人文論究６３‐２（よこ）（Ｐ）☆／３．中島
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2 1 matching law experimental analysis of behavior tutorial operant behavior Skinner, 1938, 1953/23 reinforcement reinforcerpunishment punisher schedule
3 Skinner box, operant chamber Herrnstein variable interval, VI 1 concurrent VI VI VI Herrnstein 1961 t t t 1 VI 1 Herrnstein VI t steady state Herrnstein
4 Herrnstein, 1961 VI x VI y 3 x y B1 R1 B1 B2 R1 R2 1 B1 1 B2 2 R1 1 R2 2 Conger & Killeen A B
5 A A B A A B A B Conger & Killeen, A A National Collegiate Athletic Association, NCAA Vollmer & Bourret,
6 Vollmer & Bourret, Baum & Rachlin 1969 Herrnstein B1 B2 R1 R2 B1 R1 R2R1 B1 B2 1!
7 B1 R1 B2 R2 2 B1, B2 2 Baum & Rachlin 1969value B1 R1 A1 I1 X1 B2 R2 A2 I2 X2 3 R A 1 I X quality 1 Hollard & Davison 1971 Miller 1976 Matthews & Temple immediacy, I delay, D 3 B1 R1 A1 D2 X1 B2 R2 A2 D1 X2 3! B1R1 B1R2 B1R1 B2R1 1 B1R1 B1 R2 B2R1 1 B2 R2 2
8 4 B1 A1 D2 B2 A2 D1 4 impulsivenessself-controlrachlin & Green, concurrent superstitioncatania & Cutts, 1963 Herrnstein changeover delay, COD undermatching overmatching 4
9 overmatch perfect match undermatch bias for A no bias bias for B A B 2 bias 4 Baum 1974, B1 B2 b R1 R2 a 5 5 a a 1 a 1 a 1 b
10 3 overmatch perfect match undermatch bias for A no bias bias for B b 1 b 1 b 1 5 generalized matching law log B1 a log R1 log b B2 R Borrero
11 6 A y=.546x A Borrero et al., A A a.546 log b St. Peter et al., 25
12 y=.759x St. Peter et al., a Herrnstein 197 B R B Bo R Ro 6 B Bo R Ro
13 6 Ro 6 B Bo k 6 B k R R Ro 6 k B kr R Ro 6 7 Thorndike 1911law effect the quantitative law of effect 8 VI 6 6 k Ro k B Bo Bo B k k 8
14 , , , , , , Catania & Reynolds 1968 Herrnstein McDowell, McDowell, 1981
15 6 k Millenson & de Villiers, 1972 ; Farley & Fantino, 1978 B1 R1 P1 B1 B2 R1 P1 R2 P2 7 P1 1 P2 2
16 Deluty, 1976 B1 R1 P2 B1 B2 R1 P2 R2 P Critchfield, Paletz, MacAleese, & Newland, 23 ; 198 ; de Villiers, 198 Farley, 4 3 1melioration theory Herrnstein & Vaughan, R2 B1 R1 R2 B1 B2 2
17 1 2 2 optimization theory Rachlin, Green, Kagel, & Battalio, VI 3 VI VI 3 VI 12 2 Rachlin et al Table
18 maximization theory 3 momentary maximization theory Shimp, 1966 VI 3 VI Davison & McCarthy Richard J. Herrnstein Rachlin & Laibson, 1997 Baum,W.M On two types of deviation from the matching law : Bias
19 and undermatching. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 22, Baum,W.M Matching, undermatching, and overmatching in studies of choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 32, Baum,W.M.,&Rachlin,H.C Choice as time allocation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12, Borrero, J. C., Crisolo, S. S., Tu, Q., Rieland, W. A., Ross, N. A., Francisco, M. T., & Yamamoto, K. Y. 27. An application of the matching law to social dynamics. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 4, Catania, A. C., & Cutts, D Experimental control of superstitious responding in humans. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6, Catania, C. A., & Reynolds, G. S A quantitative analysis of the responding maintained by interval schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, Conger, R., & Killeen, P Use of concurrent operants in small group research. Pacific Sociological Review, 17, Critchfield, T. S., Paletz, E. M., MacAleese, K. R., & Newland, M. C. 23. Punishment in human choice : Direct or competitive suppression? Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 8, Davison, M., & McCarthy, D The matching law : A research review. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. Deluty,M.Z Choice and the rate of punishment in concurrent schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 25, de Villiers, P. A Toward a quantitative theory of punishment. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 33, Farley, J Reinforcement and punishment effects in concurrent schedules : A test of two models. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 33, Farley,J.,&Fantino,E The symmetrical law of effect and the matching relation in choice behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 29, Herrnstein,R.J Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 4, Herrnstein,R.J On the law of effect. Journal of the Experimental Analy-
20 sis of Behavior, 13, Herrnstein,R.J.,&Vaughan,W.,Jr Melioration and behavioral allocation.inj.e.r.staddon Ed., Limits to action : The allocation of individual behavior pp New York : Academic Press. Hollard,V.,&Davison,M.C Preference for qualitatively different reinforcers. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 16, Matthews,L.R.,&Temple,W Concurrent schedule assessment of food preferences in cows. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 32, McDowell, J. J On the validity and utility of Herrnstein s hyperbola in applied behavior analysis. In C. M. Bradshaw, E. Szabadi, & C. F. Lowe Eds., Qualification of steady-state operant behavior pp Amsterdam : Elsevier. Millenson, J. R., & de Villiers, P. A Motivational properties of conditioned anxiety. In R. M. Gilbert & J. R. Millenson Eds., Reinforcement : Behavioral analyses pp New York : Academic Press. Miller, H. L., Jr Matching-based hedonic scaling in the pigeon. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 26, Rachlin,H.,&Green,L Commitment, choice, and self-control. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17, Rachlin,H.,Green,L.,Kagel,J.H.,&Battalio,R.C Economicdemand theory and psychological studies of choice. In G. H. Bower Ed., The psychology of learning and motivation Vol.1, pp New York : Academic Press. Rachlin, H., & Laibson, D. I. Eds., The matching law : Papers in psychology and economics. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press. Shimp, C. P Probabilistically reinforced choice behavior in pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 9, Skinner, B. F The behavior of organisms : An experimental analysis. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts. Skinner, B. F Science and human behavior. New York : Mcmillan. 23 St. Peter, C. C., Vollmer, T. R, Bourret, J. C, Borrero, C. S, Sloman, K. N, & Rapp, J. T. 25. On the role of attention in naturally occurring matching relations. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38, Thorndike, E. L Animal intelligence. New York : Macmillan.
21 Vollmer, T. R., & Bourret, J. 2. An application of the matching law to evaluate the allocation of two- and three-point shots by college basketball players. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33,
The Japanese Journal of Psychology 1991, Vol. 62, No. 1, 9-15 Response occurrence to the non-reinforced alternative through punishment in rats Toshihi
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人文論究６０－４（よこ）（Ｐ）☆／５．岩橋
Kwansei Gakuin University Rep Title Author(s) ヒトにおけるセルフコントロール 選 択 の 推 移 : 能 動 的 受 動 的 反 応 を 要 する 刺 激 提 示 の 効 果 の 比 較 Iwahashi, Hitomi, 岩 橋, 瞳 Citation 人 文 論 究, 60(4): 109-129 Issue Date 2011-02-20 URL
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