[41] [41] NHK [1] % %% 93.0% 90.7%

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あやかこのえ
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1 kawata at ed.kagawa-u.ac.jp [7][8][29] [20] [42] 1

2 [41] [41] NHK [1] % %% 93.0% 90.7%

3 [19][28][37] % [37] [5] Kaye [17][18] Kaye [17] [9] [9] [15][41] [6] [24] [35] 3

4 [33] Negayama [31] , % % U - [14] Negayama [31] 9 U Figure1 8 Figure1 9 [34] 9 [15] [30] [32] 4

5 [33] m 2m [25] 1 2 [36] identification [33] self-feeding 5

6 - [14] % 20% 2 Figure2 9 Figure2 1 - [14]

7 [22] 6 3 g 5 p48 g X X g g [21] Meltzoff Moore [26] resonance g g 7

8 g 2 g Meltzoff Moore [27] AIM Active Intermodal Mapping Meltzoff like-me Figure3 g AIM g like-me analogy g Figure3 [11] false acid response false [11]

9 [22] p<.05 p<.01 Fischer 5 [22] [38][39] [13] 43 younger ( 5-9 ) older 9-14 (frown) (mouth movement) younger Figure younger (reach) older 6 Figure4-3 Figure Geangu, Striano, & Benga [4] [48] 6 [22] younger 9

9-14 (frown) (mouth movement) younger Figure4-1 4-2

10 1 Werner [47] contemplative stance older 1 [23] [43] Ueno&Matsuzawa [44] 3 72% [42] 4 5 [9] [42] 10

11 p Tomasello [40] role-reversal imitation 2 Negayama [31] playful feeding towards mother 2 [22] p.88 [2] U

12 8 20 (p.27) [2] Meltzoff&Moore [26] Meltzoff U Wallon [45][46] Wallon Wallon - [15] pointing giving showing Figure5 onset 2 onset 12

13 Figure6 S Z Figure5 Figure6 Figure7-1 Figure Figure7-2 [2] Figure L M L M M L L M L M L M 13

14 L L M L L M M L M M [10] L L L L psychological reactance [3] L [16] [17] Figure7-2 14

15 Tomasello [18] recursive [13] Tomasello conceptual self [40] Figure7-3 Figure [30]

16 [1] NHK 2000 [2] :., (1990). [3]Brehm,S.S. & Brehm,J.W. Psychological reactance:a theory of freedom and control. (Academic Press, New York, 1981). [4]Geangu,E., Striano,T., & Benga,O. Self-other discrimination and emotion contagion in the first year of life. Presented paper of 13 th European Conference on Developmental Psychology, Jena, Germany. (2007) [5] [6]Herman,C.P. Roth,D.A., & Polivy,J. Effects of the presence of others on food intake : A normative interpretation. Psychological Blletin 129, (2003). [7] 1997 [8] 2005 [9] 2005 [10] S [11]. 21, (2007) [12] Tomasello Meltzoff [13] [14] [15]

Presented paper of 13 th European Conference on Developmental Psychology, Jena, Germany. (2007) [5] 30 203-205. 2008 [6]Herman,C.P. Roth,D.A., & Polivy,J.

17 16, [16] [17]Kaye,K. The Mental and Social Life of Babies. The University of Chicago Press Chicago 1982 ( 1993) [18]Kaye,K.,&Wells,A.J. Mothers jiggling and the burst-pause pattern in neonatal feeding. Infant Behavior and Development 3, (1980). [19] [20] 2004 [21] In pp [22] 1993 [23] 1999 [24]Lumeng,J.C. & Hillman,K.H. Eating in larger groups increases food consumption. Archives of Disease in Childhood 92, (2007). [25] 1 2 5, [26]Meltzoff,A.N.,& Moore,M.K. Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates. Science198, (1977). [27]Meltzoff,A.N.,&Moore,M.K. Explaining facial imitation : a theoretical model. Early Development and Parenting 6, (1997). [28] [29] 1996 [30] , (2000). 17

C. & Hillman,K.H. Eating in larger groups increases food consumption. Archives of Disease in Childhood 92, 384-387. (2007). [25] 1 2 5, 63-68. 2002 [26]Meltzoff,A.N.,& Moore,M.K. Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates.

18 [31]Negayama,K. Weaning in Japan:A longitudinal study of mother and child behaviours during milk- and solid-feeding. Early Development and Parenting 2, (1993). [32] [33] , (1999). [34] 2002 [35] [36]Rizzolatti,G.,&Sinigaglia,C. So quel che fai : Il cervello che agisce e I neuroni specchio.(raffaello Cortina Editore,Milano,2006) 2009 [37] [38] [39] 1999 [40]Tomasello,M. The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard University Press London [41] [42] [43] In pp [44]Ueno,A.,&Matsuzawa,T. Food transfer between chimpanzee mothers and their infants. Primates45, (2004). [45]Wallon,H. Les origines du caractére chez l enfant:les preludes du sentiment de personnalité. Presse Universitaire de France Paris

(raffaello Cortina Editore,Milano,2006) 2009 [37] 23 1-13 2008 [38] 6 48-57 1995 [39] 1999 [40]Tomasello,M. The cultural origins of human cognition.

19 1965 [46]Wallon,H. Les étapes de la personnalité chez l enfant. (Presse Universitaire de France Paris 1956). In pp [47]Werner,H. & Kaplan,B. Symbol formation : An organismic-developmental approach to language and the expression of thought. John Wiley&Sons New York 1963) [48].. (1987). 19

20 80.0 % Occurrences Age in months Figure1 Percentage of occurrences of mothers empathetic mouth opening to infants feeding. 1

21 % Occurrences Age in months Figure2 Mothers empathetic mouth opening to infants feeding.in Infant self-feeding condition and Mother providing condition. 1

22 Visual Perception of Target Adult Facial Acts Supramodal representation of Acts Equivalence Detector Proprioceptive Information Infant Motor Acts Figure3 Active Intermodal Mapping hypothesis (Meltzoff&Moore,1997) 1

23 Percentage of infants * Experimental Control 0 Younger Older Frown Figure4-1 Percetage of infants displaying frown. 1

24 Percentage of infants * * ** Experimental Control 0 Younger Older Mouth movement Figure4-2 Percetage of infants displaying mouth movement. 2

25 100 * Experimental Percentage of infants ** Control 0 Younger Reach Older Figure4-3 experimenter s mouth. Percetage of infants displaying reach to lemon or 3

26 feeding toward mother pointing giving showing Age in months N = 8 Figure5 The beginnings of four index behaviors. 1

27 50.0 % Occurrences before onset after S T U V W X Y Z Median Figure6 Developmental change in infants rejection to passive feeding between before and after the onset of feeding toward mother. 1

28 Figure7-1 Before the onset of role-reversal imitation feeding toward mother. 1

29 Figure7-2 Infants start to change the role from passive to active:the beginning of role-reversal imitation. 2

30 Figure7-3 become negativistic. After the onset of role-reversal imitation, infants 3

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橡328_339.PDF 149 181 42 42 A. (1992) Rozin & Fallon(1987) / (1992) Birch,L.L 1996Birch (Birch,1979a,b) (sensory-specific satiety ; Birch & Deysher,1986) (neophobia ; Birch & Marlin,1982) (Birch, Billman, & Richards,1984)