997 Lehmann 1997 Lindstrom et al Woody 2006 Lehmann 1997; Laukka 演奏診断様式の比較 2. 1 手続き 5 1 VTR VTR 1 18 "Flashing Winds" Jan Van der Roost ) 2 30 VTR A -14-

3 5 2 5 VTR 2 thinking aloud 2 Goolsby 1997; Chaffin & Imreh 2001; Young et al. 2003; Broomhead 2006 表 1: 研究協力者の吹奏楽指導実績及び VTR 再生環境 A B C D E TV Macintosh PowerBook Macintosh PowerBook Macintosh PowerBook TV 表 2: 指導内容に関するカテゴリー % -15-

4 結果 VTR E 1A B C D E A B C 3 < >< > D E D < > E < > 3 3 合奏指導の分析 3. 1 手続き 5A B D E 4 4 VTR 1 A B E D A 表 3: 各指導者の VTR 視聴中の発言内容に関するカテゴリー分析結果 3% 35% 10% 6% 6% 10% 0% 3% 13% 13% 31 B 34% 10% 7% 0% 27% 5% 0% 2% 12% 2% 41 C 33% 29% 13% 2% 10% 2% 0% 2% 4% 2% 48 D 11% 18% 13% 1% 40% 2% 0% 1% 10% 3% 87 E 13% 13% 13% 13% 0% 13% 6% 56% 6% 19% 16 A D -16-

5 5 表 4: 指導方法のカテゴリー表 5: 演奏方法のカテゴリー 4 A E 19 8 B D A 68 B 42 D 38 E A < >< > < > < > 結果 B < > < ><> 5 100% -17-

6 表 6: 各指導者の合奏中の指導内容に関するカテゴリー分析結果 6% 37% 13% 0% 3% 14% 3% 8% 12% 8% 141 B 26% 48% 0% 9% 35% 39% 0% 13% 17% 0% 25 D 3% 50% 11% 3% 11% 8% 5% 0% 3% 16% 83 E 48% 15% 0% 13% 2% 40% 8% 42% 2% 4% 59 A A B < > D< > A < > 表 7: 各指導者の合奏指導方法に関するカテゴリー分析結果 58% 20% 6% 1% 1% 42% 29% 141 B 80% 8% 0% 20% 0% 28% 12% 25 D 16% 1% 4% 0% 12% 27% 54% 83 E 25% 58% 32% 17% 14% 17% 15% 59 D E < A 6 D -18-

7 5 ><> 1 表 8: 各指導者の演奏方法 33% 65% 1% 7% 13% 50% 0% 141 B 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 25 D 37% 63% 19% 8% 16% 36% 34% 83 E 58% 37% 0% 0% 0% 15% 0% 59 5 A B D 50 60%E < > <> 1 A Goolsby 1997; Bergee 2005; Worthy A B D E B A D E D 4 指導観に関するPAC 分析 4. 1 手続き A B C E 4 PAC 7 ) PAC 1997 PAC 720 8D -19-

8 ( ) ( ) () 図 1: 指導者 A のデンドログラム図 2: 指導者 B のデンドログラム PAC 結果 A 8 PAC

9 5 () ( ) ( ) 図 3: 指導者 C のデンドログラム ( ) 図 4: 指導者 E のデンドログラム B -21-

10 C 1 B E E 5 考察 PAC 4 E Gruson 1988; Colley et al. 1992; Bergee ) A B < > 9 Gruson 1988 an amorphous whole -22-

11 5 D E < >< >< >< > Tait 1992 facilitator p おわりに引用参考文献 PAC pp Bergee, M. J. (2005). An exploratory comparison of novice, intermediate, and expert orchestral conductors. International Journal of Music Education, 23 (1), pp Brand, M., & Burnsed, V. (1981). Music abilities and experiences as predictors of error-detection skill. Journal of Research in Music Education, 29 (2), pp Broomhead, P. (2006). A study of instructional strategies for teaching expressive performance in the choral rehearsal. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 167, pp Chaffin, R., & Imreh, G. (2001). A comparison of practice and self-report as sources of information about the goals of expert practice. Psychology of Music, 29 (1), pp Colley, A., Banton, L., Down, J. & Pither, A. (1992). An expert-novice comparison in musical composition. Psychology of Music, 20 (2), pp Crowe, D. D. (1996). Effect of score study style on beginning conductors error-detection abilities. -23-

12 Journal of Research on Music Education, 44 (2), pp Goolsby, Thomas W. (1997). Verbal instruction in instrumental rehearsals: A comparison of three career levels and preservice teachers. Journal of Research in Music Education, 45 (1), pp Gruson, L. M. (1988). Rehearsal skill and musical competence: Does practice make perfect? In J. A. Sloboda (Ed.), Generative processes in music, pp , Oxford: Clarendon. 11 Laukka, P. (2004). Instrumental music teachers views on expressivity: A report f rom music conservatoires. Music Education Research, 6 (1), pp Lehmann, A. C. (1997). Research on expert performance and deliberate practice: Implications for the education of amateur musicians and music students. Psychomusicology, 16, pp Lindstrom, E., Juslin, P. N., Bresin, R., & Williamon, A. (2003). Expressivity comes from within your soul : A questionnaire study of music students perspectives on expressivity. Research Studies in Music Education, 20, pp Tait, Malcolm J. (1992). Teaching strategies and styles. In R. Colwell (Ed.), Handbook of research in music teaching and learning (pp ). New York: Schirmer. 15. Van Oyen, L. G. & Nierman, G. (1998). The effect of two approaches to instrumental score preparation on the error detection ability of student conductors. Contributions to Music Education, 25 (2), pp Worthy, M. D. (2006). Observations of three expert wind conductors in college rehearsals. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 168, pp Young, V., Burwell, K., & Pickup, D. (2003). Areas of study and teaching strategies in instrumental teaching: A case study research project. Music Education Research, 5 (2), pp

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(’Ó)”R PAC Facework from the Perspectives of Interactions between Members: A Case Study of a Japanese Language Classroom by PAC analysis YOKOMIZO Tamaki The purpose of this study is to investigate how facework

研究論文 経験年数の異なる 5 名の吹奏楽指導者の 演奏指導方法と指導観の比較 要旨 VTR PAC 4 キーワード PAC A comparative analysis of instruction styles and philosophies of five band instructors

研究論文経験年数の異なる 5 名の吹奏楽指導者の演奏指導方法と指導観の比較要旨 VTR PAC 4 キーワード PAC A comparative analysis of instruction styles and philosophies of five band instructors