自閉症児に対する取り組み Bonvillian Bonvillian, J. D. & Nelson, K. E., 1982 IQ50 Gaines

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1 No A review of communication intervention programs using sign language for children with delayed language development Yorio SHIMIZU Accepted November 2, 2005 抄録 : 1990 索引語 : Abstract : In this article the author criticized communication intervention programs using sign language for children with disorders of language development. First, researches of children with intellectual disabilities, and then those of autistic children were reviewed. Merits and demerits of two teaching approaches were discussed: operant approach in structured settings, and incidental teaching in naturalistic settings. From the 1990s, researches of communication programs using picture symbols and so on have increased in number. The author pointed out problems inherent in these programs, and suggested the need of further research. Key Words : Sign language, delayed language development, autism, mental retardation 1. はじめに

2 自閉症児に対する取り組み Bonvillian Bonvillian, J. D. & Nelson, K. E., 1982 IQ50 Gaines phrase 2 3

3 67 3 "Tommy sits on a chair." Carr action-object action-object action-object phrase 2 action sign "move" object sign "chair" action-object "move chair" 2 "point to" 3 "hold" 3 3 Baer, Wolf, & Risley, a b c Vineland Social Maturity Scale 2.1

4 "chair" "move", "point to", "hold" "What do?" "What am I doing?" "move chair" "move" "Look" "What am I doing?" "what do?" 5 "move" 5 "what do?" 5 "move" "what do?"

5 69 "move" "move" 1 2 "chair" "move chair" discrete-trial method Kogel, Russo, & Rincover, 1977 Carr, 1985 incidental teaching Hart & Risley, 1982 Yonder IQ 1970 simultaneous communication Layton & Baker, 1981 a b c d 4

6 70 Carr 1979 a b c 9 8 Carr Layton & Baker, a 9 b c Childhood Autism Rating Scale d Sequenced Inventory of Communication Development SICD 28 e 25 IQ, SICD aah, woof-woof, quackquack, ma, pa, hi, bye-bye, cookie, She wants more, John bought a doll, If you sit still you can have a book / 0 1, SD= Signed English mass trial training format

7 R 2 =.63, F=23.1, p< Layton & Baker, 1981; Schaeffer,

8 72 Lovaas et al., 1971; Pronovost et al., 1966; Rincover & Koegel, 1975 Carr et al Carr and Dores IQ Goldstein 2002 Goldstein,2002 treatments a b c d e 1 generalized effects f g discrete trial training milieu language teaching

9 73 Carr & Dores, 1981; Carr, Pridal, & Dores, 1984; Yonder & Layton, 1988 Yonder & Layton 1988 IQ 78 Hinerman Keogh Keogh, Whitman, Beeman, Halligan, and Starzynski, single-subject experimental designs Layton, 1988; Yonder & Layton, 1988 milieu language teaching incidental teaching time-delay procedures

10 74 Hwang & Hughes, 知的障害児に対する手話を用いたコミュニケーション指導 Iacono 1995 alternating treatments design a scripted-play approach AAC: augmentative and alternative communication AAC 1 AAC Mirenda, Iacono, & Williams, 1990 Kouri, 1988, ACC Bruner, 1983; Snow, 1984 Iacono AAC

11 PPVT Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test 2 1 Reynell 2 3 Macarthur 314 McCune-Nicolich HELP EAT DRINK ME MORE SLEEP 2 AAC a b AAC DynaVox "hat" "on head" "dolly's head" "that's right" 2 "what's that?" "what are you going to do?" 2 2 DynaVox

12 76 3 a b c DynaVox 7 DynaVox Mean Length of Utterances: MLU Tager-Flusberg 1990 Bird MA MA

13 77 Kahn, 1981; Layton & Savino, 1990 Bonvillian & Folven, 1993 "bimodal" bimodal 1 MLU 1 75 MLU 最近の動向 Hodges Sundberg PECS Picture Exchange Communication System PECS Picture Exchange Communication System exchange partner

14 Bondy Bondy and Frost, 1994 Tincani PECS 5 10 Carl 6 8 Jennifer PECS PECS PECS best-treatment phase Carl Jennifer PECS mands Carl Jennifer PECS mands Carl Jennifer Carl PECS Jennifer PECS PECS Charlop-Christy PECS 1 PECS academic MLU Mean Length of Utterance PECS PECS

15 79 distancing Tincani Charlop-Christy mands tacts 5. おわりに 330 syntax 1990

16 80 PECS 文献 Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, pp Bird, E. K., Gaskell, A., Babineau, M. D., & MacDonald, S Novel word acquisition in children with Down syndrome: Does modality make a difference? Journal of Communication Disorders, 33, pp Bondy, A., & Frost, L The picture exchange communication system. Focus on Autistic Behavior, 9, pp Bonvillian, J. D., & Nelson, K. E Exceptional Cases of Language Acquisition.In K.E. Nelson Ed. Children's Language Vol.3 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Bonvillian, J. D., & Folven, R. J Sign language acquisition: Developmental aspects. In M. Marschark & D. Clark Eds., Psychological Perspectives on Deafness. Hillsdale, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum. Bruner, J In search of mind..new York: Harper & Row. Charlop-Christy, M. H., Carpenter, M., Le, L., LeBanc, L. A., & Kellet, K Using the picture exchange communication system PECS with children with autism: Assessment of PECS acquisition, speech, socialcommunicative behavior, and problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, pp Carr, E. G., Binkoff, J. A., Kologinsky, E. & Eddy, M Acquisition of sign language by autistic children. : Expressive labeling. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, pp Carr, E. G Teaching autistic children to use sign language: Some research issues. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9, pp Carr, E. G., & Dores, P. A Patterns of language acquisition following simultaneous communication with autistic children. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 1, pp Carr, E. G., Pridal, C., & Dores, P. A Speech versus sign comprehension in autistic children:analysis and prediction. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 37, pp Carr, E. G Behavioral approaches to language and communication.in E. Schopler & G. Mesibov Eds., Current issues in autism: Volume 3. Communication problems in autism pp New York: Plenum. Carr, E. G., Kologinsky,E., & Leff-Simon, S Acquition of Sign Language by Autistic Children. : Generalized Descriptive Phrases. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17 2, pp Gaines, R., Leaper, C., Monahan, C., & Weckgenant, A Language learning and retention in young language-disabled children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18 2, pp Goldstein, H Communication intervention for children with autism: A review of treatment efficacy. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 32 5, pp

17 81 Hart, B. M., & Risley, T. R How to use incidental teaching for elaborating language. Lawrence, Kansas: H & H Enterprises. Hinerman, P. S., Jenson, W. R., Walker, G. R., & Peterson, P. B Positive practice overcorrection combined with additional procedures to teach signed words to an autistic child..journal of autism and developmental disorders, 12, pp Hodges, P., & Schwelthelm, B A comparison of the effectiveness of graphic symbol and manual sign training with profoundly retarded children. Applied psycholinguistics, 5, pp Hwang, B., & Hughes, C Increasing early social-communicative skills of preverbal preschool children with autism through interactive training. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 25, pp Iacono, T. A. & Duncum, J. E Comparison of sign alone and in combination with an eectronic communication device in early language intervention: Case study.augumentative and Alternative Communication, 11, pp Kahn, J A comparison of sign and verbal language training with nonverbal retarded children.. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 24, pp Keogh, D., Whitman, T. L., Beeman, D., Halligan, K., & Starzynski, T Teaching interactive signing in a dialogue situation to mentally retarded individuals. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 8, pp Kogel, R. L., Russo, D. C., & Rincover, A Assessing and training teachers in the generalized use of behavior modification with autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, pp Kouri, T Effects of simultaneous communication in a child-directed treatment approach with preschoolers with severe disabilities. Augumentative and Alternative Communication, 4, pp Kouri, T How many sign acquisition relates to the development of spoken language:a case study. Language, Speech, & Hearing Services in Schools, 20, pp Layton, T. L., & Baker, P. S Description of semantic-syntactic relations in autistic child. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11, pp Layton, T Language training with autistic children using four different modes of presentation. Journal of Communication Disorders, 21, pp Layton, T. L., & Savino, M. A Acquiring a communication system by sign and speech in a child with Down syndrome: A longitudinal investigation. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 6 1,pp Lovaas, O. I., Schreibman, L., Koegel, R., & Rehm, R Selective responding by autistic children to multiple sensory input. Journal of Abnomal sychology, 77, pp McCune-Nicolich, L Beyond sensorimotor intelligence:assessment of symbolic maturity through analysis of pretend play. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 23, pp Mirenda, P., Iacono, T., & Williams,R Augumentative and alternative communication for individuals with severe intellectual handicaps: State-of-the-art. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 15, pp Prizant, B. M Language acquisition and communicative behavior in autism: Toward and understanding of the "whole" of it. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 48, pp Pronovost, W., Wakstein, M. P., & Wakstein, D. J A longitudinal study of speech behavior and language

18 82 comprehension of fourteen children diagnosed atypical or autistic. Exceptional Children, 33, pp Rincover, A. & Koegel, R. L Setting generality and stimulus control in autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8, pp Schaeffer, B Spontaneous lnguage through signed speech. In R. Schiefelbusch Ed., Nonspeech language and communication: Analysis and intervention. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press. Snow, C Parent-child interaction and the development of communicative ability. In R. Schiefelbusch & J. Picker Eds., The acquisition of communicative competence pp Baltimore: University Park Press. Sundberg,C. T., & Sundberg, M. L Comparing topography-based verbal behavior with stimulus selection-based verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 8, pp Tager-Flusberg, H., Calkins, S., Nolin, T., Baumberger, T., Anderson, M., & Chadwick-Dias, A A longitudinal study of language acquisition in autistic and Down syndrome children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20 1, pp Tincani, M Comparing the picture exchange communication system and sign language training for children with autism. Focus on Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 19 3, pp Yonder, P. J. & Layton, T. L Speech following sign training in autistic children with minimal verbal language. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18 2, pp

自閉性障害児に対するPECS を用いたコミュニケーション指導

自閉性障害児に対するPECS を用いたコミュニケーション指導 , 49 (3), 293 303, 2011. PECS 1 PECS PECS PECS 1 PECS. Picture Exchange Communication System: PECS Bondy & Frost, 2001 PECS 6, 2004 PECS Yokoyama, Naoi, & Yamamoto, 2006 Schwartz, Gar fi nkle, & Bauer,