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1 * 2001 (B) **

2 (2002) 2 social infrastructure social capital Woolcook (1998) 3-1 -

3 - 2 -

4 1990 Mera (1973) G Cobb-Douglas ln Y = α + β ln G + β ln K + β ln L + ε (1) G K L 4 Ratner (1983)Aschauer (1989) Asako and Wakasugi (1984)(1990a) Mera (1973)Ratner (1983) Aschauer (1989) 5 Aschauer (1989) 1970 Barro (1981)Aschauer and Greenwald (1985) Interstate Highway Y K L Meade (1952) GKL KL 5 (1990a) Ratner (1983) 6 Jorgenson (1988) - 3 -

5 7 Aschauer (1989) 8 Hulten and Schwab (1986) Snow BeltSun Belt Snow Belt Hulten and Schwab (1986) Sun Belt Snow Belt Snow Belt Snow Belt Jorgenson and Nishimizu (1978), Jorgenson and Kuroda (1992) Gramlich (1994) 8 Ratner (1983) 9 (1991) - 4 -

6 - 5 -

7 (1990a) 10 (a) Baumol [1968] (b) Arrow and Kurz [1969] (c) Sandmo and Dreze [1971] t t ( kt + gt ) = f ( kt gt ) ct k& + g& + n, (2) (2) 10 (1990a) Aschauer (1989) Aschauer (1989)1988 Journal of Monetary Economics 1988 (1990a)

8 U t ρ ( s ) ( c ) e = t u s t ds (3) ρ f f = ρ (4) k = g ( ) k = k (5) t g t (5)(2) f k k = 1 + ρ (6) g g g f k (6) (6) (6)(a)(b)(c) k g = 1(a) k g = 0 (b) - 7 -

9 - 8 -

10 4.1 (1994) (1994) (4) f kk dg = dk (7) f kg f kg (1996)

11 (4) Ogura and Yohe (1977) Burgess (1988) (1) (2)(3) (1) (1994) (1994)(1996)

12 (1988)(1995) (1996) 14 (1996) (2003a) e.g., 1996 (2003a) (2003a)

13 (2) (1) Cobb-Douglas Lynde and Richmond (1992) (3) (2003a) (1996) (1996) (2003a)

14 (1999a, 1999b)Shioji (1999) (2000, 2001) (1999)(1999)(2001)(2003) 15 (1998)(1999) [1] β (1990a)(1994) (1995)Nemoto, Kamada and Kawamura (1999)(1999) (1999a)(1999) 16 K 15 (2001) 16 Asako

15 (1999a) 1970 (1999) (1989)(1995) (1995) 18 and Wakasugi (1984)(1994)(1995)(1998)(2000) 17 Merriman (1990) (2002)

16 (1999b) (2002) Mera(1973) (1993)(1994)(1994,1996)(1995)(1995) (1995)(1996)(1996)(1998)(1997)(1997)(1999) (2000)Yamano and Ohkawara (2000)Kim(2001)(2002) (2003)(2004a) (1995) 19 Merriman (1990) (1995)(1996)(1998)(1999)(1999)(2000)Ihori and Kondo (2001)(2004b)

17

18 4.3 GDP 21 GDP GDP (1995) 21 (1990b)

19 - 18 -

20 (1996) Arrow, Kenneth J., and Mordecai Kurz (1969), "Optimal Public Investment Policy and Controllability with Fixed Private Savings Ratio," Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 1, No. 2, August, pp (1993) (1994) 135 Asako, Kazumi, and Ryuhei Wakasugi (1984), Government Capital, Income Distribution, and Optimal Taxation, Aschauer, David Alan (1989), Is Public Expenditure Productive? Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 25, pp , and Jeremy Greenwood (1985), Macroeconomic Effects of Fiscal Policy, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Vol. 23, pp Barro, Robert J. (1981), Output Effects of Government Purchases, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 89, No. 6, December, pp (1999) Japan Research Review Burgess, D. F. (1988), Complementarity and the Discount Rate for Public Investment, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 102, pp Baumol, William J. (1968), "On the Social Rate of Discount," American Economic Review, Vol. 58, No. 4, September, pp (1995) (1998)No (2002) (2003) (1995)

21 Gramlich, Edward M. (1994), Infrastructure Investment: A Review Essay, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 32, No. 3, September, pp (1998) (2003a) (2003b) (1997) (1989) Hulten, Charles R., and Robert M. Schwab (1984), Regional Productivity Growth in U.S. Manufacturing: , Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 74, No. 1, March, pp (1999) (1999) (2003) (1998) Ihori, Toshihiro and Hiroki Kondo (2001), Efficiency of Disaggregate Public Capital in Japan, Public Finance and Management, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp (1999) (1990a) (1990b) (1996) Jorgenson, Dale W., (1988), Productivity and Postwar U.S. Economic Growth, Journal

22 of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 2, No. 4, Fall, pp , and Masahiro Kuroda (1992), Production and International Competitiveness in Japan and the United States, , Economic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 4, December, pp , and Mieko Nishimizu (1978), U.S. and Japanese Economic Growth, : An International Comparison, Economic Journal, Vol. 88, December, pp (1994) (1998) Vol (1997) (1999) (1999) Lynde, Catherine, and James Richmond (1992), The Role of Capital in Production, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 34, pp Meade J. E. (1952), External Economies and Diseconomies in a Competitive Situation, Economic Journal, Vol. 62, No. 245, March, pp Mera, Koichi (1973), Regional Production Functions and Social Overhead Capital: An Analysis of the Japanese Case, Regional and Urban Economics, Vol. 3, No. 2, May, pp Merriman, David (1990), Public Capital and Regional Output: Another Look at Some Japanese and American Data, Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 20, pp (2001) (1995) (1995) (1995)

23 (2000) (2004a) (2004b) (2000)FRI Review (2002) (1999a) (1999b) Nemoto, Jiro, Kimiyoshi Kamada and Makoto Kawamura(1990) Estimates of Optimal Public Capital Stocks in Japan Using a Public Investment Discount Rate Framework, Empirical Economics, Vol. 24, Issue 4, pp (1994) (1999) Ogura, Seiritsu, and Gary Yohe (1977), "The Complementarity of Public and Private Capital and the Optimal Rate of Return to Government Investment," Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 91, No. 4, November, pp (1995) Kim Yoon Kyung (2001) (1995) (1994) Ratner, Jonathan B. (1983), Government Capital and the Production Function for U.S. Private Output, Economics Letters, Vol. 13, Nos. 2/3, pp (1998)

24 Sandmo, Agnar, and Jacques H. Dreze (1971), Discount Rates for Public Investment in Closed and Open Economies, Economica, Vol. 38, No. 152, November, pp Shioji, Etsuro (1999), Convergence in Output per Capita and Public Capital in Japan: Evidence from the Corrected LSDV Method, (2000) (2001) (1991) (1999) (2000) Yamano, Norihiko, and Toru Ohkawara (2000), The Regional Allocation of Public Investment: Efficiency or Equity, Journal of Regional Science, Vol. 40, No. 2, May, pp (1997) (1994) (1996) 40 (1999a) (1999b) (1988) Woolcock, Michael (1998), Social Capital and Economic Development, Theory and Society, Vol. 27, No. 2, April, pp

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30 (2002) GDP GDP 68SNA 1990 (2002) GDP SNA SNA SNA 68SNA - 1 -

開発金融増刊号

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