hvac-dpos_dif.eps
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- みさき もてぎ
- 4 years ago
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1 11 C(α, p) 14 N Feasibility Study of the Experiment on the Stellar Reaction 11 C(α, p) 14 N
2 CRIB C (F1) F (Wien filter) MCP C F F F C i
3 Si (α, p) (α, p 0 ) MCP MCP Delay linemcp(microchannel Plate) / C MCP ii
4 O 11 C+α, 14 N+p Activation ( ) CRIB [11] () ( ) EC TOF, EC kin z θ Si F2 SSD F F (low gain) C Telescope 1 E-E Telescope 2 E-E PPAC assd 1(0-500 ns) PPAC assd 1 (a) (b) ( ns) PPAC assd 2 (0-500 ns) MCP PPAC apsd 1 ( ns) iii
5 4.1 MCP/ MCP/ MCP MCP2 (Run 28) MCP (Run 28) MCP PPAC (Run 28) iv
6 2.1 CRIB F2 SSD F3 PSD (α, p) 11 C Si RoentDek DLD MCP TDC MCP PPAC-MCP TOF PPACMCP v
7 11 C(α, p) 14 N( 0.2 GK)II 12 Cα CNO - 11 C 11 C(α, p) 14 N CNO 14 N(p, α) 11 C Activation 14 N 11 C 11 C(α, p) 14 N 14 N 23 CRIB(CNS Radioactive Isotope Beam separator) 11 C 11 C(α, p) 14 N Microchannel Plate (MCP) 11 C pps,99 %, 7.6 ± 0.6 MeV (α, p) 4 36 ArMCP MCP 1.19±0.08 mm 2.82±0.05 mm > 95 %5
8 % ( Population III)100 [1] [2](Population II) -(p-p), CNO CNO T 6 < 20 (T 6 = 1 1 MK ) Coulomb p-p 1 H(p, e + ν) 2 H p-p T 6 > 20 CNO CNO CNO p-p [1] 3p-p ; pp-i: 1 H(p, e + ν) 2 H(p, γ) 3 He( 3 He, 2p) 4 He, pp-ii: 3 He(α, γ) 7 Be(e, ν) 7 Li (p, α) 4 He, pp-iii: 3 He(α, γ) 7 Be(p, γ) 8 B (e + ν) 8 Be(α) 4 He He
9 MeV T 6 > 50 p-p pp-i 3 He( 3 He, 2p) 4 He pp-iii 3 He(α, γ) 7 Be(p, γ) 8 B T 6 > 30 7 Be 7 Be pp-ii T 6 > 50 ρ > 10 4 g/cm 2 8 BT 1/2 = 0.77s β + pp-ivt 9 > Be α 7 Be pp-v ; pp-iv: 7 Be(p, γ) 8 B(p, γ) 9 C(e + ν) 9 B (p) 8 Be(α) 4 He, pp-v: 7 Be(α, γ) 11 C(β + ν) 11 B (p, 2α) 4 He. p-pp-pa 11 CNO 9 C 11 C rap- rap-i: 7 Be(p, γ) 8 B(p, γ) 9 C(α, p) 12 N(p, γ) 13 O(e + ν) 13 N(p, γ) 14 O, rap-ii: 7 Be(α, γ) 11 C(p, γ) 12 N(p, γ) 13 O(e + ν) 13 N(p, γ) 14 O, rap-iii: 7 Be(α, γ) 11 C(p, γ) 12 N(e + ν) 12 C(p, γ) 13 N(p, γ) 14 O, rap-iv: 7 Be(α, γ) 11 C(α, p) 14 N(p, γ) 15 O αa 12 rap-i ρ > 10 8 g/cm 3 T 1/2 = 1.26 ms 9 C(e + ν) 9 C(α, p) 12 N T 1/2 = min β + 11 C 11 C(p, γ) 12 N, 11 C(α, p) 14 N A 12 rap-ii, rap-iii, rap-ivrap- 14 O 15 O CNO rp-[3] rp- [4]p-p rap- 1.1 p-p rap- 11 C(α, p) 14 N rap-iv1.1 E 11 C(α, p) 14 N 1.1.a (4) C(α, p) 14 N 2
10 (a) (b) p-p, rp- 1.1: [1]: (a) β (1) 11 C(p, γ) = 11 C(e + ν), (2) 8 B(p, γ) = 8 B(e + ν), (3) 12 N(p, γ) = 12 N(e + ν), (4) 11 C(α, p) = 11 C(e + ν), (5) 8 B(α, p) = 8 B(e + ν), (6) 9 C(α, p) = 9 C(e + ν), (7) 7 Be(α, γ) = 7 Be(e, ν), (8) 13 O(α, p) = 13 O(e + ν), (9) 7 Be(p, γ) = 8 B(γ, p), (10) 11 C(p, γ) = 12 N(γ, p) (b)p-p( pp-ii: B, pp-iii: A, pp-iv: A, pp-v: C, rap-(rap-i: D, rapii: D, rap-iii: D, rap-iv: E, rp-: F, rap-iv T 9 < 3 11 Cα 15 O α MeV13 MeV 15 O 1.21 MeV 10 (α, p) α, pγ α, Γ p α α T 9 < 3 11 C(α, p) 14 N p-pwiescher 11 C(α, p) 14 NIngalls 14 N(p, α) 11 C [5] Ingalls 14 N 11 C β + Activation 14 N(α, p) 11 C 1.3.a 14 N(p, α) 11 C 1.3.b 3
11 Γ α π 1.2: 15 O 11 C+α, 14 N+p 11 C(α, p) 14 N Fowler [6] 11 C(α, p) 14 N σ α,p = E 1 αc exp( 2πη αc 0.555E αc 0.096E 2 αc ) (1.1) MeV η αc = 3.24E 1/2 αc Sommerfield E αc C+α 1.3 Activation 15% 4
12 10 3 Measurement FCZ-II 10 3 Measurement FCZ-II Total cross section [mb] Cross section [mb] E pn [MeV] E αc [MeV] (a) 14 N(p, α) 11 C (b) 11 C(α, p) 14 N 1.3: Activation[5]: (a)activation 14 N(p, α) 11 C FCZ-II Fowler15% (b) 11 C(α, p) 14 N T 9 =0.2, 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5 Gamow window 53 kev 1.3.bGamow window T T 9 = 3 11 C(α, p) 14 N 14 N E x = MeV, J π = 0 +, T = 1 11 C(α, p 1 ) 14 N WiescherSMOKER[7]Hauser- Feshbach 11 C(α, p 1 ) 14 N 11 C(α, p) 14 N 1.3 CRIB (CNS RadioIsotope Beam separator)[8]in-flight 11 C(α, p) 14 N 11 C 11 C(α, p) 14 N 14 N 5
13 IngallsActivation 15% 53keV kev MeV(T ) 10% C : 10 6 pps (α, p) :(α, p 0 ), (α, p 1 ) MCP (α, p) 4 36 ArMCP 5 6
14 2 11 C 2.1 CRIB CRIB(CNS RadioIsotope Beam separator)[8] (CNS)( 2.1) in-flight(ri) 2.1: ( ) AVF (K = 70)A/Z > 2 10 MeV/u (RI) (p, n) (d, p) ( 3 He, d) 2 CRIBDouble achromatic system (Q1 M1 D1 Q2D2 M2 Q3) (Wien filter system; Q4 Q5 E B Q6 Q7)2 (Q,M,D, E B )p qdouble achromatic system Bρ = p/q E B Lorentz qe = qvb v 7
15 NPRE SS M1 Q1 F0 D1 beam Q2 F1 D2 F2 E x B F3 M2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 2.2: CRIB TOF (Time of flight) CRIB2.1 8
16 84-98 cm 110 Z 2 /A MeV 30 % 5.6 msr (F1) 1/850 (F2) 0 2.1: CRIB C 11 C 4.57 MeV/u (3.1.1 ) 1.3 eµa 11 B 3+ 1 H( 11 B, n) 11 C C ( 30 MeV)H 2 ( 1.2mg/cm 2 ) 11 C [11]( 2.3) K 80 mm2.87 µm Havar (3.1.2 ) 11 C 1.2 mg/cm 2 (400 Torr, 90 K, 80 mm) H 2 11 CLISE++[12] % % 9
17 gas flow bypass to the chamber oxygen analyzer target gas in evacuation port N2 out Liquid N 2 level meter Liquid N 2 in isolation vacuum heat exchanger (coiled pipe) flow control valve 900 pump for gas f low (30 L/min) gas cell with Havar foil windows heat bath beam 2.3: [11] (F1) F1 ( ) 11 C Tm±5% (±80 mm) F1PPAC (Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter) [13] F2 Double achromaticf2 F0-F2 F0Bρ q/a F0-F2 10
18 RF (Radio Frequency) F2 PPAC PPAC Si PPAC Z (Wien filter) (Wien filter)[8] % 100 % 30 MeV 11 C 6+ ±70 kv 11 B 5+ F3 6 cm E C =3-12 MeV (E CM = MeV) 0.34 mg/cm 2 (775 Torr,20 mm,293 K) (2.3.1 ) 2.56 µm(3.1.5 ) Havar 11 C 8.2 MeV 8.2 MeV 5.4 MeVHavar 2.2 GK Gamow window 850 MK Gamow window 11 C(α, p 0 ) (α, p 1 ) 1 MeV B 3+ : I = 1.3eµA = [s 1 ] [14]: : dσ/dω 10 [mb/sr] (0,) Ω LAB = 5.6 [msr] Ω CM = 1.2 [sr] : ρ = 1.15 [mg/cm 2 ] : N A = [mol 1 ] : A = 1.00 [g/mol] Y total I dσ dω Ω CM ρ N A /A s 1 (2.1) 11
19 11 C % F % %40-60 % Y target s [16] CRIB 1 H( 11 C, p) 11 C, 1 H( 13 N, p) 13 N[17, 18] 4 He( 14 O, p) 17 F [19] (α, p) E E [16] E+ E/2 σ(e ) Y (E) = I(E) E E/2 ɛ(e ) de (2.2) I(E)σ(E)ɛ(E) = de/dn n σ(e), ɛ(e) E(effective thickness) 3E + E/2 E E/2 dσ/dωn events N beam 12
20 n ef Ω dσ N (E, Ω) = dω events (E, Ω) N beam n ef (E) Ω (2.3) 2.4 σ Ω 2.4: , 2.6 2PPAC PPAC a, PPAC bppac bmcp2 13
21 Si E-E 2 Telescope 1Telescope 2 E-E2 PSD SSD 2 PSD 1, SSD1 (Telescope 1), PSD 2, SSD 2 (Telescope 2) SiMCP 2.5:() 14
22 2.6:( ) 15
23 2.3.1 φ20 mm 20 mm 2.56 µm (3.1.5 ) Havar0.171 mg/cm 2 (775 Torr, 273 K) (CH 2 ) () 1 mm PPAC PPAC PSD mm Si21 E-E E-E (Telescope 1) (Telescope 2) PSD (Position sensitive Detector)2 62 µm (PSD 1), 1.5 mm (SSD 1) 64 µm (PSD 2), 1.5 mm (SSD 2) mm 2 64 µm 62 µm 2.42 MeV 2.37 MeV C(α, p) 14 N θ p 11 C E C E p = m C m p (m α + m N ) 2 ( ) 2 cos θ p + γ 2 sin 2 θ p E C, (2.4) γ = mc m p m α m N E αc E αc + Q (2.5) m C m p m α m N 11 C p α 14 NE αc α+ 11 C Q α( 11 C, p) 14 N Q 16
24 tan θ p CM = sin θ p cos θ p 1 cos θ p+ γ 2 sin 2 θ p (2.6) θ p E p, θ p 2.4, 2.5( E CM 30 kev) E αc 0 θ p E αc TOF E C TOF (z) E C kin(z) E C E TOF C PPAC a-b (PPAC a-mcp ) TOF PPAC a-rf TOF 2PPAC 0.5 nsppac a b t ns PPAC a-b510 mm PPAC 21.5 MeV t 26 ns E/E 2 t/t E 1.2 MeV t 2-3 ns F0-PPAC a 13 m F0-PPAC a 30 MeVt 570 ns E 0.3 MeV 4 PPAC a-rf PPAC a, PPAC b(mcp) 4 He ATIMA[20]FWHM 150 kev, 120 kev, 80 kev, 56 kev 4 He E 365 kev, E 370 kev E CM 100 kev E p Si Si (5 MeV α ) kev 4 He HavarKeV 2.7 TOF370 kev Si 100 kev E TOF C (z)() E kin(z)()(a)-(d) C θ 0 = 0, θ 0 = 30, θ 0 = 60, θ 0 = 90 E kin C (z) Ekin C (0) = 6.5 MeV Ziegler [21] enewz E TOF C ze kin C 17
25 z E p z θ 0 = 90 z E C E TOF C E kin C E αc θ 0 E αc = 2.00, 1.73, 1.46 MeV kev 18
26 8 E kin E TOF 8 E kin E TOF Energy [MeV] Energy [MeV] z [mm] z [mm] (a) θ 0 = 0 (b) θ 0 = 30 8 E kin E TOF 8 E kin E TOF Energy [MeV] Energy [MeV] z [mm] z [mm] (c) θ 0 = 60 (d) θ 0 = : EC TOF, EC kin z : E C kin(z)tof E TOF C (z)e C kin E kin E TOF C E kin C (z) Ekin C (0) = 6.5 MeV ETOF C (z) C (10mm) Ekin C ( 10mm) + Ekin C MeV ETOF C (z) 19
27 MeV 1.73 MeV 1.46 MeV 40 Energy resolution [kev] angle [deg] 2.8: θ MCP PPACPPAC MylarSi (α, p) 0 0 PPAC a( b) TDC PSD( SSD) (α, p) ns PPAC MCPMyalrPPAC MCP 4 36 ArMCP / 20
28 MCP Si2.9Si Pre Amplifier 2.9: Si (PA)Fast Amplifier (FA), Shaping Amplifier (SA) FA Constant Fraction Discriminator (CFD) PSD 2 X,Y 16 X CFDOR PSD1 RI PPAC 5 X,Y Scaler Coincidence registerbeam/n ➀PPAC a, b PPAC 100% a, b 21
29 PPACa PPACb Pile-up flag Beam Beam&PSD flag Beam&PSD Beam/n Beam-single flag 2.10: PPAC a➁500 ns ADC TDC busy2 PPACPile-upBeamBeam 2 ➂ Down scalerbeam/n➃ SiCoincidence ➄ T rigger = Beam/n + ( i P SD i ) Beam, (2.7) Beam = (P P ACa) (pile up), n = n Beam/n ( i P SD i) Beam 22
30 n = RTLinux CAMAC/VME BabarlDAQ[22] BabarlDAQ Collector, Driver, Transfer, Database, Controller, Recorder, Analyzer Collector Driver, TransferPC Database () Controller ControllerBabarlDAQ Recorder Transfer Analyzer Anapaw Database Collector Driver Transfer Driver CAMACTransfer Recorder Database Anapaw[23] Anapaw /Analys Cernlib paw[24] Babarl 23
31 C B 3+ F1 PPAC D1 Bρ = Tm x = 1.21 mmdx/(dbρ/bρ) = 16 mm/% Bρ/Bρ = 0.076%, E = ± 0.04 MeV (4.572 ± MeV/u ) F2 F2 SSD 2 α ( 241 Am; MeV, 244 Cm; MeV) 3.1 HavarH 2 PPAC Bρ = Tm±0.625% Si PPAC PPACRFF0-F2TOF(Time of flight) PPAC 11 C MeV±12.5%, 11 B MeV±12.5% 24
32 Particle Materials Channel Energy [MeV] y = *x , R 2 = measurement α α C C H C H+G C P C P+H C P+H+G : F2 SSD Energy [MeV] Channel 3.1: F2 SSD H 2Havar (4.424mg/cm 2 ) G H 2 (400Torr) P PPAC(13.8µm Mylar ) PPAC PPAC F mg/cm 2 (400Torr, 90K, 80mm) F1 Gauss Tm ±6.6 % 27.4±3.6 MeV ±1.6 MeV 4.4 MeV Bρ = Tm F1 ±10 mm ( 30.19±0.38 MeV) 0.86 mg/cm 2 (300 Torr, 90 K, 80 mm) F3 F3 PPAC arf TOF RF PPAC a-ppac btof PPACs TOF PPACs 11 C ns 11 B ns 3.3 F3 11 C 35.1 % 11 B 53.3 % ±70 kv 99.7 % 11 C 25
33 Energy after a PPAC [MeV] TOF RF [ns] 3.2: F2 : Bρ = Tm±0.625 % F0- F2PPAC PPAC 11 C MeV±12.5 %, 11 B MeV±12.5 %RF 75.6 ns TOF PPACs [ns] TOF PPACs [ns] TOF RF [ns] (a) TOF RF [ns] (b) 3.3: F3 : Bρ = Tm±0.625 %PPAC a-b (TOF PPACs ) PPAC a-rf (TOF RF )TOF PPAC 11 C ns, 11 B ns(tof PPAC 2 ns ) 26
34 He SiPPAC b Havar 4 He PSD1 (Low gain) 3 α PPAC a, PPAC b, Havar PPAC a, PPAC b, Havar 25 R 2 = PPAC a, b Havar 14.7 µm(mylar ), 10.7 µm(mylar ), 2.65 µm 40 y = *x , R 2 = measurement Energy [MeV] Channel 3.4: (low gain) 3.5 Gauss 7.6 MeV1.2 MeV 27
35 Particle Bρ Materials Channel Energy [Tm] [MeV] 11 B A+B α B A+H C A+H+H α α B H+H C A+B B A B A C A+H B B B H C H+H C A C A B C B C H C B A+B B A B B B H B : F3 PSD1: A PPAC a B PPAC b H Havar 28
36 Counts / 29 Constant Mean E-02 Sigma E Beam Energy [MeV] 3.5: 11 C : Gauss C 2.7 Beam/nPSD ( i P SD i) BeamSi P ile up Beam coincidence BeamPPAC a b Beam Beam/n n = (α, p) Beam/n Ungated Gated Dead time = 1 Gated Ungated (3.1) 80, , 000 = /20, 690 = pps pps PPAC a, b Gauss28 mm, 16 mm 29
37 Y [mm] Counts Run Time Beam/n U ngated Gated Dead time No. [sec] ( ) [%] 21 8,327 29, , , ,020 5,454 22,912 22, ,019 5,436 22,648 22, ,324 40, , , total 20,690 80, , , : (α, p) 11 C φ20 mmppac a, b 11 C 43 % X [mm] Counts 3.6: 30
38 F1 11 B 3+, 4.6 MeV/u,1.3 eµa 11 B(p, n) 11 C 0.86 mg/cm 2 (300 Torr, 90 K, 80 mm) 75 slm 1.25% (E11 C6+=30.19±0.38 MeV) ±70 kv F Tm±6.6% (1.15 mg/cm 2, 300 Torr, 90 K, 80 mm) F2 11 C 6+ :38 %, 11 B 5+ :55 % F2-F3 18 %(Wien Filter off), 18 %(Wien Filter on) F3 11 C 6+ :99 % 7.6 ± 0.6 MeV 28 mm 16 mm (FWHM) pps 3.4: Torr10 % F2-F3 18 %43 % Si Si 3 α( 237 Np; MeV, 241 Am; MeV, 244 Cm; MeV) α 3Gauss 3 5 MeV α 3 Gauss
39 Telescope 1 Telescope 2 FWHM[keV] FWHM[keV] PSD SSD Total : Si , 3.8 Telescope 1,2 E-E res Telescope 1 α, 3 He 32
40 E res [MeV] 6 E res [MeV] E [MeV] Proton Deuteron Triton 3 Heα E [MeV] E [MeV] 3.7: Telescope 1 E-E Proton Deuteron Triton 3 Heα E res [MeV] E [MeV] E [MeV] 3.8: Telescope 2 E-E 33
41 500 ns (α, p) PPACMylar 0-10 PPAC SSD Time between PPAC a and SSD 1 [ns] Proton energy [MeV] 3.9:PPAC assd 1(0-500 ns) Time between PPAC a and SSD 1 [ns] ns TOF between PPAC a and SSD 1 [ns] ns (α,p 1 ) PPAC b 2.5 m away from PPAC a (α,p 0 ) PPAC a Proton energy [MeV] (a) Proton energy [MeV] (b) 3.10:PPAC assd 1 (a)(b) ( ns) 34
42 Time between PPAC a and SSD 2 [ns] PPAC apsd ns ns RF 75.6 ns 3.10.a ns (α, p 0 ), (α, p 1 ), PPAC a, PPAC b, PPAC a2.5 m( ) 3.10.b TDC Gate PPAC a, b (α, p 0 ) (α, p 1 ) PPAC bppac a2.5 m E p [MeV] 3.11:PPAC assd 2 (0-500 ns) (α, p) E p + E p /2E p E p /2 E beam + E beam /2 E beam 35
43 E beam /2 E beam (E p ) ρ ef (E beam )E beam R(E beam ) ρ ef (E beam ) = R(E beam + E beam /2) R(E beam E beam /2) (3.2) mg/cm 2 4 He 7.6 MeV 11 C E p, E beam Int = 9.69e4 pps, time = sec, SA = 50.**2/219.**2 sr, EX0 = 7.6 MeV, ltgt = 20. mm, P = 775. Torr, C energy [MeV] proton energy [MeV] Effective thickness [mg/cm 2 ] Energy [MeV] 3.12: : 11 C (α, p 0 ) 3.10(a)(α, p 0 ) 7±3 1.1 Ingalls Ω EN p 2.3 N p = dσ dω Ω N C ρ ef N Avo /A α σ Ω CM /4π N C ρ ef N Avo /A α (3.3) dσ/dωn C 11 C ρ ef N Avo = mol 1 Avogadro A α = He 3.3 Ingalls 11 C(α, p 0 ) 14 N ( 1.1) E p = 100 MeV ( 36
44 ) Ω CM = 50 msr3.1.6 I = A = ±3 Int = 9.69e4 pps, time = sec, SA = 50.**2/219.**2 sr, EX0 = 7.6 MeV, ltgt = 20. mm, P = 775. Torr 10 11c4he.dat u 4:5 1 Yield proton Energy [MeV] 3.13: MCP PPAC MCP3.14 PPAC b (α, p 1 ) 37
45 TOF between PPAC a and SSD 1 [ns] ns TOF between PPAC a and SSD 1 [ns] ns (α,p 1 ) PPAC b (α,p 0 ) PPAC a m away from PPAC a Proton energy [MeV] Proton energy [MeV] (a) (b) 3.14: MCP PPAC apsd 1 ( ns) 38
46 4 MCP MCP MCP 11 C(α, p) 14 N 3.66 MeV/u 36 Ar Delay linemcp(microchannel Plate) MCP(Microchannel Plate)µm ( ) 2MCP Chevron 2400 V 10 7 MCP (Delay-line anode) MCP RoetDek MCPX / DLD40 [25] MCP MCP 2MCP 1 mm1 2 ( signal, reference ) ( 1, 2 )2 8 (X signal 1, X reference 1, X signal 2, X reference 2, Y signal 1, Y reference 1 Y signal 2, Y reference 2 ) signal reference 36 V (12V 3) 4(X 1, X 2, Y 1, Y 2 ) Constant-fraction discrminator (CFD) Time-todigital convertor (TDC) CFDRoentDekATR19 39
47 <0.1 mm 0.2 mm 1 MHz 20 ns 47 mm 1.5 mm 25 µm 32 µm 7 ± 2 >50 % < mbar (2 MCP, Chevron ) (2400 V ) V 4.1: RoentDek DLD40 40
48 4.1.2 / MCP / MCP 5 4.1MCP X Y 11 C(α, p) 14 N6 µm Al 36 Ar MCP0.7 µm Al Mylar/MCP CsI CsI kV 10 ev 1 kv50 mm 1 mm 3 1, kV MCP 1 4 MCP mm 4 MCP kv-1.6 kv 5 X 1 X 2 (Y 1 Y 2 ) MCP RC ( RC ) ATR19CFD 41
49 4.1: MCP/ 42
50 y φ x CsI Ω MCP φ X 1 X 2 Y 1 Delay-line anode Y 2 Ω 4.2: MCP/ 43
51 PPAC, MCP, PSD(Si φ φ φ φ 4.3: : PPAC, MCP, PSD PPAC PSD MCP MCP ) 36 ArPSD PSD mm Double-sided stripsmcpppac PSD PPAC PPAC, MCP, PSD PSD 1.1 µm Mylar 0.35 mg/cm 2 PSD / 4.2 Run MCPV MCP Run V ac = V MCP V foil Run V dly Run Run 22 PSDRun PSD 44
52 Run no. V ref [kv] V foil [kv] V mcp [kv] V dly [V] PPAC counts[k] : MCP TDCTime calibrator 20ns 5 X 1, X 2, Y 1, Y 2, RCTDC ps 45
53 Y [mm] [ps/channel] X ± 0.04 X ± 0.05 Y ± 0.04 Y ± 0.06 MCP-RC ± : TDC T x1, T x1, T x1, T x1 T x = T x1 T x2, T y = T y1 T y2 x = k x T x + x 0, (4.1) y = k y T y + y 0. (4.2) k x, k y, x 0, y run 28 PPAC PSD MCP 2 (x int, y int ) =(-15,0), (-10,-10), (-10,0), (-10,10), (0,-15), (0,-10), (0,0), (0,10), (0,15), (10, X [mm] 4.4: MCP 10), (10,0), (10,10), (15,0) 131 1mm MCP 46
54 xy4.5 k x = 0.62±0.01[mm/ns], k x = 0.67±0.01[mm/ns], x 0 = 4.2±1.2[mm], y 0 = 10.3 ± 1.5[mm]MCP X [ns] -> X [mm] Y[mm] = *Y[ns] , R 2 = Run22 Run23 Run25 Run X [ns] -> X [mm] Y[mm] = *Y[ns] , R 2 = Run22 Run23 Run25 Run X [mm] 0 X [mm] X [ns] (a) x[ns] x[mm] X [ns] (b) y[ns] y[mm] 4.5: 4.6 x y V ac V ref V ac y 47
55 Y [mm] Counts Counts X [mm] 4.6: MCP(Run 28):2x, y 48
56 2 X differnce Y diffrence 1.5 Position defference from interpolation [mm] HV [V] 4.7: MCP 5 mm x 10 mm, 5 mm y 10mm 4.4 PPAC 1.0 mm [13] PSD 0.76 mm MCP θ MCP, θ ICfoil, θ ICgas PSD Gauss ATIMA θ MCP = 3.27 mrad, θ ICfoil = 4.19 mrad, θ ICgas = 6.21 mrad 4.9 MCP0.6 mmppac-mcpmcp-psd 180 mm, 342 mmppac 1.0±0.2 mm MCP 0.6±0.2 mm MCP x, y x = ( /522 2 (1.0 ± 0.2) / (0.6 ± 0.2) 2 ) 1/2 = 1.19 ± 0.08 mm, (4.3) y = ( /522 2 (1.0 ± 0.2) / (0.6 ± 0.2) 2 ) 1/2 49
57 Counts / 103 Constant Mean E E-02 Sigma E / 130 Constant Mean E-02 Sigma E Counts x MCP - x interpolation [mm] y MCP - y interpolation [mm] 4.8: MCP (Run 28) θ MCP θ foil + θ gas 4.9: MCP = 2.82 ± 0.05 mm (4.4) x y x x y 50
58 Run no. FWHM x [mm] FWHM y [mm] ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : MCP MCP PPAC MCP TOF T x1, T x2, T y1, T y2 PPAC PPAC 0.2 %PPAC, MCP 4.5 V ac (= V MCP V foil ), V delay ps PPAC500±100 ps [13] MCP 720±70 ps 51
59 Y [mm] Run no. [ps] ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : PPAC-MCP TOF PPAC 5 mm MCPPPAC % Y [mm] X [mm] X [mm] (a) PPAC (b) PPACMCP : PPAC (Run 28) 52
60 Run no. PPAC MCP [%] ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± : PPACMCP 53
61 C 4.57 Mev/u,1.3 eµa 11 B mg/cm 2 (300 Torr, 90 K, 80 mm) pps C F1 F2-F3 1.3eµA10 F1 10 % 2-3 F2-F3 18 % 240 % Ingalls (α, p 0 ) 40 % Ingalls (E C = MeV) 2 E C = MeV 1.0 mg/cm 2 4 He 293 K 760 Torr 60 mm pps MeV1.0 mg/cm ±0.1 MeV 100(10%)(α, p 1 ) 54
62 (α, p) PPAC b (α, p) PPAC b MCP F3 11 C B 5+ 6 cm 3 cm 5.4 MCP 3.2.6MCP (α, p 1 ) PPAC b 4 x 1.19±0.08 mm y 2.82±0.05 mm720±70 ps 95% Si y 0 y 2.82 mm y1 y x 2 MCP xy y x MCP 2 2 ( 10 6 pps) 55
63 MCP MCP 56
64 [1] M. Wiescher et al., The Hot Proton-proton Chains in Low-metallicity Objects, Astro. J., 343(1989)352. [2] N. Iwamoto et al., The First Chemical Enrichment in the Universe and the Formation of Hyper Metal-poor Stars, Sci. 309(2005)451. [3] R.K. Wallace and S.E. Woosley, Explosive Hydrogen Burning, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 45(1981)389. [4] S. Wanajo, The rp-process in Neutrino-driven Winds, Astrophys. J, 647(2006)1323. [5] P.D. Ingalls et al., 14 N(p, α) 11 C Cross Sections from 3.8 to 6.4 MeV, Phys. Rev. C 13(1976)524. [6] W.A. Fowler, G.R. Caughlan, B.A Zimmerman, Thermonuclear Reaction Rates, II, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 13(1975)69. [7] F.K. Thielemann et al., Thermonuclear Reaction Rates from Statistical Model Calculations, Advances in Nuclear Astrophysics, p525 [8] Y. Yanagisawa et al., Low-energy Radioisotope Beam Separator CRIB, Nucl. Inst. and Meth.A, 539(2005)74. [9] M.S. Smith and K.E.Rehm Nuclear Astrophysics Measurement with Radioactive Beams, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 51(2001) [10] S.Kubono et al., New Low-energy RIB separator CRIB for Nuclear Astrophysics Eur. Phys. J. A 13(2002)217. [11] H. Yamaguchi et al., Development of a Cryogenic Gas Target System for Intense Radioisotope Beam Production at CRIB Nucl. Inst. and Meth., submitted. [12] LISE++, A simulation of fragment separators, [13] H. Kumagai et al., Delay-line PPAC for High-energy light ions, Nucl. Inst. and Meth. A 470(2001)
65 [14] L. Van Der Zwan and K.W.Geiger, The 11 B(p, n) 11 C Cross Section from Threshold to 4.9 MeV, Nucl. Phys. A 306(1978)45. [15] K.P. Artemov el al., Effective Method of Study of α-cluster States, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 52(1990)408. [16] S. Kubono et al., Experimantal Determination of Astrophysical Reaction Rates With Radioactive Nuclear Beams, Nucl. Phys. A, 693(2001)221. [17] T. Teranishi et al, Study of Resonance States in 12 N Using a Radioactive Ion Beam of 11 C, Phys. Let. B, 556(2003) [18] T. Teranishi et al, Single-particle Resonance Levels in 14 O Examined by 13 N + p Elastic Resonance Scattering, Phys. Let. B, 650(2007) [19] M. Notani et al., Direct Measurement of the Astrophysical Reaction 14 O(α, p) 17 F Nucl. Phys. A 746(2004)113. [20] H. Weick, ATIMA, weick/atima/ [21] J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack and U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, Pergamon Press, New York (1985). [22] H. Baba et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 34(2001)221. [23] T. Takeuchi, ANAPAW, takesato/anapaw/anapaw.html. [24] PAW, phisics analysis workstation, CERN, [25] RoentDek, MCP Detector With Delay-line Anode, 58
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