日本語におけるN-Rheme
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1 N-Rheme Abstract This paper analyzes realizations and functions of N-Rhemes in Japanese written texts. The N-Rheme of a clause carries the most newsworthy information, which readers should pay attention to. In unmarked cases, N-Rhemes in Japanese are realized through word order; in marked cases, they are realized by toritate-particles, auxiliary noda, or focus of negation and question. As for functions, N-Rheme provides a common ground for further text progression, predicts what to follow, and indicates directions of the progression of texts. N-Rheme 1 (Theme-Rheme) Halliday1994: (systemic functional linguistics SFL ) (textual metafunction) 2 (clause as message) (text) 2) (Fries1995, Martin et al 1997) Fries(1994:234) Fries(1994) N-Rheme N-Rheme Fries N-Rheme
2 N-Rheme 2 Fries(1994) N-Rheme 2.1 N-Rheme Fries(1994:234) N-Rheme (New) N-Rheme N-Rheme (unmarked) (tonic) (written text) (information unit) N-Rheme (spoken text) Fries As we examine the text, we should keep in mind that the N-Rheme is the newsworthy part of the clause, that is, the part of the clause that the writer wants the reader to remember (Fries1994:234) N-Rheme N-Rheme 3) Martin(1992,1993) minimal New Halliday(1994:336) (information focus) (Point, main point) (1) The Urban Stress Test translates complex, technical data into an easy-to-use action tool for concerned citizens, elected officials and opinion leaders. (Fries2002: 146) (ideational) (1) The Urban Stress Test ( translates leaders ) into an easy-to-use action tool for concerned citizens, elected officials and opinion leaders N-Rheme Fries N-Rheme 2.2 Fries(2002:121)
3 (Given) (Fries2000:93) Fries (Halliday1994:298 ) (Martin1992:Ch.3 participant identification presenting/presuming reference ) Fries Halliday Fries Halliday(1994:298) 2001:468 (2) Abe I have a newspaper and a magazine. Which would you like? Betty I d like the newspaper, please. Fries2000:86 (2) Betty the newspaper the the newspaper 2.3 N-Rheme Halliday(1994:38) (realized) N-Rheme (realization) (method of development) (coherent) (Fries1995 Martin1992 ) N-Rheme Fries(2002) Because of its association with New, the N-Rheme typically expresses the core of the newsworthy part of the clause, that is, the part of the clause that the writer wants the reader to remember. As a result we should expect the content of the N-Rheme to correlate with the goals of the text as a whole, the goals of the text segment within those larger goals, and the goals of the sentence and the clause as well. (Fries2002: 126)
4 N-Rheme N-Rheme (content) (goal) (text segment) Martin(1992:452) N-Rheme 4) (field) Martin(1993:244) N-Rheme 4 (elaborate) (Point) Martin(1992:489) (complement) N-Rheme Halliday(1994:336) The choice of information focus [ ] expresses the main point of the information unit, what it is that the speaker is presenting as news; the pattern of focus throughout the text likewise the main point of the discourse N-Rheme N-Rheme Halliday(1994:336) ( ) it is that 2001:528 Fries N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme it is N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme Fries(1994:240) N-Rheme (emphasis) N-Rheme N-Rheme 3 N-Rheme SFL
5 (1995,1998) N-Rheme 3.1 (1995) (1978:60) 1995:221(14) (3) [important information] (unpredictable) (assert) (= 1995:136 (10)) (3) Fries (3) (1995:221) 1995:221(15) (1998) (4) a. : [s V ] b. : [s V] ( 1998:131 (53)) (5) (6) (7) (8) (5) (6) (7) (8) (5) (6) (5) (6)
6 N-Rheme (7) (8) (circumstance) 5) (7) (8) (9) 1 N-Rheme N-Rheme (9) + (3) (assert) N-Rheme (10) (11) (9) (12) 2 N-Rheme 3.2 (12) (12) N-Rheme N-Rheme (13) ( ) (14) (13) (14) N-Rheme
7 2 N-Rheme (15) a. b. (Downing & Locke1992:252 ) (15) (15a) (15b) (15a) (15b) N-Rheme (15a) N-Rheme (16) ( ) (17) (16) N-Rheme (17) N-Rheme (15)-(17) (7)-(8) (1995) 1 (pp ) N-Rheme N-Rheme 1 N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme 4 N-Rheme N-Rheme 4.1 N-Rheme Fries(2002)
8 N-Rheme Martin(1993) Fries(2002:133) We urgently need your help ( N-Rheme) your help urgently need N-Rheme N-Rheme (Fries2002:126) Martin(1993:247) Hyper-Theme Hyper-New minimal New 6) (18) 160 (18) N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme 2 (lexical cohesion) (Halliday1994:336) (Gómez-Gonzalez2001:178) N-Rheme N-Rheme (19) (19) (1996: 10 ) N-Rheme (20)
9 (20) A B A B B N-Rheme A N-Rheme A N-Rheme (1998:69-70) A B A ( B ) A B :79 (21) = 1998:70(13) (20) B A B N-Rheme (1998:79) N-Rheme (22) (22) N-Rheme N-Rheme (21)
10 N-Rheme (23) (23) (22) (22) (23) N-Rheme (24) (1987:88-91) (24) 1 (25) a. 0 b : 89(23) N-Rheme N-Rheme (1995:224) (26) a. b. (27) a. b. (28) a. b. (= 1995:224 (23)-(25))
11 (29) (marked) (30) (31) (32) (32) N-Rheme N-Rheme ( 1995:37) (33) ( 2000:164 (31a) ) (34) Matthiessen(1992) (2000:164) (33) 3 (35) a
12 N-Rheme b. c. 2000: (36) (36) N-Rheme N-Rheme (37) N-Rheme (37) (36) N-Rheme N-Rheme (1997) (38) [ ] ( 1997:33 (3) ) (39) (39) N-Rheme Halliday(1994:336)
13 N-Rheme N-Rheme Hori(1997) Nanri(2001) Hori(1997: ) Hori(1997:320) N-Rheme Hori this particle functions as the marker of the focus focus newness no matter where it is placed in a clause, it makes the preceding NG[=nominal group] stand out (p.321) N-Rheme (1990) (1998) (2000) (2000:103) Matthiessen(1992:45) N-Rheme N-Rheme
14 N-Rheme 4.3 N-Rheme N-Rheme (40) [ ] (40) N-Rheme (Topic) N-Rheme 7) Fries(2000:94) N-Rheme (41) [ ] (41) N-Rheme (42) (42) N-Rheme N-Rheme
15 (43) (43) N-Rheme (nominalization) N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 N-Rheme 5 N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme Martin(1992,1993) Hyper-New N-Rheme newsworthy Firbas Communicative Dynamism information value Martin (New)
16 N-Rheme N-Rheme N-Rheme (1981) (1993) (1993) SFL 3 1 N-Rheme (2001). (2001) PHP. (1994). (2002). (1989). (1996) 160 PHP. (2000). (1985). (1997). (1998) 3.pp (1981) (2000) 2. pp (1978) (1990).pp (1995) (1998) 2. pp (1986) (1995). pp (2000) 2. pp (1996) (1997) (2000)
17 2000 (1987) (1993) Downing, A. & P. Locke (1992) A University Course in English Grammar. London: Routledge. Fries, P.H. (1994) On Theme, Rheme and discourse goals, in M. Coulthard (ed.) Advances in Written Text Analysis. London: Routledge. pp (1995) Themes, Methods of Development, and Texts, in Hasan, R & P.H. Fries (eds.) On Subject and Theme A Discourse Functional Perspective. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp (2000) Issues in modelling the textual metafunction, in Scott, M. & G. Thompson (eds.) Patterns of Text. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp (2002) The Flow of Information in a Written English Text, in Fries, P.H., M. Cummings, D. Lockwood, & W. Spiruiell (eds.) Relations and Functions within and around Language. London/New York: Continuum. pp Gómez-González, M.A. (2001) The Theme-Topic Interface: evidence from English. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Halliday, M.A.K (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar 2nd edition. London: Arnold.( 2001 ) Hori, M. (1997) Mental process clause in Japanese in Simon-Vandenbergen, A-M., K. Davidse & D. Noël(eds.) Reconnecting Language. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp Martin, J.R. (1992) English Text. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (1993) Life as a Noun: Arresting the Universe in Science and Humanities, in M.A.K. Halliday & J.R. Martin(eds.) Writing Science: Literacy and Discursive Power. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.pp , C. Matthiessen and C. Painter (1997) Working with Functional Grammar. London: Arnold. Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. (1992) Interpreting the textual metafunction, in M.Davies & L. Ravelli (eds.) Advances in Systemic Linguistics : Recent Theory and Practice. London: Pinter. pp Nanri, K.(2001) Logical structures of Japanese texts, in Text 21. pp
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JAIS A s the profession of interpreting matures, it becomes important to create shared understandings of what is considered high quality and what is the expected level of ethical behavior. To this end,
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe 1. how media, especially mobile phones, have been utilized in childrearing practices, and 2. how the process of adoption influences the placement of techno-social
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A Contrastive Study of English Business Letter Writing by the Japanese, Korean, and American Students 1 Rhetoric 1 2 3 1 5 7 2 1 2006 207 2 2000 21 22 2 3 4 1 5 3 22 23 4 208 5 2008 2 5 1 3 6 Ki (First,
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Translation and Grammatical Metaphor: Nominalization Revisited Abstract This paper will revisit nominalization in Japanese-English translation from the systemic functional perspective. Nominalization has
ABSTRACT The movement to increase the adult literacy rate in Nepal has been growing since democratization in 1990. In recent years, about 300,000 peop
Case Study Adult Literacy Education as an Entry Point for Community Empowerment The Evolution of Self-Help Group Activities in Rural Nepal Chizu SATO Masamine JIMBA, MD, PhD, MPH Izumi MURAKAMI, MPH Massachusetts
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Title Author(s) 野田秀樹作品における言葉遊びと時間性の変遷 : ゼンダ城の虜 から オイル へ 黄, 資絜 Citation 待兼山論叢. 芸術学篇. 50 P.15-P.45 Issue Date 2016-12-26 Text Version publisher URL http://hdl.handle.net/11094/70046 DOI rights 15 NODA MAP
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Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Title 初級レベルの授業報告 : 基幹コース3 科目を担当して Sub Title Author 中村, 愛 (Nakamura, Ai) Publisher 慶應義塾大学日本語 日本文化教育センター Publication 2016 year Jtitle 日本語と日本語教育 No.44 (2016. 3),p.85-101 Abstract
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Abstract The idea of constructivism now pervades the educational literature. Constructivism implies that knowledge is always knowledge that a person constructs. It stresses the need to encourage greater
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ＡＳＰ英語科目群ＡＬＥ Active Learning in English No 7. What activity do you think is needed in ALE for students to improve student s English ability? active listening a set of important words before every lecture
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An Application of Multiple Induction Motor Control with a Single Inverter to an Unmanned Vehicle Propulsion Akira KUMAMOTO* and Yoshihisa HIRANE* This paper is concerned with a new scheme of independent
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suda Open University 2019.9.28-12.16 Global Education and Sustainable Development Program An inter-disciplinary program for adult learners interested in learning about current global issues and civil society
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Abstract This paper offers a comparison between topic openings of female Chinese and Japanese native speakers (CNS and JNS) in their native language conversations. The data consist of -minute audio-and
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雯 A Study of Japanese Time Adverbs Focusing on Adverbs that Express Immediacy Wen - Shun CAIANG Tamkang University of Taiwan This study focuses on adverbs that express immediacy : sugu, sikyuu, tadachini,
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1 北陸大学 紀要 第33号 2009 pp. 173 186 原著論文 バーチャル世界における呼びかけ語の コミュニケーション機能 ポライトネス理論の観点からの考察 劉 艶 The Communication Function of Vocative Terms in Virtual Communication: from the Viewpoint of Politeness Theory Yan